"Roll Over! A Xin", starring three new generation actors led by Peng Yuyan (Eddie), Ke Yulun, and Lin Chenxi, made its enthusiastic debut in Taipei on the 10th. The premiere of the movie was full of stars, including Zheng Yuanchang, Rainie Yang, Gui Lunmei, Su Huilun, Feng Xiaoyue, and the actors in director Niu Chengze’s new play "LOVE", including Ruan Jingtian, Zhao Youting, and Chen Yihan.

　　　 Eddie worked hard to perform in the play, from zero to today’s work, he really put in a lot of effort, and the director and other actors spoke very highly of him. Along the way, the producer Li Lie saw it, and even praised Peng Yuyan’s transformation from a boy to a man. I hope everyone must go to the theater to see his wonderful performance.

　　　 Director Niu Chengze (Doudao) is about to start filming the new movie "LOVE", Peng Yuyan will also participate in the performance, and today the actors Ruan Jingtian, Zhao Youting, and Chen Yihan are all present to help Eddie. Chen Yihan said at a loss that he must watch his acting today, and he must appreciate Eddie’s good figure; Doudao, who could not be present, recorded a VCR more intimately and gave it to Eddie. The brothers also sent the greatest blessings, and even regarded his good figure as the goal, praising his perfect figure.

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Abstract: Human society is entering a new era from the information age — — The era of communication. The multiple attributes of communication are constantly evolving, and have gone through the development stages of transmission, interaction, exchange and social construction. In the era of communication, for the first time in history, people are not only the existence of bodies, but also the existence of numbers; At the same time, the ecology of public opinion, the pattern of media and the mode of communication have undergone profound changes. We should objectively, comprehensively and rationally understand and understand the law of communication in the communication era, actively undertake the new obligations and responsibilities entrusted by the new era, and strive to build a healthy, pluralistic, equal and orderly communication field and environment suitable for the communication era, so that the biggest variable of new media can become the biggest increment to promote social development.

Keywords: information age, communication effect, mainstream media, social media

【 Chinese Library Classification Number 】 G206 【 Document Identification Code 】 a

【DOI】10.16619/j.cnki.rmltxsqy.2021.09.011

Hong Junhao, Distinguished Professor of School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai University, Professor of Communication Department, new york State University, USA, and researcher at Fei Zhengqing Center, Harvard University. His research interests are communication theory and research methods, international communication and international politics, media and social development, and the impact of new communication technologies on society. The main Chinese works are New Trends in Communication (up and down) (editor-in-chief), Communication (editor-in-chief), Interpretation of the New Trends of American Government Media in the Post-Cold War Period (paper) and Necessity, Urgency and Challenge of International Communication of Chinese Culture (paper).

Inadvertently, it seems that quietly and unconsciously, we are experiencing an extremely important change and an era transition: we are entering a new era. In recent years, many scholars at home and abroad have suggested that human society is undergoing a great change, that is, from the "information age" to a new era — — "the age of communication" These two times are closely related and have a lot in common, and they are two inseparable times; At the same time, they also have very distinct differences. These differences describe the essential characteristics of two different eras.

Theoretical definition of information age

From the 1960s to the 1970s, some sociologists in the United States put forward theoretical views on the information age, arguing that a new economic and social paradigm is emerging in some developed countries, and its formation is mainly based on the development of information industry and related service industries (Feenberg, 2019). These theories point out that in the information age, information and knowledge spread rapidly with the continuous development of technology, and the emergence of the Internet enables most people around the world to obtain and use information and knowledge anytime and anywhere. More importantly, advanced information technology is progressing and updating all the time (Coleman & Ganong, 2014). Although there have been different opinions and debates on the relevant theories of the information age, the theory of the information age has had a great impact on predicting and planning the development direction of human society.

The opening of the Internet has enabled hundreds of millions of ordinary people to enter the information age, which has opened a truly global information age. Based on various types of political participation and discussion in e-mail, online forums and blogs, computers leave engineers’ desks and enter ordinary people’s daily lives, changing from simple information communication technology to social communication media. From this point of view, hundreds of millions of ordinary users have changed the nature of computer networks and affected the development direction of this technology. This change has profound theoretical and social significance.

The arrival of the information age benefits from the evolution and development of computer miniaturization. This period began with the advent of personal computers in the late 1970s, until the Internet was adopted by most people in the 1990s. Information technology has changed people’s daily life, education and life system, and the modernization process of human society is further accelerated based on global communication and network development, so the information society is regarded as one of the important symbols of modern society. At the same time, information technology has also become an important reason to make the organizational structure and management of human society more orderly.

The term "information technology" covers many fields related to computer technology in the past decades. In the "information age", a new stage of the development of human society, it is difficult to find a field or industry that has not been widely influenced by information technology. The Internet is a decisive technology in the information age, and the great changes it brings make the whole human society closely linked through the Internet. From a technical point of view, the internet connects computers together; Theoretically, the Internet connects the whole world, the political, economic and cultural fields of all countries, and people living in all corners of the world. In the 1990s, the overall popularity of the Internet and the great changes caused by the rapid development of Internet technology made it a universal and common reality for people all over the world to share information (Negroponte, 1995; Castells, 2019）。

Theoretical definition of communication age

The successor of the information age and its next paradigm is the communication age. If the representative features of the information age are "information" and "information/informing", then the representative features of the communication age are "communication", "communication/communicating" communication ". The word communication comes from the Latin prefix co- (meaning "with" or "together") and the root munia (meaning "sharing", "giving" or "serving"). Therefore, the formation of communication needs the participation of others, and it is a collective activity in which people jointly create and share meaning. Although we sometimes say "I spread" or "you spread", in fact, communication cannot be done by individuals alone, but it must be done by people together. For example, reciting by yourself is not communication, but speaking to others is communication. This is the truth. Communication is a collaborative process of using information to create and participate in social reality, our individual identity, the relationship, organization, community, and the exchange and communication of culture and ideas.It is all accomplished and realized through communication. These aspects are all important parts of social reality, or a series of social judgments recognized by group members.

There are complex and significant differences between informing and communicating. One of the most important differences is that informing is one-way and static; Communicating is two-way and dynamic, which usually leads to interaction. The main form of information communication and communication technology in the communication era is social media, and the main function of social media is communication. Social media brings communication, interaction, dialogue and joint participation, which is completely different from the communication mode mainly based on one-way notification. In the era of communication, media and technology are integrated into all fields of society and people’s lives. Communication travels through time and space in a pluralistic background, and information is transmitted, exchanged, communicated and interacted through new media technologies in virtual or real scenes.

Although the broad audience groups are at different ages, almost all of them have entered the communication era from the information age at the same time. The generation born from 1930s to 1950s, the millennial generation born at the beginning of this century, and the generation born later than them have all been deeply influenced by the change of communication mode. People are not only related to each other through the Internet, but also interact through various social media, and everyone is spreading and being spread. In the information age, people have known the Internet technology, but they have not made more connections through this connection. In the era of communication, people connect, participate and interact, which makes the whole human society become an integrated and endless communication field. This new concept regards virtual space and communication technology as places and ways for people to develop, maintain and promote their association and interaction with others. It not only involves the traditional concept based on the principle of face-to-face communication, but also promotes the latest development of the concept of media communication.

The "communication" in the communication era highlights three key components: "connecting", "engaging" and "interacting". The interpretation of these three components has formed a more contemporary and relevant communication concept on the basis of the traditional principles of communication. On the one hand, with the continuous integration of technology, media and communication, communication has penetrated into the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people; On the other hand, the rapid increase of social media and social networking sites based on mobile computing technology has greatly increased the convenience of people’s non-face-to-face communication, and the resulting complexity also makes people urgently need better communication skills and stronger, independent and critical (more accurately means "critical" in Chinese) thinking and judgment.

Fundamentally speaking, communication is dual, which includes "creation" and "participation". The ancient Greeks called these two functions of communication poiesis (creation) and praxis (action). In the past, most scholars paid more attention to communication practice, or paid more attention to how to use communication as a tool to accomplish specific tasks. But in recent years, the poiesis attribute of communication has begun to get more attention. Recognizing that communication can produce new social reality is of great significance to how to spread and how to judge the influence and social role of communication.

For communication, connection is fundamental, and the current connection mode has also changed greatly. Face-to-face communication and media communication were once regarded as two completely different and independent behavior modes; Now, they are closely related. In essence, the whole process of communication is about connection and participation. Connection means that communication can connect us with others, groups, communities, social institutions and cultures. The mobility of modern information technology makes it easier for people to connect than ever before. No matter day or night, people can get in touch with almost anyone who needs it, and they can get news and information from all over the world by tapping a few keyboards or touching a tablet computer. In this connection, communication is regarded as the core of the process of creating and participating in social reality. People spread in the dynamic and complex system of personal and social relations, and everyone is more related to others than ever before. However, connection itself is not enough to fully reflect the potential of communication in changing people’s respective identities, relationships, communities and social reality. Communication must also have participation and interaction. Simply "connecting" to the Internet or social networking sites can not fully realize people’s desired communication will and purpose, but must "integrate" with each other and achieve participation. The era of communication is an era in which communication, technology and media are integrated, and it is an era in which "integration" permeates the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people.This kind of integration refers to the way in which many forms of media communication and face-to-face communication overlap and intersect in people’s daily life. This unprecedented degree of integration not only affects the question of "what we do" but also affects the question of "who we are". For the first time in history, people are no longer just a physical existence, but also a digital existence in the new communication technology: people maintain the existence of physical reality and network virtual dual space at the same time, and the accessible boundaries and influence of individuals on the world far exceed the physical space they occupy. From the digital point of view, individuals can travel through vast time and space. One of the most important effects of communication integration is that it greatly increases our chances of connecting with others, both in quantity and type. However, while releasing great potential, integration also brings new challenges. When we use technology, media and communication to communicate, a large amount of information may distract our focus and blur the focus of communication, which to some extent makes the effect of communication difficult to last. Relevant research results show that the hot spot effect of communication usually lasts only seven days, or only less than two or three days or even shorter.

In the era of communication, communication, technology and media will fully penetrate into almost everyone’s daily life. Older people are called "digital immigrants" (people who learn and use digital technology in their later lives). They have witnessed the process of the increasing popularity of digital information technology in daily life: no matter what you do or where you go, you can’t do without digital information technology, media and communication. The "digital protogeneration" refers to a generation whose digital technologies, such as computers, mobile phones and video games, already existed at the time of their birth. They grew up in a world infiltrated by new information communication technologies represented by social media. Today, mobile devices have become the main online tools in most parts of the world. In addition, experts predict that we will soon see more radical communication integration and penetration. We have become living in both the physical world and the virtual world — — An independent but closely connected virtual world that is complementary to the real world — — The first generation.

The network world is a space that integrates all information, which provides a new infinite space and platform for people to create, publish and spread information. The relationship between people in this space, the community established and the communication carried out are all realistic and will bring real-time experience. However, this space is virtual and does not have the same physical existence as the real society. Virtuality is a general term for the reconstruction of familiar physical space in cyberspace. Now, VR (Virtual Reality), AR (Augmented Reality) and MR (Mixed Reality) have become our very familiar existence and experience. Face-to-face communication and non-face-to-face communication with digital technology have naturally penetrated and integrated into people’s daily life, and complement each other. People often use both at the same time, or freely move in and out and switch between these two worlds. Many people have realized the seamless transition between virtual and real situations.

Why did you enter the "communication age" from the "information age"?

Why are people not satisfied with receiving and obtaining information, but also want to further participate in communication? Why are more and more people eager to communicate, keen to participate in communication, and willing to spend time and energy on communication? This involves both psychological and social reasons. Gregory Shepherd, a communication theorist, pointed out that among all human desires, two are particularly "sincere": on the one hand, we always want to have a certain right to speak, so that we can decide our own destiny to a certain extent — — No longer a "puppet" of fate, a little person nested in a gear, or a buoy with no anchor chain fixed at sea; On the other hand, we don’t want to be alone (Shepherd; St. John & Striphas, 2006）。 Communication can help people satisfy these deep-seated desires and bring some elements from potential fields into practical fields (Frey & Carragee, 2007). It connects us, establishes consensus, relationship and common vision about reality through interaction and participation, and enables people to take control of their own destiny, seek infinite possibilities in the future and make their own contributions.

