Japanese men and women in hot springs

　　Wen Yi Wang Lu

　　The temptation to take off clothes completely has always been there for human beings, and the Japanese have taken it to the extreme through bathing.

　　"Although the door of Japan is open, it still maintains its own tonality internally. Outsiders can’t get close to it, and they can’t understand it. Only hot springs can accommodate everyone." Mark Edward Harris, a photographer who filmed a series of Japanese bathing culture, said. However, with the deepening of understanding, westerners will gradually discover that they are still a little naive.

　　In 1948, Japan promulgated the Hot Springs Law, which stipulated that "warm water, mineral water, steam and other gases (excluding natural gas) emerging from the ground can be called hot springs if the temperature at the source of the hot springs exceeds 25 degrees or contains a certain amount of hot spring substances." For Japan, which is small and mountainous, the natural gift of hot springs makes the irrational side of Japanese national character firmly wrapped under the rational shell. At first glance, there’s an incredible thing to take for granted.

　　In 1853, Perry led a gunboat to knock on the door of Japan, but was shocked by the mixed bathing method of men and women. In the report sent back to China, he wrote: "The lower classes in Japan are generally more moral than other oriental nationals, but they are really lewd."

　　Troubled by the same problem, American Consul General Harris also asked the local shogunate officials when he was in Shimoda, "Why do people who are meticulous in everything do such harmful things?" The answer he got was this-"It is precisely because of this exposure that the lust accumulated because of mystery and difficulty in venting is channeled to a certain extent."

　　Japanese officials must have racked their brains to come up with their answers. For more than a thousand years, Japanese people have been immersed in the baptism of bathing culture and have long dismissed such a trivial matter as mixed bathing. The theory of lust is mostly an accommodation to western moral standards.

　　In his novel, Osamu Dazai described a young girl sandwiched between two "no-one-feeling" old couples in a public bathing place as "like a pearl attached to a dirty shell and protected by that black shell … a tall, tight body makes people think of a blue peach". In the face of complete honesty, lust is also washed clear and transparent.

　　In fact, when the government banned mixed bathing according to western moral standards, a group of "bloody" Japanese jumped out to defend themselves. Yukio Mishima once said angrily, "All things that westerners think are boring will be abolished, and all things that westerners think are ignorant, grotesque, unsightly and immoral will be abolished. This is civilized civilization. From the westerners’ point of view, the waves are low-level, the attack team is stupid, the caesarean section is barbaric, and the Shinto is ignorant and simple. If all these things are denied, what is left in Japan? There is nothing left. "

　　For the Japanese, bathing with whom is far less important than bathing itself, because bathing bears the responsibility of soul purification.

　　At the beginning of 19th century, Sanma, a Japanese pavilion, said in "Floating World and Wind", which reflected Japanese customs at that time, "Bathing is the best shortcut to education in the world. Whether you are a noble gentleman or a common people, everyone is naked when taking a bath. Just like when you were born, this kind of naked communication makes people forget the high and low, and sublimate to the realm of a Buddha who wants nothing. "

　　In fact, bathing culture evolved from religious ceremonies. In the mid-8th century, many Buddhist classics flowed into Japan with envoys and monks from the Tang Dynasty. One of them, the Greenhouse Classic, advised people to accumulate merits by bathing. This way has something to do with the "Sickness" advocated by the ancient nobles in China. This ritual, which originated from the court and bathed in clear water to clean the body and mind, has evolved into a folk custom of "running water". Many ascetic monks will choose to stand by the stream and purify their bodies and minds with cold rivers, waterfalls and sea water.

　　However, this kind of asceticism changed its temperature in Japan. Japan has 270 volcanoes (80 of which are active volcanoes), accounting for 10% of the total number of volcanoes in the world. It is an important part of the Pacific Rim volcanic seismic belt, the largest volcanic seismic belt on the earth’s surface. Above the "stove" is an unpredictable disaster, but also contains unexpected gentleness. The crisp mountain spring has been heated into a natural gentle country.