In the traditional media era, news and information are made public through a "highly centralized" production mechanism. A few people control the power to spread to the public, and the news media controls what information can be spread. This one-way communication mode leads to the situation that few people participate in news communication (Lanham, 1993; Warnick & Heineman, 2007）。 In the new media era represented by social media, communication scholars began to explore the infinite possibilities of interactive media development (Davis, 2011; Ledbetter et al., 2011）。 This change embodies a new mode of communication, and also marks the beginning of a new era. The changes brought by the new media have made a key change in interpersonal communication and social communication, including news communication: from an entity to a wide audience, it has become mutual communication, exchange and communication between many people (Peters, 1999). The theoretical significance of this change is that the new media, represented by social media, provides an unprecedented new platform for users all over the world to talk to each other and provides unlimited possibilities for hundreds of millions of people to spread their ideas, opinions and information to others. In other words, the new media has innovated two-way or multi-directional communication, in which the audience can respond to news, information and news, rather than simply receiving them.

The new media enables people to interact and spread by sending and receiving messages. With the invention of various interactive communication technologies, people began to have new channels of communication, communication and exchange. For ordinary people, the new media is more democratic and fair (Warnick & Heineman, 2007). People enjoy the right of free communication and numerous information sources, and can establish closer relations with others and society through the media. All this is mainly attributed to a series of changes in the field of information and communication since the mid-1990s. So far, the most important representative of this new information and communication technology is social media (Nickson, 2016). Since its appearance, interactive communication information technology has become the most important tool for people’s daily communication, and has greatly changed people’s way of life, behavior and thinking.

The emergence and rapid development of new media represented by social media have brought extensive and profound changes to human society in just over 20 years. So, what is the difference between the new media and other media before? Why does it have such a far-reaching impact on people’s lives and society? Although every innovation and mutation of communication technology in history has brought great changes to human society, every change in the past has occurred in a certain range and has certain limitations. For example, from the printing era (including books, newspapers and magazines) to the film era, and then to the radio and television era, every revolution in communication technology has brought considerable influence to the whole human society. However, there has never been an impact so great, so extensive, so comprehensive, so profound and far-reaching, so subversive as that brought by the new media represented by social media today.

The influence of new media such as social media stems from its own essential characteristics. Marshall mcluhan, a Canadian communication scientist, said in his book Understanding Media: On Human Extension that, in essence, medium, that is, media or media, is an extension of human body (McLuhan, 1964). All forms of communication technology before are far from the "extension" of new media such as social media to the human body. This extension can be said to be an infinite extension beyond time and space. From a theoretical and technical point of view, in the case of connecting to the Internet, the information sent through social media can be instantly received by people in any part of the world, and such a huge "power" is indeed unprecedented. As a new social force, the new media has brought subversive and revolutionary changes to the communication mode. The "revolution" here does not refer to violent and bloody changes, but to sudden changes and great changes. Compared with evolution (mostly gradual and slow evolution), revolution usually refers to great, extremely fast and extremely strong change.

Another fundamental difference between this kind of new communication technology and traditional communication technology is that the new communication technology is much simpler and easier to connect with society and its members, and the possibility and convenience of interaction between social groups and individual intervention in social affairs have been greatly improved, forming an "undifferentiated" communication paradigm, which is why there are nearly 1 billion new media users in China now. The significance of this "indifference" lies in the fact that there is basically no limitation on the scope of users from the economic and technical aspects.

Another extremely important and profound change brought by the new media, represented by social media, is the integration of the finite real world and the infinite virtual world to form another new world. This brand-new and truly infinite world, which is composed of two worlds, is not only a brand-new concept, but also brings a brand-new life and survival experience. People can quickly adapt to it and accept it without complicated transformation and adaptation process, and become more and more attached to it and inseparable from it.

According to the theory of mass media, the media has an impact on people and society from two levels: one is the macro and social level, and the other is the micro and individual level, which are overlapping. On the one hand, the influence of new media on the "new world" is superficial and obvious, that is, it has brought great changes to people’s way of life, behavior and thinking, and the scope of influence has extended from individuals to society, which has greatly changed the current social operation mode; On the other hand, it is also a more important influence, which is invisible, invisible and deeper to the whole human society. It is mainly reflected in promoting, forcing or causing the reorganization of social structure, which has gradually turned the original unified and integrated society into a number of "small societies", thus bringing unprecedented challenges to the formation and management of the entire political system and ideology. Nowadays, the phenomenon of social fragmentation and tribalization is a prominent manifestation of social restructuring, and this influence and change trend is unstoppable. Associated with this, every fragmented small society has its own "opinion leaders", that is, every virtual "tribe" has its own political inclination and value recognition, that is, it has a certain degree of political ideology and cultural value system that belongs only to their group. This kind of influence and change is almost in every "Tribe "has different degrees of presentation. As the most important discovery of secondary communication theory, "opinion leader" plays a huge role in community communication. In this situation, many top-down social management or governance models will need to be redesigned and formulated because it is difficult to achieve the expected results in the new social form of combining reality and virtuality, which has brought unprecedented challenges to social management and network governance to a great extent.

At the same time, the influence of new media on individuals and society is constantly interacting. For example, the new media has changed people’s way of life, behavior and thinking, which has promoted the reorganization of social structure, and the reorganization of social structure and the resulting changes in social management or governance mode will in turn affect the use and development of new media. Accordingly, the further development of new media will bring about further changes in people’s life, behavior and way of thinking, and this change will bring more far-reaching influence to society. In short, as long as the new media continues to develop and change, it will bring new influences to individuals and society. This has been a common phenomenon in the world in recent years, and it will also be the general trend of most social evolution in the world for a long time to come.

Why can social media promote a new era?

Interaction, personalization, flexibility, creativity and constant development and change are the main characteristics of new media represented by social media in the communication era, and they are also the communication characteristics in the communication era. In the era of communication, anyone can be an author, editor, artist, educator, musician, etc. of news or information release, and can also be the creator of UGC(User Generated Content). Different from the traditional media era, interactive media allows each user to choose what to say, when to say it and how to say it. By downloading, uploading and updating, people search the latest information sources and share the information they need and want. As one of the most important features of new media, interaction is a kind of communication phenomenon that is not limited by distance through social media, that is, by sending and receiving almost real-time digital coded information, users can spread in two-way or multi-way in a dynamic environment, such as posting comments under online articles such as blog posts.

Another notable feature of new media lies in its personalization. Communication in different environments or different interactive backgrounds has its own unique environmental or situational characteristics, which affects how information is used and how meaning is constructed. In the era of communication, the boundaries between communication environments are becoming more and more blurred and overlapping. Communication is often a mixture of multiple environments, each of which may include face-to-face communication, media communication, or some form of combination of the two. Today’s communicators can share their information with a wider audience by using emerging new technologies, and the audience can also actively participate in it through online comments. Although newspapers, books, radio and television are all carriers of mass communication, there is almost no interaction between producers and audiences of news in this kind of mass communication. It is also for this reason that mass communication is mostly considered to be one-way in history. Although the emergence of the Internet has enabled mass communication to achieve interaction, for example, users have the opportunity to interact to a certain extent through comments and ratings; But compared with social media, this interaction is still primitive and basic. Social media provides more personalized opportunities for communication, which makes the boundary between mass communication and interpersonal communication more blurred. Based on the personalized platform, the new media has established relationships and paths with its users, and provided specific users with the information they want at a specific time and in a specific way. Although such a push mechanism also has its drawbacks, it may limit the views and information that users are exposed to, but more importantly, the new media has built an open and shared stage.It provides a platform for users to express themselves to others, and also creates endless possibilities for communication. This involves a core idea of the communication era, that is, everyone should have and can have the opportunity, means and ability to spread — — Get instant information and express yourself.

New media has been changing and developing. With the continuous progress of information and communication technology, people’s interaction and communication style has changed from the usual face-to-face communication to a new communication field, that is, communication and interaction in an infinite but anonymous environment (Walther & D’addario, 2001; Walther, Loh & Granka, 2005; Arvidsson, 2006; Ellison, Heino & Gibbs, 2006）。 Scholars engaged in CMC (Computer Mediated Communication) research believe that computers will reshape interpersonal communication, and now this assertion has come true (Poster, 1990; Sproull & Kiesler, 1991; Hiltz & Turoff, 1993; Ledbetter et al., 2011）。 Compared with face-to-face discussion, non-face self-disclosure through new media becomes more comfortable for users, and more and more people show stronger willingness to self-disclose. It can be seen that the new communication technology has not only changed the individual mode of communication, but also gradually changed the main mode of communication in society (Poster, 1990; Goffman, 1999; Walther et al., 2005）。 The new communication technology that changes the communication mode of billions of people is social media represented by Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, WeChat and Tik Tok (Palomares & Lee, 2010), and these social media are the most important new developments in CMC field (Greenhow & Robelia, 2009).

Evolution and development of communication attributes

In the past hundred years, the multiple attributes of communication have been continuously developed and evolved, and scholars have been constantly exploring and understanding them. Based on the combing of communication scholars, the evolution and development of communication attributes have mainly gone through the following stages (Edwards, et al., 2012).

The "transmission property" of communication was first recognized and defined in the 1940s (Shannon & Weaver, 1949), which emphasized that communication is a linear and one-way transmission of information, that is, information sources send messages to receivers through a channel or medium, and regard communication as a channel and process of information transmission from one person to another. Of course, there are obvious shortcomings in defining this attribute, that is, the sender is regarded as active and the receiver is passive; In fact, most communication is two-way. Therefore, after this, the "interactive nature" of communication has made up for this defect well.

In 1950s, the "interactive nature" of communication was put forward, pointing out that communication is a two-way behavior process (Schramm, 1954). It absorbs the basic elements of transmission metaphor, but adds two important components: feedback and experience. Feedback refers to the receiver’s reaction to the sender’s message. Based on feedback, senders can adjust the information they transmit in real time to increase the chances of successful communication. In addition, because each sender and receiver is a unique individual, this model also involves the field of experience, such as the attitude, concept and background of each of us in the process of communication. However, like the previous transmission attribute, this attribute still treats the sender and receiver separately in essence.

In fact, communication also has the "exchange property", that is, it recognizes that people are connected through communication and make achievements through communication, which is beyond the level of (trans-) information exchange. The exchange property of communication put forward in 1960s abandoned the concept of single sender and receiver, and pointed out that participants are both senders and receivers, and they are related to each other. In communication, based on information exchange, the relationship between participants and them will change with communication. The reason why communication affects its participants is that each message has two dimensions: content and relationship (Watzlavick & Beavin, 1967). The content of information refers to its superficial meaning; The relationship of information refers to how information is expressed and its relationship with participants. The relational dimension of information not only reflects the relationship between related people at that moment, but also shapes their future relationship.

After that, the "social construction attribute" of communication is put forward, which further expands the idea that communication affects communicators. Specifically, the attribute of social construction emphasizes that communication can shape and create newer and better social reality (Berger & Luckmann, 1967; Craig, 1999）。 The social construction attribute of communication expands the role of disseminator from sender/receiver to co-creator of shared social world, that is, participants shape practical, true, acceptable, credible and feasible social reality intentionally or unintentionally through joint efforts. In a certain sense, news is far more than a collection of pieces of information, but the cornerstone of social reality. The attribute of social construction assumes that people further shape themselves in the process of communication with others. At the same time, the process of communication is also one of the main means for people to participate in social development and construction.

From the above analysis of communication attributes, it can be clearly seen that every new attribute of communication is put forward on the previous basis, and through continuous innovation and progress, the great power and social role of communication are gradually recognized and revealed. Judging from the evolution of world history, many social changes began with or related to the evolution of the communication field, and then the evolution of the communication field in turn affected and promoted the evolution and development of the social field. Therefore, making full use of the power of communication to social change can build a better social reality for human society. Over the years, the understanding of the nature of communication has been developing and deepening, and the important role played by communication in creating social reality has been generally recognized.

In addition to the social level, from the personal level, the communication attributes that individuals understand and agree with will also affect their life, behavior and way of thinking. For example, some people think that communication is simply a means of transmitting information from one person to another, that is, transmission attributes; Others believe that communication is a process of cooperation, involving content, relationship and environment, that is, exchange of attributes; Others realize that communication has the power to change and create new social reality, that is, the social construction attribute of communication. Research shows that those who realize that communication can be used not only to convey information, but also to achieve goals, change and create new social reality usually have stronger communication ability (O’Keefe, 1988). In the era of communication, individuals, groups, companies, organizations and even countries with better and stronger communication ability often have more and better development opportunities and prospects.

Power, obligation and responsibility of communicators in the era of communication

In the era of communication, everyone has become a conscious or unconscious, conscious or unconscious, positive or negative, successful or failed communicator. Therefore, in this new historical era — — In the era of communication, everyone, as a communicator, should bear the new obligations and responsibilities entrusted by the new era.