　　This made the bathing ceremony warmly embraced by everyone as soon as it appeared, and the dramatic words such as reborn from the fire were also endowed with ambiguous imagination. No wonder there is a famous saying in Kusatsu, a hot spring town where the Ainu people, the indigenous people of Japan, live together: Hot spring bath can cure anything except love.

　　Since then, driven by monks and other role models, believers have flocked to temples to accumulate virtue and decontaminate by bathing, and the earliest public bathhouse-"Qian Tang" has been bred in temples in heian period. To this day, there are still many monks in temples who have to get up early in the morning to collect pine branches and heat a thick-walled clay "fire box" on a slate floor to provide the most authentic service for believers who come to bathe. People believe that "soup bath can get rid of seven diseases and get seven blessings", especially in temples.

　　No matter in which era, hot springs are silently healing the Japanese body and mind.

　　In Japan during the Edo period, the main function of bathing hot springs was to cure diseases, that is, the so-called "soup treatment". Takinoyu, a crane in Akita, was the first "soup farm". Crane soup was originally called Tianze soup, but it was renamed "Crane soup" because the Orion found a crane in the water for healing. Odomomachi, at the western end of Tokyo, has a Chinese tablet in the hot spring shrine, and told a similar story in detail to show authority.

　　The inscription reads, "It is said from the old legend that there used to be a mysterious crane, and an arrow fell to the ground. He went to the place where the rock cliff hot spring was boiling in the Bohai Sea, and extended his neck to slip. If he stayed for two days, the meat was pulled out, and he rushed away. People in the village began to think that there was liquid in the sky, but it was mysterious, so it was called crane soup."

　　Hot springs can cure diseases, so they are called "the soup of the gods", and they are only enjoyed by nobles and privileged classes for a long time. However, this kind of resource, which is not scarce, is difficult to form a monopoly, but accelerates the flow of the common people.

　　In the late Edo period, travel for the purpose of faith or soup treatment became popular among the common people. Because the government has strict control over the population movement, ordinary people can only get the opportunity to go out by visiting the shrine, which has become a "fake note reason" popular all over the country for a time. Because the hot springs are relatively close to the temples, they naturally become a must-see destination for relaxation and leisure.

　　Take the visit of peasant groups to Ise Shrine in Edo as an example: on the way, they will spend one night in Tomoto Hot Spring in Hakone, then go to Daohou Hot Spring in Shikoku, and after returning to visit Kyoto, they will go to Zenkokuji Temple to pay homage, and then stay in Ikaho Hot Spring.

　　And so on, during the slack season, farmers and fishermen will have soup treatment for several weeks before and after going out to sea to eliminate the fatigue of bones and muscles with the power of nature. This way of spa treatment was later called "one-week tour". After Tokugawa Ieyasu unified the whole country, he went to Rehai Hot Springs in Shizuoka Prefecture to recuperate, and also followed the tradition of one week as a cycle.

　　Kiyoshi Inoue once said in "Japanese History": "Since the ancient emperor system became dependent, there have been cases in which some people were designated as untouchables in any era." This situation was not reversed until 1871, when the Meiji government announced that the people were divided into four classes: the royal family, the Chinese family, the gentry and the common people. It was not until after World War II that the new constitution implemented the rights of the "untouchables" that their travel restrictions were finally abolished and they had the right to vote. In order to avoid discrimination, they were also renamed as "tribesmen". However, in front of hot springs, the boundaries of such privileges seem to have become blurred for a long time.

　　In the second half of the 19th century, a large number of westerners poured into Japan, bringing with them western medical and scientific research methods. Belz, a German, made a field survey of famous hot springs in various parts of Japan and published The Theory of Japanese Mineral Springs. In 1886, the Meiji government conducted a more systematic investigation on this basis and published the Japanese Mineral Springs. Although no one can understand the data analysis, the act of data analysis itself proves the efficacy of hot springs.