With the continuous development and popularization of new media represented by social media, new modes of communication have been integrated into the daily life of the vast majority of people all over the world. In the era of communication, almost every user has his own "media", so social media is also called "self-media" figuratively and accurately in China. Every self-media user "controls" the "media" he owns. With the two-way and multi-directional communication becoming the main forms of communication, the dialogue between many people has been realized for the first time in human history. In other words, anyone in the communication can become a publisher, editor, journalist or even an expert or celebrity, which provides an unprecedented vast space for the dissemination of information, the deepening of opinions and the integration and development of politics, culture, commerce, entertainment and education. In essence, the current mode of communication has undergone earth-shaking changes. In this new era of communication, communication ethics is of special importance.

Morality is a code of conduct based on respect for oneself, others and the surrounding environment. Simply put, morality involves the behavioral judgment of right and wrong. As a communicator, everyone must shoulder their own social and moral responsibilities, and only with moral communication can the well-being of individuals and society be improved. Social media is a new communication technology, communication mode and communication tool with the fastest development, the largest number of users and the greatest influence so far. In the era of social media, the self-media user is no longer just a pure self-media user, but also a media person and a media owner. In a legal sense, it naturally becomes an unregistered but actual media legal person. Every sound, every message and every picture made by people, and every spread in the real world or virtual world, may have a certain impact on others or society. Therefore, as a media legal person from the media, we should also be cautious about what we say, the image we create and the views we express, and bear the corresponding consequences for the possible impact.

Since self-media users have multiple identities, namely users, media owners and legal persons, self-media (social media) users need to fully understand the obligations and responsibilities at these three levels. The first is the personal level, that is, the moral responsibility that individuals should have in communication behavior; The second is the social level, that is, the social responsibility that individuals should have in communication behavior; The third is the legal level, that is, the legal responsibility that individuals should have in communication behavior. At present, the vast majority of self-media users are far from realizing that they should abide by these obligations and responsibilities, let alone consciously abide by them. Under such circumstances, on the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen relevant education guidance and enhance the sense of responsibility of media users; On the other hand, it is necessary to formulate, improve and implement relevant laws, regulations, policies, regulations, systems, articles of association, etc., and guide media users (that is, media owners) to abide by the personal, social and legal obligations and responsibilities that they must undertake as media legal persons. In the study of communication, it has always been emphasized that the media must bear corresponding social responsibilities while pursuing freedom of the press and freedom of speech, and seek a balance between the two; At the same time, when the two conflict, we should give priority to social responsibility. This is also completely applicable to countless users/owners of self-media now. Social media platform is not an extra-legal place where individuals can use their own "media" to spread at will without any responsibility; On the contrary, as a "Media people, the communication behavior of media users must be based on moral considerations and bear corresponding obligations and responsibilities.

How to ensure that communication behavior can be responsible to oneself, others and society? Habermas, a communication philosopher and ethicist, believes that moral communication can promote autonomy and sense of responsibility. The spread of morality respects the right of individual choice and self-determination, and at the same time encourages and demonstrates the sense of social responsibility. He pointed out that communication that deprives people of their free will is potentially dangerous, because they deprive people of the opportunity to make wise decisions and control their own destiny. At the same time, Habermas also stressed that in the process of realizing freedom, people should not only be responsible for themselves, but also bear common responsibilities to others and the community. The greater the power, the greater the responsibility. Information and interaction are powerful elements in constructing social reality (Habermas, 1979), that is to say, the increase of a communicator’s communication power means the increase of his responsibility accordingly.

With the evolution and development of communication attributes, the moral standards of communication also change. For example, the information transmitted by the communicator to the receiver must be ethical, and the first thing is that the message must be true, truthfully reflect the real situation, and have factual integrity. The interactive attribute recognizes the process of feedback and that everyone has a unique field of experience. Therefore, the spread of morality needs to provide opportunities for feedback and respond positively to it. The nature of exchange emphasizes that people are connected with each other through communication. Therefore, it is necessary to realize the influence that the spread information may have on participants and their relationships. Finally, the attribute of social construction emphasizes that communication can create social reality. Therefore, to regard communication as a process of social construction requires special attention to two points: strength and restraint. Power refers to the power and freedom to use communication to create the social reality people want. But at the same time, we must realize that the social reality they create may be a "cage" and face the constraints or restrictions of social reality. Therefore, the same is true of the process of hoping to achieve change and create new social reality through communication, which always contains both strength and constraints.

社交媒体影响社会的类型和主要因素

为什么在有些国家和地区，以社交媒体为代表的新型媒体产生了很大的影响，而在另一些国家和地区的影响却没有那么明显呢？这是因为新型媒体对不同类型的国家地区、社会形态的影响是不一样的。关于以社交媒体为代表的新型媒体对社会影响的不同情况，相关研究将其归纳为四种类型。第一种是“核武器型”，认为新型媒体对社会的影响会导致社会全面的、颠覆性的突变。比如，在新型媒体的助推下，有的国家在一夜之间政权发生了更迭，如“阿拉伯之春”“茉莉花革命”“颜色革命”等等。第二种类型，把新型媒体看成是引领和推动激进的社会变革的发动机，因此被称之为“发动机型”。2016年美国总统选举前，学界还普遍认为新型媒体的“核武器型”和“发动机型”的影响通常发生在不发达国家，或是政治体制趋于专制型或威权型的国家。然而特朗普赢得2016年美国总统选举证明了实际情况并非如此。特朗普利用社交媒体的影响力来宣传自己的竞选主张，与反对他的主流媒体博弈，从而战胜对手，赢得了选举。It can be said that without new media, it is difficult for Trump to win in the 2016 general election. This example shows that the influence of new media is not limited to underdeveloped countries and authoritarian and authoritarian societies, but may also occur in economically developed countries and politically open societies.

The third type of social impact of new media represented by social media is "catalyst type", that is, new media promotes and promotes various forms or degrees of social transformation. Social transformation and social change are different in theoretical meaning. Samuel huntington also defined social transformation in his book Clash of Civilizations and Reconstruction of World Order (Huntingdon, 1996). Social transformation is different from social change, and social change is also different from social revolution. There is a strict distinction between the three. The reason why the new media is called "catalyst" means that although the new media itself is not a subject leading the change, it can or can be used as an important or huge promoting force to promote social transformation under the guidance of other social factors.

The fourth type of social impact of new media, represented by social media, is "platform type", that is, it is believed that the emergence of such new media has produced or expanded public space in society. In the past, it was generally believed that this type of influence appeared more in western society. But in recent years, this influence is not limited to western society.

In addition to the four types discussed above, there is a fifth type of influence of new media on society, namely "lubricant type". As China has been advocating in recent years, the development of new media is conducive to enhancing and promoting communication between the government and the public, thus enhancing mutual understanding and communication effect, enhancing mutual trust and transparency of social governance. As a public space and social communication platform, new media has become a new field for the public to express their opinions. At present, China is in the stage of social transformation, and the lubricant function of new media is urgently needed to be borrowed and applied to practice.

This involves an important question, that is, what factors determine the influence of new media represented by social media on society? Why do some play a more positive role, while others play a more negative role? To answer this question from the theoretical level, generally speaking, it mainly depends on three factors.

First, generally speaking, the extent of media’s influence on society depends on the political structure and social system. The social political structure and social system mentioned here do not involve value judgment, which political structure and which social system are good or bad, but only discuss which political structure and which social system it depends on. If they are in the same political structure and social system, it depends on their development stage at that time. Every society is at a specific stage of development at a time. According to the famous sociologist Rostow’s theoretical model of modernization and socio-economic development (Rostow, 1960), the modernization development of a society can be divided into five stages: the first stage is the basic accumulation stage, the second stage is the economic take-off, the third stage is the sustainable and stable development stage, the fourth stage is the prosperity stage for most people in the whole society, and the last and most important stage is the stage when the society enters a complete social security system. If the society is only in a state of rapid development, a complete social security system will not be built in the end, nor can it be regarded as a real modernization. For those social forms that belong to the same social system, it depends on what stage of development they were in at that time, that is, in the stage of steady development, transformation, or mutation, and so on. In different social systems and different stages of social development, the influence of new media on society and its role are different.

Second, the influence of new media on society also depends on the social role played and assumed by the media. The word "society" in front of "role" emphasizes its overall role at the social level. Take social media as an example, it is usually translated into social media in Chinese, but this translation is limited and misleading, which will make people think that its main function is social. In fact, the main function and role of social media is social. The overall function is social, which does not mean that it has no social function. But the result of its extensive and unprecedented social function is social function. Therefore, the role of new media in a society is also an important factor to determine its influence on society.

Third, the influence of new media on society depends on its development state and stage in society. In different social forms, new media presents a state of high-speed, low-speed or even "zero development", and correspondingly, its influence on society is also very different. First of all, this influence involves the proportion of new media users to the total population, that is, how many people are using new media in a society. For example, in some African countries, less than one-tenth of people are using new media, so it is difficult to make a big storm for the time being. However, in some societies where more than half or even most people are using new media, its possible social impact is completely different, and its impact may be extremely extensive. Take today’s China as an example. In such a country with a population of more than one billion, the users of new media have reached more than 70% of the total population and more than 90% of the total number of adults. Its influence on society will be incalculable and should be highly valued. Secondly, the influence of new media in a society depends on the quality of new media users, especially young users. At present, a considerable number of users feel that what to do, what to say and how to say in the virtual society is their own right, and they don’t have to be bound by anything, and they don’t have to worry about any consequences. Whether intentionally or unintentionally, this wrong understanding will inevitably lead to irresponsible behavior, which will lead to serious negative social impact. Finally,The influence of new media on a society also depends on the ability of the rulers to manage new media. If the rulers are poor in management or lack of management experience, new media may become a "catalyst" for the color revolution; On the other hand, if well managed, it may become a "lubricant" to promote social communication and social harmony.

The era of communication has come, are we ready?

From the information age to the communication age, there are two basic conditions: one is the necessary condition, that is, the technical foundation of new communication and information technology; The other is sufficient conditions, that is, political and social needs and the requirements of the society at a specific social stage. At present, the era of communication has arrived, but are we ready? Judging from the situation in China, efforts should be made to improve and perfect it in the following three aspects.

First of all, the system of laws and regulations. In recent years, although the laws, regulations, policies, regulations, systems and articles of association that are closely related to the communication behavior of new media and its users are becoming more and more perfect, their effects are not ideal, and their pertinence, timeliness and practical operability are limited, which leads to the need to rely on daily administrative means for management in the later stage, which is not conducive to bringing the management of new media and users’ communication behavior into the track and system of laws and regulations as a whole. There is no perfect system of laws and regulations. In the process of promoting its continuous improvement, we should consider not only the interests of society and the country, but also the development of new media and the rights of its users, so as to make overall plans and take a long-term view.

Second, social media users. A healthy and good communication era needs a healthy and orderly communication field and social environment, and the formation of this environment depends on the good moral cognition and media literacy of social media users. At present, some users believe that since the media era, everyone has their own voice platform, and they can freely choose what they want to say, how to say it, and when to say it, as if they are in a "carnival" with no time limit and no restrictions. In fact, "everyone is a communicator" is also a double-edged sword. While it brings the diversity and equality of communication, it may also bring the mixed and disorderly communication behavior, irresponsible social communication and even intentional social chaos. Due to the lack of necessary media literacy education and self-discipline and discipline in the face of laws and regulations, the media era often presents a state of disorder and chaos. According to statistics, hundreds of millions of false information are flooding in cyberspace every day, which not only seriously pollutes the virtual world, but also seriously pollutes the real world in which we live. Network governance has reached the point where it can’t be cured, cured or cured. However, the ideal communication environment cannot be completely realized by governance; On the contrary, governance can only be an aid, and an orderly cyberspace environment needs to be built on the rationality and sense of responsibility of media users. We should take a "two-pronged" approach, based on a practical system of laws and regulations,With the help of effective media literacy education, we should rely on all users to build a healthy, positive, pluralistic, equal, rational and orderly communication field and environment that is suitable for the communication era.

Finally, the traditional mainstream media. Although social media or self-media are also called media, they also play the role of media, but they cannot replace the functions of traditional media. Traditional media, especially mainstream media, is an indispensable part in the development of social undertakings, reflecting and representing social politics, culture and mainstream values. At present, the influence of the traditional mainstream media in the "communication era" is declining, and more and more people are used to getting information through social media (from the media), which is full of inaccurate, one-sided and extreme information, and even rumors that intentionally confuse people and mislead the public, making it impossible for people to know the truth in time in the noisy and mixed communication field. Therefore, many scholars call this period the "post-truth era" or "no truth" Shi Anbin and Zhang Yaozhong, 2016; Shi Anbin and Yang Yunkang, 2017; Shi Anbin, 2019). At present, the traditional mainstream media should shoulder the unshirkable responsibility of the communication era, actively build a strong communication team and group with professional journalism ability and high social credibility, and provide the truth to the whole society at the first time when news and social events occur. At present, China’s traditional mainstream media still have some room for improvement and efforts in the above aspects. We should actively study and take practical measures to shift the main source of information for the audience from social media/self-media to mainstream media.Actively respond to the new expectations and requirements of the society and the public for the traditional mainstream media in the communication era.