　　Hot springs give the Japanese an undifferentiated cure. Whether in the middle and late 20th century, when the economy took off, or in the 1980s, when the rapid growth came to an end, hot springs were always properly expressed in national life.

　　As a welfare for employees, "comfort travel" prevailed in the 1950s. Japanese entertainment experts described it this way: "Japanese entertainment is generally to gather at work first, then travel to hot springs by train, take a bath in the hot springs first, and maybe play some mahjong after a few drinks." Under the social trend of "mass production and mass consumption", hot springs dispel people’s excessive ambitions.

　　In the 1980s, Japanese people began to return to a plain life, and the trend that only work is the value gradually weakened. The government also accepted the accusation of "worker bees" from abroad and began to increase legal rest days. Among women, there is a "secret soup fever", that is, a secret and quiet hot spring, especially an open-air hot spring in the wild.

　　In the first month of 1984, Osamu Dazai’s daughter, Yuko Tsushima, and her family returned from a trip to Izu and wrote: "I think it’s not just me. In today’s era, it’s hard for anyone to see others openly, especially the naked body of the opposite sex. Once a year, it’s good to look at men who have taken off their clothes and rethink the meaning of people. " Under the admiration of TV stations and women’s magazines, open-air hot springs have absolute popularity and continue to this day.

　　Since the 1990s, the call for returning to tradition and contacting with nature has been growing. In the introduction of Tangbuyuan Hot Springs, which ranks among the top three hot springs awards every year, you can often see descriptions such as "quiet basin", "as if time has stopped passing", "refreshing fresh air unique to the plateau" and "scattered art galleries".

　　For hundreds of years, the Japanese have finally returned to the idyllic life described in the earliest document recording hot springs, The Customs of Izumo Country: "There are hot springs gushing out by the river, which is a beautiful place overlooking the mountains and the sea. ….. once in the bath, the appearance becomes beautiful, and twice all diseases are removed. This effect has never failed since ancient times. Therefore, people call it’ the soup of the gods’. "

　　There are three kinds of baths in Japan, including hot springs, and the other two are family baths and public baths.

　　No matter what kind of bathing form, cleanliness is of little importance to the Japanese. If it is a "washing culture" to clean the dirt on the body surface by shower in Europe and America, then Japanese bathing can be called a "soaking culture" suitable for meditation.

　　In Japanese culture, "Ai" and "Silence" also correspond to the cultural connotation behind bathing. "Ai" stands for cleanliness, while "Silence" stands for simple beauty infiltrated from the inside, which is often irrelevant to wealth and status.

　　The standard bath process requires people to wash their bodies before entering the bath. Towels and various types of detergents can’t be mixed into the bath. If you enter the bath with a bath towel because you are shy, you will be criticized by strangers who share the bath. In the book "A Remembrance", Xu Guangping once recalled the embarrassing incident that Lu Xun accidentally took a bath in a hot spring when he was studying in Sendai in the 1920s: Lu Xun covered his lower body, crouched awkwardly in the hot spring and dared not stand, and some Japanese girls came naked to criticize him for feudalism.

　　For most Japanese, bathhouse memory is not only a collective memory, but also a social place to escape from reality. Here, people can have a hearty "naked communication". The smell of dry towels, steaming steam, the "pattering" sound of clogs, and the dependence of calling friends. Without any social background, class difference and status discrimination, it is completely the communication between "people" and "people", which attracts people to return to the bathhouse again and again.

　　In the distant era of people’s hearts, the bathhouse has become the only place that people are worried about, whether with others or with themselves. In Japan, even the smallest apartment can find a deep bathtub, enough for an adult male to sit in and meditate. If it is a family, the bathing sequence is usually adult men, children and adult women. Every family member will cover the bathtub with a plastic cover after bathing to save heat for the next person, and the water will not be poured out until everyone has bathed, including guests staying at home. Smart Japanese calculation found that the whole family can save 7100 yen by sharing a tub of water for bathing. Using bath water for washing clothes, watering flowers and flushing toilets can save 4200 yen.