At present, among the three traps that China society needs to avoid, namely "Tacitus Trap", "Thucydides Trap Trap" and "Middle Income Trap", "Tacitus Trap" is the most challenging and needs to be avoided. The formation and development of "Tacitus Trap" is closely related to whether the mainstream media in a society has strong credibility (Pan Zhichang, 2016; 2019). If a country or region lacks mainstream media with broad credibility, it is likely to lead the rulers to fall into the "Tacitus trap"; The mainstream media with broad credibility will, to a great extent, help the rulers stay away from the "Tacitus trap". It is an urgent task to build a powerful, first-class, high-quality and efficient mainstream media with high social credibility. Based on the current reality, China has the foundation, ability and conditions to achieve this task. Compared with the Associated Press, which has been ranked first in the world for nearly a hundred years, Xinhua News Agency has surpassed it in scale and development speed in recent years. At the same time, according to the author’s on-the-spot investigation and research on CNN in the United States and CGTN (China Global Television Network) in China,Compared with CNN, the most widely watched and influential media in the world, CGTN has also achieved a catch-up in many aspects, such as technical equipment and the construction of a "three micro-terminals" new media platform. In addition, in recent years, the number of news communication talents trained and exported by universities in China has far exceeded that of American universities. However, we should also see that although China has many excellent foundations and conditions in hardware, there is still a lot of work to be done to build a strong mainstream media with high social credibility.

To sum up, although the communication era has arrived, we are not fully prepared for the governance of the media environment, the educational guidance of social media/self-media users, and the transformation, growth and development of traditional mainstream media with the times, and there is still considerable room for improvement. We should innovate ideas and measures, strive to adapt to and actively respond to the new requirements and challenges of this new era.

Concluding remarks

The arrival of information age comes from the appearance of information technology, and the arrival of communication age comes from the appearance of new communication technology. The new media represented by social media has the characteristics of indiscriminate intervention, instantaneous communication, high participation and deep interaction, as well as universal, global and holographic, which has led human society into a new era.

The information age has failed to fundamentally change the structure and mode of communication, and the communication behavior is mainly one-way reception and acquisition and "being told", which has different degrees of time and space limitations; The communication era has fundamentally changed the structure and mode of communication, making communication behavior bidirectional, multi-line, dynamic, diverse, interactive, participatory and undifferentiated. It is a kind of behavior and social existence that makes communication more meaningful and has the power to accelerate the development of individuals and society in a more positive direction. In other words, the information age emphasizes the role of information, which is regarded as a material and technical means; In the era of communication, the role of communication is more emphasized, and communication is regarded as a way of life, behavior and thinking. In a sense, in the information age, the role of society is more important; In the era of communication, the role of self/id is more important. The transition from the information age to the communication age, to some extent, shows a major change from the emphasis on "being spread by others" in the past to the emphasis on "spreading to others", more emphasis on initiative rather than passivity, and more emphasis on self/id (including this group, this organization, this enterprise, this unit, this community, this country, etc.). In addition, the main feature of the information age is the mass production of information, and information itself is an economy or industry, even a major economy or industry; Entering the communication era, the characteristics of the information age still exist, but more emphasis is placed on how to spread information.The ability of communication is emphasized. To some extent, communication ability refers to good or good communication, bad or not good enough, poor or very poor; Effective or efficient, inefficient, ineffective or negative. This is a new era that emphasizes the importance of communication and communication power. Therefore, in many cases, whether it can spread successfully, quickly and effectively is often more important than whether it has information. If you have information but can’t spread it, or you can’t spread it effectively, it’s not very different from not having information.

It should be pointed out that such a change does not mean that we no longer want to be informed, nor does it mean that we should completely deny the information age. The need to inform still exists. We have not got rid of the past, and we cannot and cannot get rid of it. On the contrary, in the face of the arrival of new things, we must integrate the old things into the new ones, use them in new ways, and learn to feel and use the new power brought by the new communication era. We need to better understand, recognize and adapt to this new era, and be competent and complete the historical responsibility and great mission entrusted by the new era.

Now most countries in the world have entered the era of communication, and everything around us has been inseparable from social media for a moment. The new media, represented by social media, opened the communication era through the functions of dialogue, interaction and participation, and expanded rapidly around the world. The essential meaning of the word "social" in social media is social communication and social communication, which is also the core content of the word "communication" in the communication era. In the information age, information is the lifeblood of social development and progress, whether for society or individuals. Therefore, how to speed up the development of the information field and how to enable individuals to obtain information more quickly has become the key for individuals and society to achieve better development (Shirazi &Keivani, 2019; Iftody, Sumara & Davis, 2011）。 After the information age, the gap between countries, regions and individuals in obtaining information — — That is, the so-called information gap — — It has been greatly reduced, which also puts forward new requirements for improving communication ability and communication effect. In the era of communication, how to achieve more effective communication and improve communication ability and effect after mastering and obtaining information has become the key to promote individual and social development and progress. Based on these unprecedented changes and status quo, it is particularly urgent and important to make a systematic and in-depth study of the communication era.

According to the latest 47th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China issued by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), by December 2020, the number of netizens in China had reached 989 million. At present, the omnipresence, omnipotence and non-use of information have made profound changes in the ecology of public opinion, the pattern of media and the mode of communication, and the work of news public opinion is facing new challenges. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader (2019) pointed out: "It is necessary to use the achievements of the information revolution to promote the in-depth development of media integration, enlarge and strengthen mainstream public opinion, and consolidate the common ideological foundation of the United struggle of the whole party and the people of the whole country, in order to realize ‘ Two hundred years ’ The Chinese dream of striving for the goal and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation provides strong spiritual strength and public opinion support. " It is necessary to scientifically understand the communication law in the communication era, accelerate the development of media integration, make the mainstream media have strong communication, guidance, influence and credibility, make all the people closely United in ideals, beliefs, values and moral concepts, and make the biggest variable of new media become the biggest increment of career development. Unified planning, unified deployment, unified promotion and unified implementation should be made, and efforts should be made to build a long-term stability and grow the industry of governance, so as to build China, a big country with new media, into a powerful country with new media.

At present, the new media represented by social media is still developing and changing with each passing day, and its influence is increasingly extensive and in-depth, which will change people’s life behavior and way of thinking to a greater extent and in a wider range, and continue to promote the continuous reorganization and adjustment of social structure, thus affecting and even influencing the process and mode of social development and change. These situations have been confirmed by many countries and regions around the world. In this regard, we should more objectively, comprehensively and rationally understand and recognize the communication era brought by new media, and make use of its advantages to achieve better development. In a word, we should keep pace with the times, be open and inclusive, and strive to adapt to this new era of communication.

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Editor/Zhang Bei

Are We Ready for Transitioning from the Information Age to the Communication Age?

Hong Junhao

Abstract: The human society is biding farewell to the information age and entering a new age – the communication age. The multiple attributes of commun ication have been developing and evolving, and have gone through the development stages of transmission attribute, interaction attribute, exchange attribute and social development attribute. In the communication age, for the first time in history, people are not only the existence of bodies, but also the existence of numbers; at the same time, the public opinion ecosystem, the media pattern and the mode of communication are undergoing profound changes. We should objectively, comprehensively and rationally understand the laws governing communication in the communication age, actively undertake the new obligations and responsibilities imposed by the new era, and strive to build a healthy, pluralistic, equal and orderly communication space and environment suitable for the communication age, so as to make new media, which is the largest variable, become the largest contributor in promoting social development.

Keywords: information age, communication age, communication effect, mainstream media, social media

In winter, there are frequent activities of various wildlife groups, which is also a rampant period of illegal hunting and poaching. Forestry and Grass Bureaus and Forest Public Security Bureaus all over the province have launched a special campaign of "clearing mountains and clearing sets". Recently, local rangers and police in Raohe County have successfully rescued a wild roe deer that has been "hunted".

Raohe County Forestry and Grass Bureau and Forest Public Security Bureau jointly launched a special crackdown on wildlife resources protection throughout the county, and set up six patrol teams with more than 100 patrolmen to further crack down on illegal and criminal acts of destroying wildlife resources and ensure the safety of wildlife habitats through a wide range of clearing mountains and sets. In the application area of Majiazi Forest Farm,The patrolman and the police found that an adult female roe deer was tightly strangled by the hunting cover and could not get away. The roe deer gave a cry of pain.The more it struggled, the tighter the hunting cover around its waist, and everyone immediately stepped forward to rescue it.

After investigation,This is a kind of hunting cover made by hunters and specially used for hunting wild animals such as roe deer.It is surrounded by a wire ring. When the prey "enters the set", the more it struggles, the tighter it becomes until it is exhausted and dies. But this innocent "trick" roe deer was found in time, and there was no obvious trauma on it after careful examination. Subsequently, the patrolman and the police rescued the wild roe deer from the hunting cover and released it to nature, and cleaned up an illegal hunting tool at the scene and around.

The roe deer is called the "Northeast God beast"The saying "silly roe deer" is widely known. It is not only to protect animals, but also included in the list of endangered species of the World Conservation Union. Any act of hunting roe deer is illegal, and hunting, trading and eating wild roe deer are strictly prohibited.

Since the autumn of this year, the local government has carried out joint law enforcement against poaching, and continued to intensify the crackdown on illegal crimes of destroying wildlife resources. Up to now, a total of12 special crackdown operations were carried out, and more than 100 hunting sets, 12 hunting clips, 4 adhesive nets, 12 bird cages and 3 power grids were seized and collected.The phenomenon of illegal hunting has been significantly reduced.

Reporter Wang Tiejun

CCTV News:The Ministry of Ecology and Environment held a regular press conference today (June 29). According to the relevant person in charge, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other four departments recently jointly issued the Scoring Rules for Water Ecological Assessment Indicators in the Yangtze River Basin (Trial) to carry out the pilot work of water ecological assessment in the Yangtze River Basin.

The assessment of water ecology in the Yangtze River basin focuses on the health of water ecosystem and the restoration of biodiversity, and coordinates the management of water resources, water environment and water ecology. Fifty water bodies have been identified in the main stream, main tributaries and key lakes and reservoirs of the Yangtze River, and water ecological monitoring and evaluation have been carried out by regions and classifications. The Scoring Rules are classified and evaluated according to rivers, lakes and reservoirs. According to the comprehensive evaluation score, the comprehensive evaluation of water ecology is divided into three grades: excellent, good and general. 2022— In 2024, pilot water ecological assessment will be carried out in 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in the Yangtze River Basin to determine the assessment base, and the first assessment will be carried out in 2025.

New progress has been made in the investigation and rectification of sewage outlets entering the river into the sea

At the regular press conference of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the relevant person in charge also introduced that up to now, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has solidly promoted the investigation and rectification of sewage outlets entering the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Bohai Sea, effectively promoting the "clear water defense war" to achieve phased results.

Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has comprehensively carried out the investigation and supervision of the investigation and rectification of the sewage outlets of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, organized the on-site investigation of the Shanxi section, Weihe River and Shichuan River of the main stream of the Yellow River, and guided Henan and Shandong to independently complete the manual foot investigation, initially approving more than 27,000 sewage outlets of the main stream and some important branches of the Yellow River.

Up to now, more than 47,000 sewage outlets into the Yangtze River have been rectified, with a completion rate of over 80%, exceeding the work target in 2023 ahead of schedule; The improvement progress of sewage outlets in pilot areas such as Gansu section of the Yellow River, Huangshui River and Fenhe River has exceeded 60%, and the overall completion progress in the middle and upper reaches is close to 50%; The completion rate of sewage outfall remediation in Bohai Sea reached 84.29%.

■ Major Typical Reports of Pioneers in Educational Reform

Walk 10 kilometers northwest from the main city of Tongzhou District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, and cross the lush farmland from the country road, and you will see a high school-Xiting High School. On the taxi to the school, the driver told the reporter that the child should work a little harder to get into this school. "There is nothing wrong with the last one." This rural high school is simple and orderly, surrounded by villages, but it has a great reputation and good reputation in the local area.