　　Japanese psychologists interpret immersion culture as a human instinct. They think that human beings are born with the desire to return to their mother’s fetus. Soaking in the bathtub is like soaking in amniotic fluid in the mother’s abdomen, which gives them a sense of security and peace of mind, so they feel liberated from fatigue and feel very happy after taking a bath.

　　And scientific research has confirmed this. Bathing can promote the secretion of hormones in the body. When entering the bath for the first time, sympathetic nerves take the lead, people’s blood pressure rises, their heart beats faster, and their blood sugar will also rise. After that, in order to correct this "abnormal" state, parasympathetic nerves gradually took advantage, blood pressure began to drop, pulse dropped, and blood sugar decreased. Under the alternation of the two cycles, the human body gradually recovers its balance, and the body and mind get a sense of relief, which is the source of happiness.

　　This kind of happiness turns into a unique aesthetic imagination in Japanese writers’ works.

　　Yasunari Kawabata, the first Japanese writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, once said frankly: "Soaking in hot springs is happier for me than anything else. I want to spend my life in hot springs." He also lived up to his ideals. In Kawabata Yasunari’s novels, hot springs go hand in hand. "Dancer of Izu" tells the pure love story of a preppie student with a hot spring girl while traveling in Izu. The story was written in the Tangdao Hot Spring in Tianchengshan, Izu, and described the Tangye Hot Spring in Hejin Town.

　　Even Haruki Murakami, who loves western culture, regards the pleasure brought by hot springs as the supreme life experience. He said: "If readers can feel a bit of warmth as deep as a hot spring bath from my works, it will be really gratifying."

　　From many years ago, the Japanese realized that there was a steady stream of wealth bubbling out of hot springs.

　　The government invested in the construction of hot spring towns and natural trails leading to hot springs in various places. Traditional hot springs themselves pay more attention to the harmony with nature. Architectural layout, history and culture, places of interest and historical sites, and even mountaineering, skiing and traditional craft experience are all integrated into it, making hot springs an irresistible national pride.

　　According to the statistics of the Japanese Ministry of the Environment on hot spring resources and utilization in 2014, there are 27,405 hot spring sources in China, and nearly 130 million Japanese nationals stay in hot spring hotels every year, which is equivalent to the total population of Japan.

　　No matter where you come from, no matter what you encounter, you can easily stroll on the streets of the hot spring town. Your clothes will fade with your troubles and put on a light bathrobe. If it is winter, you should put on a small coat called "Half-wrapped". The magic of water is constantly fermenting in the senses, and the warm current that moistens the body and mind may be the deepest love from nature.

　　Bathers are usually not allowed to bring anything into the water, so people often put towels on their heads.

　　People who are keen on hot springs are not limited to humans. Snow monkeys in Japan often bathe in hot springs. In the hot springs of Hell Valley in Ueno County, you can often see monkeys soaking in the hot springs all day long, and their obsession is no less than that of human beings.

　　In the Shaoshao Hot Spring in Gunma County, there is an open-air hot spring where you can dig a hole on the river beach by hand to let the spring water gush out. There, you can get a precious experience of being integrated with nature.

　　Hyotan hot spring in Kyushu, Japan. The pattern of hot springs is similar to meditation by the stream when the early monks are ascetic.

　　Standard cleaning supplies before soaking.

　　By stepping on the needle and pressing the footboard, you can stimulate the acupuncture points and play the role of foot massage.

　　China Newsweek, No.29, 2018

　　Disclaimer: The publication of China Newsweek is authorized in writing.

With Biden being elected as the 46th president of the United States, his grand blueprint for new energy policy is expected to be put into practice. Of course, his election has positive and beneficial effects on China and China’s stock market. At present, the hot new energy vehicle sector is having a collective carnival.

According to combing, the new energy vehicle concept represented by Tesla, General Motors, Nikola, Weilai Automobile, Xpeng Motors, LI, etc. has been outstanding since the election. In particular, at the same time, the three Chinese stocks stimulated by the New Deal in the domestic new energy field have hit record highs, and the company’s market value has also ranked among the top positions of global car companies.