In Nantong, every time the college entrance examination is over, the people will habitually wait for the good news. Like Xiting Middle School, 40 county high schools have supported the reputation of "Jiangsu for national education and Nantong for Jiangsu education" and the reputation of "the hometown of education" in Nantong.

Over the years, Nantong has always been committed to promoting the overall coordinated development of ordinary senior high schools in counties and urban areas, strengthening policy design, optimizing education governance, strengthening the responsibility of city and county governments to guarantee, optimizing the social environment for the development of counties, striving to run every county in the region well, promoting the development of high-quality characteristics, enabling counties and counties to have more than one good high school that people are satisfied with, and allowing students to enjoy high-quality high school education with high-quality characteristics locally, thus forming a good ecology of "each county has its own beauty, beauty and beauty".

Educators run schools and let professionals do professional things.

Haian Middle School, Qidong Middle School, rugao middle school, Haimen Middle School, Rudong Middle School … Nantong has a long list of national famous high schools, but there are not many so-called "online celebrity" principals flying all over the place.

What is the reason for it In 2022, Cheng Bin, director of Nantong Education Bureau, hit the nail on the head at the general high school education work conference: Nantong advocated educators to run schools, not social activists to run schools.

At present, there are 48 ordinary high schools in the city, including 40 county high schools, accounting for 83.33%, and most of them have been four-star high schools. The quality of running a four-star high school recognized by Jiangsu is very high. In the eyes of local people, so many good high schools mean that "children can have more opportunities to go to colleges and universities", but the principals of these high-quality high schools rarely show their faces in major forums across the country.

In Cheng Bin’s view, the key to the governance of county ordinary high schools lies in the principal, and "the principal should take the school as his home", "sit still", manage the team well, bring the team well and run the school well; We should "grasp accurately", focus on curriculum, focus on classroom and focus on curriculum reform; We should "rush ahead" and be the leader of teachers and students’ thoughts, personality and teaching in the whole school.

This idea of "educators running schools" is deeply rooted in Nantong, especially with the strong support of the municipal party Committee and the municipal government. At the administrative level, most county principals in Nantong are at the director level, at the same level as the county party secretary, and they are all "city management cadres" appointed by the organization department of the municipal party Committee.

However, in the selection of principals, Nantong has always selected comrades who are proficient in business, good at management and recognized by the masses as principals and secretaries.

This is inseparable from the profound understanding of education by local party committees and governments at all levels-professional people do professional things. Successive leaders of the municipal party committee and municipal government have said that Nantong is the hometown of education and has a fine tradition of respecting education. Zhang Jian’s concept of "father education and mother industry" has always been the source of strength for Nantong’s local development.

Reflected in the running of county high schools, party committees and governments at all levels are committed to running "real schools" and fully support "educators" to run schools well. According to statistics, the financial input of ordinary senior high schools in Nantong counties has been increasing continuously, with an annual increase of more than 15% in the past three years, and the average public budget for education has reached 35,333 yuan.

Every year, the secretary of Nantong Municipal Party Committee and the mayor will specially arrange time to have a discussion with the representatives of high school principals. He Yijun, secretary of Rugao Municipal Party Committee, visited the high school for many times to coordinate and support the development of the school and express condolences to teachers and students. The Baipu Town Government, where Baipu High School is located in this city, distributed 1.3 million yuan for the high-quality development award of education for the school. Hai ‘an Municipal Government has invested 33 million yuan to build a gymnasium and other facilities for Qutang Senior High School in the past three years. Mayor Tan Zhen made it clear to the principal: "The local government that spends money will solve it. You are the principal, go into battle lightly and pay attention to teaching! "

"In Nantong, leaders at all levels have reached a very high level of understanding of education, especially the governance of county-level ordinary high schools." Regarding this phenomenon, Zhu Quanzhong, deputy director of Nantong Education Bureau, said that party committees and governments at all levels have deeply realized that the governance of county high schools has unusual political significance, pointing to common prosperity and being closely linked with rural revitalization. On the other hand, the development source of county economy is in the countryside. "The collapse of rural education often means the decline of rural economy, and the schools in rural areas will be prosperous around them."

Strictly control students’ "entry and exit" and put an end to pinching enrollment.

When the principals of Nantong go out to communicate with the outside world, they will always reveal a detail that surprises the audience: since the 1980s, Nantong has insisted on enrolling students within counties, and it is forbidden to enroll students across regions, and it is forbidden to recruit students from high-quality high schools in urban areas to counties (cities, districts).

Territorial enrollment is Nantong’s first move to ensure the quality of county high schools. In Zhu Quanzhong’s view, "this policy is one of the cores of maintaining competitiveness in Nantong regional counties and the basis for Nantong to promote the development of ordinary high schools in counties".

Zhu Quanzhong introduced that in the compulsory education stage, Nantong schools strictly enrolled students by region, and were not allowed to select students from different regions, so as to "protect the seedlings" for the senior middle school. At the same time, the county middle school students were strictly "in and out of the customs", and abnormal transfer was strictly examined, and supervision was extended to the compulsory education stage, and the system guarantee of "territorial enrollment" was established.

Nantong is bordered by the Yellow Sea in the east and the Yangtze River in the south, and is invited by lights from Shanghai and Suzhou. It has a vibrant economy and frequent population movements in generate. However, the reporter found in the interview that the concept of balanced development for a long time has kept the students in all counties (cities, districts) and junior high schools and primary schools basically stable. Nantong people rarely have the habit of running from the countryside to the city when they go to school, and many township schools are just as lively.

Grasping the source of students, Nantong’s county-level ordinary high school governance also has the corresponding second measure-to protect the teaching staff. "Teachers are the’ first resource’ for sustained and high-quality development in the county." Zhu Quanzhong introduced that in the long-term educational exploration and practice, Nantong has strictly regulated the cross-regional flow of teachers to guide schools around the country to focus on their own team building, and a team of teachers with "upright style, good teaching and retention" has been formed in all counties.

In his view, the benefits are obvious: maintaining the educational ecology of the whole city and giving the most basic guarantee for the development of high schools in all counties, the management direction of the school can remain unchanged for a long time, from "grasping students and teachers" to focusing on education.

At the same time, at the municipal level, Nantong has also integrated resources and established a "turnover pool" with a total of 3,980 municipal teachers to realize the dynamic management of teacher allocation. In all counties (cities, districts), the ratio of students to teachers in general high schools is appropriately optimized, and some counties (districts) even reach 8: 1. Local party committees and governments take the initiative to innovate mechanisms and increase investment to attract outstanding talents to teach in counties. The Education Steering Committee of the municipal government dynamically monitors the allocation of teachers around the country, and sends them to all localities in the form of "notification" or "reminder letter" to promote mutual learning and adequate allocation of teachers in counties. The "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Tongzhou Education" issued by Tongzhou District in 2022 also clarified that four-star ordinary high schools can recruit outstanding teachers independently, and schools can directly interview and sign contracts according to regulations.

Managing students well and then standardizing the construction of excellent teachers have laid the foundation for the development of ordinary high schools in Nantong county and created a commendable educational phenomenon: there has never been a problem of "one school coming out and a group of schools falling down" in Nantong.

"There is no market in Nantong for the practice of smashing teachers and then smashing students." Cheng Bin said that when the quality of education and teaching in all schools has reached a high level, and the people no longer worry about choosing a school, good students and good teachers will naturally "relocate", and the school’s own development and the quality of students will be virtuous, thus achieving a real educational balance. "This is the root cause of the’ crowding phenomenon’ in Nantong county high schools."

Fine management, find a suitable development path for each high school.

Qutang Senior High School is located in Qutang Town, the westernmost part of Hai ‘an City. This 70-year-old school has trained many academicians and entrepreneurs. In the past 10 years, with the advancement of urbanization, the local population has become less and less, but none of the teachers in this rural high school have left their jobs, and the ranks of people are very stable.

"We have made a lot of achievements in running schools these years, and there is really no special trick. As a rural school, the most fundamental thing is to continue the school culture." Gu Qinghua, president of Qutang Senior High School, said that from the late 1980s to the present, the school has always emphasized service and tried every means to create good working conditions for teachers. "The overall style is unpretentious and down-to-earth, and the style of study, teaching style and school spirit are very positive."

Similar to Qutang High School, during the interview in Nantong, the reporter found that the campus governance of county high schools has obvious characteristics. "Low-key and pragmatic" fully condensed the connotation of high quality of Nantong county high schools: low-key management education, not following the trend, keeping normal, insisting on making simple things not simple and ordinary things extraordinary.

This kind of "low-key and pragmatic" contains the secret of Nantong high school’s high-quality development-refined management. Nantong educators once had a saying that shocked the whole country: sweeping the floor should also be the first in the country! This sentence comes from the late Yao Zhiping, the "civilian principal" of Bencha Middle School. Under his leadership, this remote rural high school has made brilliant achievements in running schools. This sentence is precisely the refined campus governance of Nantong county high schools. Its core essence is: to find a suitable development path for each high school and pay attention to the development of each student.

"Conventional management forms a plateau, and exquisite management forms a peak." Liu Yonghong, the headmaster of Baipu Middle School, told the reporter that there is no secret behind the school performance. The key lies in the implementation of daily management. The goal and pursuit of running a school must be consistently implemented in all levels of the class. "When a class only focuses on students’ learning, it will be finished. It is unscientific and irregular to repeat and squeeze in time. "

"The quality of teaching is managed." Cheng Bin said that the essence of school management lies in the effective integration of various resources such as education, teaching, scientific research, logistics, teachers and students and external factors, and the construction of a "five-in-one" whole-process management model. "County high schools in Nantong have been focusing on quality for survival and development for decades, and the level of refinement, science and institutionalization has been greatly improved.

In order to provide high-quality education for every student, all county high schools in Nantong implement hierarchical teaching according to students’ needs and class characteristics, and implement two-track system or three-track system when choosing classes to improve the pertinence of teaching. Schools set up special files for students, and hand over files step by step with the progress of students, so as to provide more suitable help to students. At the same time, the management mechanism of grade department has been established in all counties in Nantong, and the principals in charge are in charge of both grades and grades, realizing "line-surface integration and linkage" and improving management efficiency.

In Xiting Middle School in Tongzhou District, the school has arranged dormitories for all teachers. Half of the teachers live in the school all the year round. The school carefully arranges the "guidance and care worksheet", and the school-level leaders lead the team every day. From students entering the school in the morning to going to bed at night, every time period and every regional point is guarded by teachers.

"Fine management is also reflected in not demanding uniformity and not mentioning patterning. Different disciplines, different periods and different students have different strategies. Everything starts from reality. " Dong Yuhua, the principal of Hai ‘an Middle School, said that it is impossible to have long-term high quality by grasping teaching and talking about scores. In his view, "how high the peak is, how solid the foundation must be". The reason why the school is so evaluated by the society lies in that people in the sea have always adhered to professional common sense, the routine of education and the normality of life.

Xu Weijun is the vice president in charge of teaching in Matang Middle School in Rudong County, and he has been sinking directly into the grade group. He introduced that in the grade group, we should grasp three lines-the team of the class teacher, the team of the preparation team leader and the student team. "To what extent is the management fine? Every time we finish the exam, we have to deal with small points at the first time and then give feedback to each teacher. The class teacher should call the subject teachers to open an analysis meeting, and each student’s recent state and how to improve must be clear. "

Behind these meticulous practices, we are adhering to the concept of following the teaching law and the growth law of students. In Dong Yuhua’s words, running a school should be determined, management should not be tossed, teachers should have autonomy in teaching, and children should have a sense of happiness in reading. "We are convinced that any words and deeds that deviate from the law of education and the law of human development, even if we get more flowers and applause, are meaningless."

"To achieve high-quality development in the county, the optimization of external education ecology is the external cause, and the potential tapping of school internal management is the internal cause." Cheng Bin concluded that innovation and practice, fine management and iterative upgrading of management system in the process of promoting the high-quality development of schools in all counties have presented an institutional adaptation ecology of "flexibility and integrity".

China Education News, 1st edition, July 11th, 2023.　

　　In 2023, the 9th issue of Qiushi magazine published the important article "Speech at the Education Conference on Studying and Implementing the Theme of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era of the Supreme Leader" by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader. The article points out that the party’s theoretical armed work can’t be formal, but must continue to go deeper and deeper. today，Dangjian. comCombing some important related expositions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, I invite you to study and comprehend together.

　　The party’s theoretical armed work can’t be formal, but must continue to go deeper and deeper.

　　If we want to win the advantage, win the initiative, win the future, and overcome all kinds of obstacles and stumbling blocks on the way forward, we must take Marxism as an expert, think about and grasp a series of major problems facing future development with a broader vision and a longer-term vision, and constantly improve the ability of the whole party to use Marxism to analyze and solve practical problems, and constantly improve the ability to use scientific theories to guide us to deal with major challenges, resist major risks, overcome major obstacles and solve major contradictions.