Returning to the domestic A-share market, the "New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" was officially released some time ago, which pointed out that by 2025, the domestic new energy automobile sales volume will reach 20% of the total automobile sales. At the same time, it also stimulated a sharp rise in the whole industrial chain of new energy, most notably BYD and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Guoxuan Hi-Tech and other upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain. The stocks of various new energy vehicles rose sharply, and the stock prices continued to hit record highs, which also had a lot to do with the landing of boots.

Some securities related people said that "at present, in the domestic market, the low valuation of new energy and new energy automobile industry chain and domestic demand consumption is still worthy of attention. And the certainty of demand growth for new energy vehicles has emerged next year, so the current high valuation of the sector is estimated to last for a long time. " Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the Association, also pointed out that the development of new energy vehicles in China is conducive to the sustainable development of relevant industrial chains in China, and a strong industrial chain of new energy vehicles and new energy batteries will be laid out and landed in China.

According to the latest grassroots research of Xingye, the production scheduling data of the industrial chain in November also proves this point. In addition, the entire automobile industry chain has also entered a strong recovery stage, and the sales data is gratifying. Due to the epidemic situation, public travel is restricted, which also increases people’s demand for private cars, so the recovery of the automobile industry will continue in the future.

Biden’s election as president of the United States will return to the Paris Agreement and take the implementation of emission reduction targets, environmental justice and clean energy as his own responsibility, marking a 180-degree turn in the US policy towards the new energy industry. Its positive impact lies in emerging industries and new energy vehicles related to climate issues. The United States, a traditional automobile power, will change the wind again, which will also benefit the domestic new energy vehicle market. The new energy industry has a clear and positive trend at present. How to seize this market opportunity and strengthen China’s position in the global new energy market will become a problem that many new energy vehicle companies need to think about.

In September, at the recently concluded 2023 China International Fair for Trade in Services Education Exhibition, "Big Model" became a new attraction, and many educational institutions showed and promoted their own big model related applications and products.

In fact, since the release of the cognitive model, the degree of discussion has remained high, and it has also rapidly set off a wave of application in the domestic education sector. Iflytek launched the Spark Model, Netease released the Confucius Model for Education and the Mathematical Model for Learning and Thinking. A large number of educational companies such as Gaotu and Zhonggong Education announced that they would introduce large models into their products, and small and medium-sized companies and entrepreneurs also joined in … Less than a year later, this emerging technology quickly swept the field of education, and it was once thought that this would be the "standard" for educational companies.

What role does big model technology play in educational products? What is the difference from the last round of "AI+ Education"? Will it fundamentally change and promote education? Can it change the business and product logic of education companies? Will it reshape the market competition pattern of educational companies?

Large-scale model has rapidly set off a wave of application in domestic education. Figure /IC photo

Is it independent research and development or access to the general big model?

In November 2022, the ChatGPT of OpenAI was born, which aroused great concern in the technical circle. Until March of this year, ChatGPT4 was released, completely detonating the whole Internet, and everyone talked about the "big model" for a time.

The large model technology represented by GPT is usually called "generative artificial intelligence" in the industry. The emergence of ChatGPT4 has greatly shocked various fields in China, and many enterprises have adjusted their business plans and started the research and development of large model products.

Education is no exception. For more than half a year, vertical models have been released one after another and gradually applied.

"The base of the education industry suitable for China’s national conditions is gradually taking shape, and it will gradually transition to the level of applications and products in the second half of this year." In the view of Darren Liu, managing director of Shengjing Jiacheng Investment Management Co., Ltd., the part on the base relies more on the resources of sub-sectors.

Since the second half of this year, product-level applications have begun to land. In July, Netease launched Zi Yue, the first vertical model in the field of education in China, and released six related applications in one breath, including Echo, an oral coach of virtual human, AI Box, etc. Then, X6 Pro, a dictionary pen equipped with Zi Yue, came out. "Six applications have been launched one after another, and then we will enter the second phase of application landing." Netease CEO Zhou Feng said.