　　— — On September 29, 2017, the Supreme Leader delivered a speech at the 43rd collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee.

　　Theoretical accomplishment is the core of leading cadres’ comprehensive quality, theoretical maturity is the basis of political maturity, and political firmness stems from theoretical sobriety. For leading cadres, the more firmly they master Marxism, the higher their political position, the stronger their political judgment, political understanding and political execution, and the more active they are in observing the current situation, planning development and preventing and resolving risks.

　　— — On March 1, 2023, the supreme leader’s speech at the celebration meeting of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Central Party School and the opening ceremony of the spring semester in 2023 is still an arduous task. On the one hand, there are still some problems that need to be paid attention to in terms of learning, believing and using, learning and understanding. Some party member and cadres are not interested in theoretical study, so they can’t learn, and they learn to go through the formalities; Some studies are not systematic and in-depth, with a little knowledge and a little taste, but they don’t know why; Some of them are divorced from learning and application, and they are not good at translating their learning results into the practical skills of entrepreneurs, and so on. These problems show that the party’s theoretical armed work can’t be formal, and it must continue to go deeper and deeper.

　　— — The Supreme Leader’s Important Article "Speech at the Education Work Conference on Studying and Implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era"

　　Take systematically mastering the basic theory of Marxism as an ace in the hole.

　　To cultivate a "indestructible body", we must arm our minds with scientific theories and constantly cultivate our spiritual home. For leading cadres, especially senior cadres, it is necessary to systematically master the basic theory of Marxism as an ace in the hole. Wang Guowei, a famous scholar, discusses that there are three realms of scholarship: first, "last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the end of the world"; Second, "I will not regret the gradual widening of my belt, and I will be haggard for Iraq"; Third, "the crowd looked for him for thousands of Baidu, and suddenly looked back, but the man was in the dim light." Leading cadres’ learning theory should also have these three realms. First of all, theoretical study should have the lofty pursuit of "looking to the end of the world", endure the coldness of "the west wind withered the green trees last night" and the loneliness of "being alone in a tall building", and settle down and study hard; Secondly, we should study hard, study hard, work hard, and work hard, even if our clothes are getting wider, we will never regret it, and we will be willing to be haggard. Thirdly, it is important for theoretical learning to think independently, combine learning with application, learn something, use something, and "look for him in the crowd" in learning and practice, and finally "suddenly look back".Understand the true meaning in the "dim light".

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work on August 19, 2013

　　In theoretical study, first, we should take the initiative to learn. The central and state organs have heavy responsibilities and complicated tasks, so it is not enough to concentrate on study only during working hours. We must strengthen our study consciousness, enhance our endogenous motivation to study and study hard in our spare time. Every inch of baht accumulates, and it will be a month, so that it can come naturally and be integrated. The second is to follow up the study in time. When the CPC Central Committee makes new decisions and plans and issues new documents, it must learn and understand them at the first time, form the habit of reading current political reports and important comments of People’s Daily, watching CCTV news broadcast and reading Qiushi magazine, and learn online and offline synchronously, so as to follow up on learning, understanding and action. The third is to connect with practical learning. Carry forward the style of study of integrating theory with practice, closely integrate thoughts with work practice, and take studying and solving problems as the focus of study, and never sit and talk about the Tao and empty the air. The fourth is to believe in learning. We should learn and believe, change from gradual realization to epiphany, master Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method, learn firm belief and learn mission responsibility. We must learn and act, apply what we have learned and practice, and implement the learning results to do our job well and promote career development.

　　— — On July 9, 2019, the Supreme Leader delivered a speech at the Party Building Work Conference of the Central and State Organs.

　　Insist on reading the original text to understand the principle, think more, learn deeply and thoroughly, and comprehensively study and understand the scientific system, essence and practical requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, so as to achieve overall grasp and mastery.

　　— — The Supreme Leader’s Important Article "Speech at the Education Work Conference on Studying and Implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era"

　　The purpose of studying Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era lies in its application.

　　Leading cadres should strengthen their theoretical cultivation, thoroughly study the basic theories of Marxism, learn to understand and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, master the dialectical materialist world outlook and methodology that runs through it, improve their abilities of strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, innovative thinking, rule of law thinking and bottom line thinking, be good at grasping laws from complicated contradictions, and constantly accumulate experience and increase their talents.

　　— — On January 21, 2019, the top leader delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels on adhering to the bottom line thinking and focusing on preventing and resolving major risks. The purpose of learning Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is to apply it and turn it into a powerful ideological weapon to transform the subjective world and the objective world. In this theme education, party member and cadres, especially leading cadres at all levels, should take the initiative to put their thoughts into it, learn and master a series of requirements of the party’s innovation theory on strengthening ideals and beliefs, enhancing ideological realm and strengthening party spirit training, including Do not forget your initiative mind, keeping in mind the mission, keeping in mind "the country is the biggest", improving political judgment, political understanding, political execution, "three strictness and three realities", being loyal and clean, being pragmatic and honest for the people, and so on, and always maintain it. In particular, we should turn the world outlook, methodology and standpoint and method running through this thought into our own ideological weapon, internalizing it in our hearts and externalizing it in our actions. 　　— — On March 30th, 2023, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the fourth collective study in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee should consciously practice Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, so as to transform the objective world, promote career development, observe the times, grasp the times, lead the times, actively adapt to changes, solve various contradictions in economic and social development and party building, and prevent and resolve major risks.Promote Chinese modernization and make new progress and breakthroughs. 　　— — The Supreme Leader’s Important Article "Speech at the Education Work Conference on Studying and Implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era"

According to Kyodo News reported on April 15th, Tokyo Electric Power Company plans to start loading nuclear fuel into the reactor of an idle nuclear power plant in northwest Tokyo on the 15th to prepare for the possibility of restarting the nuclear power plant.
According to the report, the Japan Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission approved the loading work of Unit 7 of the Kashiwazaki Yuki Nuclear Power Plant in Niigata Prefecture earlier that day, but the restart time is still uncertain.

TEPCO said that it plans to start operations at around 4 pm on the 15th.
The governor of Niigata Prefecture, Hideki Huajiao, has not yet made a statement on whether he will approve the restart of the reactor. It is rare for nuclear power plant operators to start filling reactors without local consent. Hideki Huajiao has been calling for extensive discussions on how to ensure the safety of residents in the event of a nuclear accident.

Since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in March 2011, reactors in other parts of Japan have been restarted only after obtaining local approval.
Because of its exposed safety defects, the Japan Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission issued a ban on its operation. The ban came into effect from April 2021 until it was lifted in December last year.

The nuclear power plant is composed of seven reactors, spanning Kashiwazaki City and Miyuki Village in Niigata Prefecture, with a total installed capacity of about 8,212 MW. It is one of the largest nuclear power plants in the world and the largest nuclear power plant in Japan.

In addition, on the 15th, when Unit 7 of Tokyo Electric Power Kashiwazaki Yuki Nuclear Power Plant began to fill with fuel, the anxiety in Niigata Prefecture, where it is located, warmed up. The memory of the destruction of houses caused by the earthquake in Nengden Peninsula is still close at hand, and now it seems that we should always worry about whether we can escape from the refuge in the face of the compound disaster of nuclear power plant accidents and natural disasters. Local residents have criticized it as "scheduled to restart long ago" and said "unable to agree". On the morning of the 15th, a protest was held in front of the Niigata headquarters of TEPCO in Niigata’s central district. (Compile/Xiong Wenyuan)

recent days

Issued by the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau

On the application of personal income tax of commercial health insurance

Notice on Relevant Matters of Preferential Policy Products "

Tax incentives and new policies.

It will be officially implemented on August 1.

△ official website, State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau

What are the key contents?

Knock on the blackboard!

Focus on:

1. These commercial health insurances can also be deducted before tax.

The scope of commercial health insurance products subject to personal income tax preferential policies will be expanded to the main types of commercial health insurance, including medical insurance, long-term care insurance and sickness insurance.

Note: the insurance period or guaranteed renewal period of medical insurance is not less than 3 years; The insurance period of long-term care insurance and sickness insurance is not less than 5 years.

Analysis: From the original medical insurance, it has expanded to include medical insurance, long-term care insurance and sickness insurance.

Relevant preferential policies: Commercial health insurance with personal income tax preferential policies is allowed to be deducted before tax when calculating taxable income in the current year (month), with a limit of 2,400 yuan/year (200 yuan/month).

2. Expand the group of product insured.

The insured of commercial health insurance to which preferential policies are applicable may be the applicant himself or his spouse, children or parents.

3. Different protection schemes are allowed for people with previous diseases.

1) The coverage of medical insurance should be well connected with the basic medical insurance, and the protection of reasonable medical expenses should be strengthened. For the applicant who applies the preferential tax policy of commercial health insurance to insure himself, he shall not refuse to insure or be liable because of his past medical history. Different protection schemes can be set up for people with previous diseases to make fair and reasonable pricing. Medical expenses insurance for treating specific diseases, or medical expenses insurance for treating specific diseases and medical devices are not subject to this requirement.

2) Long-term care insurance should provide targeted care for people of different ages. Encourage the development of products for people with past diseases and the elderly. Encourage the development of products that meet the life-long security needs of working people. Encourage the exploration of payment methods suitable for home care, community care and institutional care.

3) Sickness insurance should set a reasonable scope and duration of protection responsibility, so as to effectively enhance the product support capability. Encourage the development of products for people with past diseases and the elderly.

4. Establish an information account for collecting and recording commercial health insurance.

The information platform establishes an information account for the policyholders of commercial health insurance with personal income tax preferential policies, and generates a unique identification code, which is used to collect and record all relevant information of commercial health insurance with personal income tax preferential policies insured by the policyholders, and supports the policyholders to deduct personal income tax before tax in accordance with relevant regulations.

Note: the identification code and the insurance contract are independent of each other.

5. A life insurance company that meets the following conditions may carry out related business.

Personal insurance companies that meet the following conditions can carry out commercial health insurance business that is applicable to individual income tax preferential policies: the owner’s equity at the end of last year is not less than 3 billion yuan; At the end of last year, the comprehensive solvency adequacy ratio is not less than 120%, and the core solvency adequacy ratio is not less than 60%; The coverage rate of the liability reserve at the end of the previous year shall not be less than 100%; Have a business management system that meets the requirements, and complete the system docking with the commercial health insurance information platform.

Note: A health insurance company with prominent main business, standardized business development and sound internal management mechanism may be exempted from the restriction in the first paragraph of this article.

6 focus on investigating the following illegal acts

The General Administration of Financial Supervision and its dispatched offices shall strengthen the daily supervision of commercial health insurance with preferential policies for individual income tax, maintain normal market order and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Focus on investigating the following illegal acts:

Falsely stating or exaggerating commercial health insurance products and related personal income tax preferential policies;

Selling inapplicable commercial health insurance products in the name of applicable individual income tax preferential policies; Medical insurance fails to cover people with past illnesses as required; Failing to design commercial health insurance products as required; Failing to carry out business retrospective analysis as required; Other acts recognized by the General Administration of Financial Supervision and its dispatched offices. For problems found in product management, sales management, information disclosure, etc., regulatory measures such as risk warning, regulatory interviews, ordering rectification within a time limit, or administrative punishment shall be taken according to law; Those suspected of committing crimes shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling.

7. Implemented since August 1st this year.

This notice shall be implemented as of August 1 this year.

The Notice of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission on Printing and Distributing the Interim Measures for the Administration of Personal Tax Preferential Health Insurance Business, the Notice of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission on Printing and Distributing the Guidance Framework and Model Clauses of Personal Tax Preferential Health Insurance Products, and the Notice of the General Office of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission on Relevant Matters Concerning the Development of Personal Tax Preferential Health Insurance Business shall be abolished at the same time.

Commercial health insurance products that do not meet the requirements of this notice and are subject to individual income tax preferential policies should stop new business sales from the date of implementation of this notice, and life insurance companies should do a good job in customer service such as follow-up payment and claim settlement of effective policies to protect the legitimate rights and interests of policyholders, insured and beneficiaries.

Tax relief, collection!

1 individual industrial and commercial households, not more than 1 million yuan.

From January 1 this year to December 31, 2024, individual income tax will be levied by half on the part of individual industrial and commercial households whose annual taxable income does not exceed 1 million yuan on the basis of the current preferential policies.

Policy basis: Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Preferential Income Tax Policies for Small and Micro Enterprises and Individual Industrial and Commercial Households.