There is a way to choose the self-developed large model, which is one of the typical paths for the combination of education companies and large model technology. Zhou Feng revealed that although there is a way to train its own big model, it will remain open-minded and consider cooperating with other companies or participating in the open source ecology in the future.

Some companies choose to develop their own general models, such as Iflytek. In May this year, iFLYTEK Spark Cognitive Model came out, and in August this year, the upgraded Spark Cognitive Model V2.0 was released. Based on this model, iFLYTEK developed teacher assistants, study assistants and dance drama assistants.

Another typical path is to cooperate with existing models. Buy the interface of the general big model, access its own vertical database in the field of education to temper and transform, and you can output an educational product based on the big model. This is also the choice of most education companies at present.

It is a problem for education companies to choose the vertical model of self-developed education or access to the general model.

At present, the industry holds different views on this. One side thinks that the self-developed model is of little significance to educational companies. Sean, the founder of Watermelon Maker and Co-creation World, believes that if there is already a good GPU (chip for training model) rental mechanism and the cost is not high, then it is not necessary for education companies to retrain a big model themselves. Based on mature algorithms and models, training models with high-quality industry data is the competitiveness of vertical companies.

On the other hand, it is still necessary for education companies to train vertical models. "This involves data security." Hu Zhengdong, general manager of Guangdong Kokookaburra Education Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out. Cheng Lu (a pseudonym), a practitioner of a domestic head education institution who has developed a vertical model of education, puts forward the necessity of making a vertical model from another perspective: "Although the general model is easy to use, the accuracy of its content cannot be guaranteed, which is fatal to education. We must ensure the accuracy and traceability of all data in the education model. "

"At this stage, everyone still stays in some perceptual understanding of the big model, and the understanding is not particularly thorough." According to Zhang Gao, co-CEO of Weidong Yun Education Group, it will take about three to six months. After basic popularization and initial experience, the public will gradually enter a more rational stage. At that time, everyone will see the application of large models in various scenarios. "I don’t think this thing is useless, and I don’t exaggerate the influence of technology too much, but I see that large models can play more roles in various industries."

People’s concern about big models has changed from "whether to make big models" to "how to make good products by using big models". Figure /IC photo

AI Big Model and AI+ Education Version 1.0 are not substitutes for each other.

What are the combination points between AI big model and education industry?

Darren Liu summed up three models. The first kind is partial to tools, which uses knowledge base and question bank to make big models as teaching assistants, assistants, accompanying readers and sparring partners; The second kind is partial companion, in which virtual people replace the original lecturers. In the virtual immersion class, students can make appointments anytime and anywhere; The third category is educational informatization, which is applied to the To b terminal, especially in the interaction between home and school.

In addition to K12 education, quality education and vocational education enterprises are also optimistic about the role of big models in specific scenarios. Zhang Gao is more optimistic about the big model as an "intelligent teaching assistant". For example, in the scene of vocational education, students can ask intelligent teaching assistants to answer questions. "On the knowledge level, after learning the knowledge base, the big model can answer well."

Another scene that Zhang Gao is optimistic about is guiding learning. For example, in the study of interest, take the civic school as an example. Everyone of the 20 million citizens has different interests, so it is difficult to find the resources they want in a lot of lists. After applying the big model, they can talk directly with some "popular science experts". If they want to continue their in-depth study, they can enter the course and greatly improve their efficiency. In addition, it can also be applied to enterprise training, safety training and other scenarios.

How can the AI big model empower education? This should start with the characteristics of AI big model: stronger language ability, ability to talk with users, ability to better understand and satisfy users’ intentions, and closer to human interaction.

At the product launch in August, Zhou Feng summarized three advantages of the big model in the field of education: first, it can provide personalized analysis and guidance with its strong language understanding and generation ability; Second, guided learning can be realized, instead of giving answers directly, it can gradually guide learners to think for themselves and achieve better learning results; Third, the knowledge integration of the whole discipline, providing interdisciplinary knowledge to answer questions and solve problems at any time.