2. Legal aid subsidies obtained by legal aid personnel

Since January 1, 2022, the legal aid subsidies obtained by legal aid workers in accordance with the provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Legal Aid Law shall be exempted from value-added tax and personal income tax.

When paying legal aid subsidies to legal aid workers, legal aid institutions shall apply for tax exemption declaration of personal income tax and labor remuneration for the subsidized legal aid workers.

Policy basis: Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Tax Policies Concerning Legal Aid Subsidies.

3 do not belong to the nature of wages and salaries subsidies, allowances.

The following subsidies and allowances that do not belong to the nature of wages and salaries, or income that does not belong to the taxpayer’s own wages and salaries, are not taxed: one-child subsidies; Child care subsidy; Travel allowance, meal allowance.

Among them, according to the provisions of the Ministry of Finance, individuals who work in urban and suburban areas on business, can’t go to work or return to eat, and really need to eat out, will receive meal fee according to the actual number of meals missed, and no personal income tax will be levied. Subsidies and allowances paid by some units to employees in the name of meal-missing subsidies shall be incorporated into the income from wages and salaries of the current month and personal income tax shall be levied.

Policy basis: "State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on printing and distributing

<征收个人所得税若干问题的规定>Notice of the Ministry of Finance of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on the issue of determining the scope of meal allowance.

4. Official vehicles, communication subsidy income

Personal income tax shall be calculated and withheld according to the items of "salary and salary" after deducting certain standard official expenses for official vehicles and communication subsidy income obtained by individuals due to the reform of official vehicles and communication system.

The deduction standard of official expenses shall be investigated and calculated by the provincial local taxation bureau according to the actual situation of taxpayers’ official transportation and communication expenses, and shall be determined after being approved by the provincial people’s government and reported to State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China for the record.

Policy basis: Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Policy Issues Concerning Individual Income Tax.

5. Welfare expenses (living allowance)

Living allowance paid to individuals from welfare funds retained by enterprises, institutions, state organs and social organizations or trade union funds shall be exempted from personal income tax. Living allowance refers to the temporary living allowance paid by the employer to the taxpayer from the retained welfare funds or trade union funds according to the provisions of the state because of certain specific events or reasons that cause certain difficulties to the normal life of the taxpayer himself or his family.

Policy basis: Individual Income Tax Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Determining the Scope of Living Allowance.

6. Relief funds and pensions

Relief funds and pensions are exempt from personal income tax. Among them, the relief fund refers to the subsidy paid to individuals by the civil affairs departments of people’s governments at all levels.

Policy basis: Individual Income Tax Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Regulations for the Implementation of Individual Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China.

7. Work injury insurance benefits

The treatment of work-related injury insurance obtained by employees with work-related injuries and their close relatives in accordance with the Regulations on Work-related Injury Insurance shall be exempted from personal income tax. Among them, the treatment of work-related injury insurance includes: one-time disability subsidy, disability allowance, one-time work-related injury medical subsidy, one-time disability employment subsidy, work-related injury medical treatment, in-hospital food subsidy, transportation and accommodation expenses for medical treatment in other places, work-related injury rehabilitation expenses, assistive devices expenses, life care expenses, etc., as well as funeral subsidy, dependent relatives pension and one-time work-related death subsidy obtained by close relatives of workers who died at work according to the regulations of work-related injury insurance.

Policy basis: Notice of the Ministry of Finance of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Individual Income Tax Policies for Work-related Injury Insurance Benefits Obtained by Workers with Work-related Injury Insurance Regulations.

8 units and individuals to pay the "three insurance and one gold"

Enterprises and institutions in accordance with the provisions of the actual payment of basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance and unemployment insurance, exempt from personal income tax;

The basic old-age insurance premiums, basic medical insurance premiums and unemployment insurance premiums paid by individuals in accordance with regulations are allowed to be deducted from the taxable income of individuals;

Units and individuals are not more than 12% of the average monthly salary of employees in the previous year, and the actual housing provident fund paid by them is allowed to be deducted from the personal taxable income.

Policy basis: Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Finance on Individual Income Tax Policies for Basic Endowment Insurance, Basic Medical Insurance, Unemployment Insurance and Housing Provident Fund.

9. Personal withdrawal of "three insurances and one gold"

Personal income tax shall be exempted when the individual actually receives (supports) the basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, career insurance and housing accumulation fund originally deposited.

Policy basis: Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Finance on Individual Income Tax Policies for Basic Endowment Insurance, Basic Medical Insurance, Unemployment Insurance and Housing Provident Fund.

10. Maternity allowance

Maternity allowance, maternity medical expenses or other allowances and subsidies that belong to maternity insurance are exempt from personal income tax according to the maternity insurance measures formulated by the people’s governments at or above the county level according to the relevant provisions of the state.

Policy basis: Notice of the Ministry of Finance of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Personal Income Tax Policies Concerning Maternity Allowance and Maternity Medical Expenses.

11 according to the unified provisions of the state subsidies and allowances.

Subsidies and allowances paid in accordance with the unified provisions of the state shall be exempted from personal income tax.

Among them, the subsidies and allowances issued in accordance with the unified regulations of the state refer to the special government allowances, academician allowances, senior academician allowances and other subsidies and allowances exempted from individual income tax in accordance with the regulations of the State Council.

Policy basis: Individual Income Tax Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Regulations for the Implementation of Individual Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China.

12. Retirement fees, retirement fees, etc.

According to the unified regulations of the state, the settling-in allowance, resignation fee, basic pension or retirement fee, retirement fee and retirement living allowance paid to cadres and workers shall be exempted from personal income tax.

Policy basis: Individual Income Tax Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

13. Extend the subsidies obtained by retired senior experts.

Senior experts (experts and scholars who enjoy special government allowances granted by the state and academicians of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering) who have reached the retirement age, but really need to extend their retirement age due to work, shall be regarded as retirement wages and retirement wages, and shall be exempted from personal income tax.

Policy basis: Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China of the Ministry of Finance on Several Policy Issues concerning Individual Income Tax.

14. Cash reward for post conversion of scientific and technical personnel

Non-profit research and development institutions and institutions of higher learning approved in accordance with the law on promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the cash rewards given to scientific and technological personnel from the income from the transformation of post scientific and technological achievements can be included in the "salary and salary income" of scientific and technological personnel in the current month at a reduced rate of 50%, and personal income tax can be paid according to law.

Policy basis: Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the State Administration of Taxation on the Individual Income Tax Policy for Scientific and Technological Personnel to Earn Cash Rewards for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements, and Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements.

15. Scientific and technical personnel equity award

Scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning give individual rewards to scientific and technological personnel in the form of shares or capital contribution ratio, and after examination and approval by the competent tax authorities, personal income tax will not be levied temporarily.

"Today’s Wulian Video Number" is new!

Original title: "A new tax policy! It will be implemented on August 1! 》

Read the original text

AMD has previously released 24-core and 32-core third-generation thread ripper products, 3960X and 3970X, which have swept all the fever-grade product lines of Intel.

Like the strategy of mainstream consumer products online, after the 12-core R9 3900X, the 16-core R9 3950X was released. AMD seemed to think that it was not enough, so it launched the bloody version of TR3 3990X, with an unprecedented 64-core 128 thread.

Today, I will bring the test report of TR3 3990X, the real king of fever-grade products online.

CPU product specifications:

Ruilong Threadripper 3990X has a 64-core 128-thread specification, a 256MB L3 cache, a basic frequency of 2.9GHz, and a maximum acceleration of 4.3GHz, TDP 280W, which is matched with the motherboard of TRX40 chipset.

This specification has never been used in the civilian level. Even if the products of the server platform are included, Intel must use the top Xeon Platinum 9200 to get closer (glue 56 cores and 112 threads).

However, Intel let motherboard manufacturers make several game motherboards that support W-3175X (only 28 cores and 56 threads), and then it went away. It seems that they gave up.

Product packaging and accessories:

There is nothing special about the packaging of TR3 3990X. Here is a brief description of the packaging and accessories.

The accessories of CPU are also old four, such as special screwdriver, adapter water-cooled fastener, sticker and instruction manual.

TR3 3990X is still a CPU as big as a 2.5-inch SSD, and AMD seems satisfied with this architecture, which will last for a long time.

The back of the CPU is designed as a contact, so be careful of the small capacitor on the back. If you get hurt, you will be in big trouble.

Introduction of test motherboard:

Gigabyte’s motherboard was used in the last test, so let’s feel the ROG Zenith II Extreme Alpha this time, because we still have a ROG Zenith II Extreme, so we can tell the difference between Z2E and Z2EA by the way.

The number of accessories of the motherboard is quite rich. Includes 2-in-1 SATA 6Gb/s cable, 4-in-1 SATA 6Gb/s cable, 3-in-1 thermistor cable, 3-in-1 ROG woven SATA 6Gb/s cable, RGB light bar extension cable (80cm), ROG DIMM.2 fan rack package, 5xM.2 screw package, Q-Connector kit and ROG coaster. ROG large sticker, ASUS 2×2 dual-frequency Wi-Fi mobile antenna, 2-in-1 rubber pad, dual-function screwdriver, ROG thank you card, fan expansion card II, fan expansion card II power cord, fan expansion card II NODE connecting cable, fan expansion card II screw package, and public and driver &cup; Disk, user manual, fan expansion card II user manual.

The more interesting accessory is the ROG fan expansion card, which can expand the fan, temperature measuring point and RGB LED. However, there is a disadvantage that the power interface on the card is special, and the patch cord only supports the graphics card 6PIN, which may cause the power supply line of the graphics card to be tight for multi-card users.

The fan extension body provides 6 x 4-pin chassis fan socket, 3 x 4-pin RGB interface, 3 x 2-pin thermal sensing interface, and data lines to support the linkage control of the motherboard.

A nice detail is that the fan expansion card adopts the standard hole position of 2.5-inch SSD, which can be conveniently fixed in the chassis.

Nowadays, high-end motherboards generally take the armored route, and Z2EA is no exception, including motherboard backplane, CPU power supply and cooling, rear window IO, rear window baffle, audio system, M.2 slot, chipset cooling and VCC power supply and cooling. The motherboard uses three fans to provide active heat dissipation, two for CPU power supply and one for motherboard chipset.

The CPU base is TRX40 specification, which is the same as the previous generation TR4, but the CPU motherboards of the two cannot be mixed.

Since the TRX40 is packaged in LGA, the motherboard base will be covered with pins, so be careful.

The CPU power supply of the motherboard is 16-phase digital power supply, the PWM chip is ASP1405I of ASUS, and the input capacitors are seven nichicon FP10K solid-state capacitors with a capacity of 270 microfarads and a voltage of 16V；; MOS is one DrMOS for each item, the model is Infineon TDA21490, and 90A； can be provided in single phase; The power supply inductance is one enclosed inductance for each item; The output capacitance is 5 polymer capacitors with a capacity of 470 microfarads.

CPU VCC power supply uses 4 phases exaggeratedly, and the input capacitance is 4 polymer capacitors; MOS is one DrMOS for each item, and the model is Infineon TDA21462；; The power supply inductance is one closed inductor for each item.

There is an ICS9VRS4339BL between VCC power supply and CPU, which is a clock chip used to unlock the external frequency adjustment ability of CPU.

The motherboard has eight memory slots with four channels and supports DDR4 memory.

The memory is powered by two phases on each side, the PWM chip is ASP1405I of ASUS, and the input capacitor is a nichicon FP10K solid capacitor with a capacity of 270 microfarads and a voltage of 16V；. MOS is one DrMOS for each item, the model is Infineon TDA21490, and 90A； can be provided in single phase; The power supply inductance is one enclosed inductance for each item; The output capacitor is 31 nichicon FP10K solid-state capacitors with a capacity of 560 microfarads and a voltage of 6.3V.

The motherboard chipset is still TRX40, so there is no need to introduce it too much.

Next to the memory slot, there is a slot with metal foolproof, which is used to expand two additional M.2 SSD, taking the PCI-E channel.

By the edge of the motherboard memory slot, you can see the main power supply interfaces, which are 2*USB 3.1 TYPE-C, motherboard 24PIN power supply, 6+8+8 CPU power supply and CPU FAN+CPU OPT from the left. Asus has provided 6+8+8 22PIN power supply for CPU, which has exceeded the power supply scale of conventional high-end graphics cards.

Near the chipset side, from the left in the figure are the water-cooled flow rate monitoring interface, SYS FAN, 8*SATA 3.0, horizontal USB 3.0 and SYS FAN. Behind SYS FAN on the left is a liquid nitrogen mode switching jumper.

It can be seen that there is an ASM1074 chip on the left, which is used to provide channels for the two USB 3.0 interfaces on the board. There are two ASM1061 chips on the right, which can turn out two SATA 3.0 interfaces respectively.

Next, look at the bottom of the motherboard, next to the chipset. From the left in the figure, there are 2*USB 2.0, 1*USB3.0, NODE (data interface of fan expansion card), several adjustment switches (detailed in the figure below), restart key, on-off key, water cooling temperature interface and chassis panel control interface.

There are many adjustment switches on the motherboard. From the left in the inner row in the figure, there are M2_3 switch, SAFE BOOT button, RETRY button (forced restart self-test), BIOS switch button and fan switch at full speed. The two switches on the outside, the upper one is RSVD switch (for maintenance only) and SLOW MODE switch (for forced low frequency). These can facilitate the debugging of the motherboard to a certain extent, and can also be used for extreme overclocking.

In the diagram near the PCI-E slot of the main board, from the left, the front audio, PCI-E slot auxiliary 4PIN power supply, TPM, 3PIN RGB, 4PIN RGB and SYS FAN are provided respectively.

The graphics card slot of the motherboard is configured as NAX16NAX8X16NAX8. Mainly for dual graphics cards to optimize the swing, and can not support four cards.

There are two onboard M.2 SSD slots between the graphics card slots, and one on the back of the motherboard. This allows Z2EA to install up to 5 M.2 SSD.

PCI-E 4.0 requires very high signal stability, so a large number of PI3DBS16000ZHE chips can be seen on the motherboard for the relay amplification of PCI-e signals. At the same time, due to the high specification of Z2EA, the number of PCI-E channels of TRX40 is not enough, so a large number of P13EQX16 chips are needed for channel switching.

Next, take a look at the rear window of the motherboard. From the left, there are CLEAR CMOS, USB BIOS FLASHBACK, WIFI antenna, 2*USB 3.0+2*USB3.1, Gigabit network port +USB 3.1 A+C, 2*USB 3.0+2*USB3.1, and 10 Gigabit network port+USB 3.1A+USB 3.2 (2×2).

The audio part of the motherboard is the mainstream flagship motherboard audio solution. The main chip is S1220, which is actually a ROG customized version of ALC1220; Because the motherboard chipset does not support HD AUDIO, two ALC 4050H are used to connect the chipset. An additional ESS 9018 chip is also used for the DAC work of the rear window interface. There is also a power amplifier chip for front audio on the back of the motherboard. The whole scheme is not particularly exaggerated, but it still maintains the specifications that the flagship motherboard needs to show.

The network card of the motherboard is configured with Gigabit+10Gigabit, with the Gigabit network card being Intel’s I211AT and the 10Gigabit network card being AQUANTIA AQC107.

The motherboard wireless network card is also a relatively new AX200, which can support WIFI 6.

This time, ASUS introduced the new interface USB 3.2 2X2 in the rear window, so you can see the chip ASM3242 on the motherboard. The ASM1074 next to it provides four USB 3.0 interfaces for the rear window.

Z2EA uses dual BIOS, and the LED on the left in the figure shows which BIOS is being used, which can be switched when it is turned off. The BIOS chip on the right is a USB BIOS FLASHBACK function chip, and the model is AI1315.

Let’s take a brief look at other chips on the motherboard. ASUS’s motherboard TPU will naturally not be absent, and it can be used to help with one-button overclocking and other functions.

The SUPERIO chip of the motherboard is NCT6798D, which is a relatively conventional material.

The RGB control of the motherboard is handled by an AURA chip.

Finally, simply compare the differences between Z2E and Z2EA, in fact, the overall specifications are very close. Mainly due to some adjustments in power supply.

The following pictures are all Z2E, but MOS is different. Z2E is TDA21472, the number of phases on CPU power supply is the same as 16, and PWM is also ASP1405I. Therefore, the theoretical power supply capacity of each phase will be reduced from 90A to 70A.

VCC power supply is the same 4-phase TDA21462 scheme.

There are obvious differences in memory power supply. The Z2E is still an ASP1103+ upper and lower bridge, and the materials used in the scheme are obviously weaker.

So in general, Z2EA is mainly an enhanced version of Z2E, which promotes the power supply of CPU and memory to the strongest state of alternative schemes in the industry. So if people who already have Z2E don’t have to be too entangled, Z2E itself is already very strong.

Introduction of test platform:

Let’s take a look at the test platform.

Now that we have the Ripper, counting boxes has become a very ceremonial thing. This is also the first time that I have encountered that the CPU can’t display the display area diagram after displaying according to the logical thread, only the color block depth and percentage are left to reflect the CPU occupancy.

TR3 3990X is in the baking machine state. If the single baking CPU mode with less load is selected, the whole core frequency is 3.45GHz.While the CPU frequency is only 3GHz when the AVX2 instruction set is called, which corresponds to the result of power consumption test.

It can be maintained at around 4.15GHz under single-core test.

The memory is Kingston’s DDR4 8G*4. The actual operating frequency is 3200C14.

There will be a test with a unique display in the middle, and the graphics card is the water-cooled version of VEGA 64 by Dylan Hengjin.

SSD is three pieces of Intel 535. 240G is used as the system disk, and 480G*2 is mainly used to play test games.

The NVMe SSD test used Intel 750 400G.

The radiator is the SHADOW light shadow 360 of Josboro, and this water-cooling device has no TR4 fastener, so I used a third-party Intel to TR4 fastener.

Silicone grease is CTG-2 from Josberg.

The power supply is the extremely cool V1000.

The test platform is BC1 of Streacom.

Introduction of performance test items:

For children’s shoes interested in further understanding the comparative performance, detailed test data will be provided here. If you don’t want to see it, you can skip to the last summary. The test will be roughly divided into the following parts:-CPU performance test: including system bandwidth, CPU theoretical performance, CPU benchmark test software, CPU rendering test software, 3DMARK physical score-collocation independent display test: including independent display benchmark test software, independent display game test, independent display OpenGL benchmark-power consumption test: power consumption measurement under independent display platform.

Since this test, many test items have been added and some adjustments have been made, as follows:

CPU performance test: added CineBench R15 EXTREME (counting 1CPUXCPU results) and V-RAY NEXT BENCHMARK (counting CPU results).

　With the unique test: added BASEMARK, Neon Noir Benchmark and Extreme Peak. Due to the driver version, fistful of dollars 2 and War Machine 5 cannot join temporarily.

Only for the change of CPU thread performance statistics table (without affecting other comparisons): single thread, adding CineBench R15 EXTREME. Multi-threading, adding Time Spy EX CPU, CineBench R15 EXTREME and V-ray next benchmark; Remove X264 FHD, X265 FHD, winRAR multithreading, 3D MARK SKY CPU, 3D MARK SKY FIRE CPU and 3D MARK SKY Time Spy CPU.

Performance test and analysis of CPU;

According to the system bandwidth test, the memory bandwidth of TR3 3990X is higher than other series products, and slightly higher than the corresponding four-channel platform of Intel. There are actually 8 CPU DIE in TR3 3990X, so the counted cache bandwidth of L1L2L3 is very scary, which can basically be compared by multiples.

The theoretical performance test of CPU is carried out with the built-in tools of AIDA64. The theoretical performance of TR3 3990X is horrible, reaching 11.8 times that of i5-9400F, 7.2 times that of i9-9900K and 3.4 times that of R9 3950X.

CPU performance test mainly tests some commonly used CPU benchmark software, and also includes some application software and CPU test items in the game. This link will involve testing in different load environments, which is also the closest to the daily use environment. In this link, TR3 3990X can still surpass all other competitors, leading R9 3950X by 30%.

CPU rendering test, which tests the rendering ability of CPU. The test will count the test results of single thread and multi-thread, so this link will generally be the closest to the comprehensive performance comparison of CPU (single core and full core are basically half). On the whole, TR3 3990X is 2.2 times that of R9 3950X and 2.8 times that of i9-9900K.

The 3D physical performance test tests the physical scores in the 3DMARK test, which are mainly related to the CPU and have a small impact on the game performance. The performance of the four-channel platform in this link is generally not good. TR3 3990X will be lower than R9 3950X, but the same is true for Intel. The 14-core i9-10940X can’t beat the 8-core i9-9900K.

CPU performance test section comparison section:

According to the comprehensive statistics of CPU,The younger brother TR3 3960X can already seal the door, and TR3 3990X is used by AMD to brush the data.

The single thread and multi-thread of CPU are also decomposed here.

Single thread: Since the single-core frequency can reach 4.3GHz, the single-core performance of TR3 3990X is not very virtual, and it belongs to high-end CPU.

Multi-threading: Multi-threading performance TR3 3990X began to brush data casually, which is multiple of the following products.

With a stand-alone test:

The graphics card is VEGA 64, and AMD CPU will still have an advantage in running points. This project will be obviously stronger than i9-10940X.

According to the 3D game test, the game performance of TR3 3990X is relatively weak, but the weakness is not serious, which is roughly equivalent to the level of R7 2700X.

Decomposed into different generations, TR3 3990X performed slightly better under DX9, but slightly weaker under DX11 and DX12. But they are all within the acceptable range.

According to the test of different resolutions, the performance of TR3 3990X is relatively average.

OpenGL benchmark test alone, the OpenGL part is based on SPEC viewperf 12.1 and LuxMark. This test is a professional computing test for graphics cards, and the gap is more related to CPU delay and single-thread performance. Therefore, TR3 3990X will be slightly lower than i9-9900K.

With a separate test section:

Judging from the test results,TR3 3990X basically solves the problem of single display collocation, which can give consideration to high performance and both ends of the game.

Disk performance test:

The disk test part uses CrystalDiskMark 6, and the data file of 1G runs 9 times, which can basically eliminate the test error. The tested SSDs are 535 480G and 750 400G, both of which are hung from the disk. Simply explain the concept in this test, SATA interface and PCI-E channel can be drawn from CPU or chipset (see how CPU manufacturers design). In principle, we will test SATA and PCI-E from the chipset, but Z2EA only has PCI-E slots from the CPU, so we use the slots directly connected to the CPU.

In terms of disk performance, the performance of TR3 3990X is relatively general, and there is nothing outstanding.

Platform power consumption test:

The power consumption test is only carried out on the platform with a single display, and the overall power consumption of TR3 3990X is still relatively high. According to the test results, Z2EA has obvious power consumption limit in FPU test, and other test power consumption is relatively normal. In PM95, the power consumption of TR3 3990X can be 100W higher than that of TR3 3960X.

Detailed statistics:

Test summary:

The comparison groups in this test are i9-9900K, i9-10940X, R9 3950X and TR3 3960X. Compared with 100%, the benchmark is still i5-9400F, because the space relationship is not put in the table.

As far as the comprehensive performance of CPU is concerned, being the younger brother of TR3 series is enough to settle the following products, and TR3 3990X is just raising the bar further. Even with a large number of applications and single-threaded tests, the performance of TR3 3990X can reach 2.9 times that of i5-9400F, while that of Intel’s i9-10980XE is only about 70%.

With the unique part, TR3 3990X can also ensure that the game performance is in a good range (equivalent to 98.15% of i5-9400F). Because of the high score of running performance, the final score can be slightly higher than i5-9400F.

In terms of power consumption, the power consumption of TR3 series CPU is still relatively high.Due to the low standby and low load power consumption of TR3990X, the current of TR3990X is limited when the motherboard runs FPU test, so the power consumption of TR3990X is not particularly high in the final result. With reference to the test of PM95, the full-load power consumption of TR3 3990X can be about 100W higher than that of TR3 3960X.

Finally, the last CPU ladder diagram is for your reference. The performance part only compares the test items related to CPU, and does not include the results of the game performance test.

Since 2017, the system, driver and BIOS have great influence on CPU performance, so this table is only for directional reference.

Simple summary:

About CPU performance:

In terms of CPU performance, TR3 3990X is almost a data brush, which makes Invincible even more lonely.

About collocation alone:

In terms of game performance, TR3 3990X continues the performance of other two products in TR3 series, which ensures that the related software and games with unique display can run well.

About power consumption:

The power consumption of TR3 3990X is really high, but 360 water cooling can ensure the basic use is not a problem. Of course, it is more worthy of this CPU to customize a set of water cooling conditionally.

Generally speaking, TR3 3990X, like R9 3950X, is a product used by AMD to show muscles, in order to open an insurmountable gap with Intel. At present, the performance gap between Intel’s fever-grade products and TR3 3990X is many times, which completely loses its comparative value. 、

It can even be said that TR3 3990X doesn’t need to make a comparison, and TR3 3990X doesn’t care, because you are bugs.