From the demand side, "every student has different difficulties in the learning process, which requires personalized counseling, and the personalized ability of the big model in the educational scene is very valuable." Zhou Feng said.

In fact, in recent years, there has been a round of "AI+ education" technological innovation in the field of education. Represented by "adaptive education", knowledge evaluation, inference, learning situation monitoring function, personalized homework … By analyzing students’ learning data, behavior patterns, homework and test results, students’ learning situation is evaluated, and personalized learning paths, resource recommendations and feedback suggestions are provided for each student.

So, compared with it, what are the differences and advantages of AI big model? "The previous AI tools were called’ small models’ and focused on a specific segment to solve problems. The big model has a broader coverage and can be seen as a particularly knowledgeable science worker. " Zhang Gao explained by analogy.

"The biggest advantage of the big model lies in the innovation of human-computer interaction." Zhang Gao further pointed out that the big model is involved in countless fields, but not every field is profound enough. Therefore, the application scenario of the big model is more suitable as a teaching assistant and a guide, and the big model of "general education" can solve all the problems. When the big model is combined with all walks of life, it will get a new and efficient experience, but it is hard to be called subversion. "

Talking about the relationship between AI Big Model and "AI+ Education Version 1.0", Zhang Gao believes that they are not mutually substitutive or substitutive, but are applicable to different educational scenes. Zhong Ming, CEO of Watermelon Maker, also believes that the big model technology is more powerful, but it does not mean that the past models and algorithms are useless. He further pointed out that the data accumulated in the last round of AI+ education is very important, especially the dynamic data.

The application scene of the big model is more suitable as a teaching assistant and a guide. Figure /IC photo

Will the big model subvert the existing educational model?

"The big model will have a subversive impact on education" and "The big model technology is a revolutionary and subversive technical impact" … The emergence of ……AIGC (Generative Artificial Intelligence) once made the argument that "AI subverts education" rampant. Under the current circumstances, can the big model subvert the original educational form?

Zhong Ming does not agree with this statement. He told the Beijing News reporter that according to the relevant theories of pedagogy, education consists of three parts: "knowledge transmission, immediate feedback and emotional interaction", which are cyclical and mutually promoting. "The emergence of AIGC has greatly enhanced the immediate feedback ability of AI teachers and greatly improved the efficiency of knowledge transfer. However, for most learners, the emotional link between teachers and children, interest stimulation, multi-point feedback and emotional interaction collision between peers during the whole learning process are the key to ignite and stimulate the intrinsic motivation of learning."

Darren Liu’s observation is that the application of big model technology in the current education industry has not escaped from the underlying logic of the original "AI+ education industry 1.0 era", and the educational behavior is essentially error correction, knowledge point strengthening and training consolidation, which can also be solved by the traditional AI model. From the user’s perception, there is no obvious difference in the use experience whether the big model is applied in the product.

"So far, Big Model+Education has not seen revolutionary and innovative products in the direction of To C." Darren Liu believes that besides the educational model and the underlying logic of products, the forms of educational products and business models have not changed fundamentally, and users will not increase their willingness to pay.

"Whether the big model will subvert the existing education model remains to be discussed. At present, it doesn’t seem to me, but it can greatly improve efficiency in suitable scenarios. " What is subversion? In Zhang Gao’s view, if the big model can truly simulate famous teachers and masters, let students talk to famous teachers and change the original educational model and educational form, it is possible to talk about "subversion".

Can AI virtual teachers be like real teachers? What is the essential difference between the two? Zhang Gao pointed out, "To make a big model a master, we should not only hone our knowledge and skills, but also have the master’s personal charm, moral character, insight and passion, and interactive guidance, which are far more important in education than knowledge and skills. At present, the technology of the big model is far from being achieved, and everything can be changed only by conversational human-computer interaction. "

Hu Zhengdong holds the same view. "From the perspective of pure knowledge and skills, from the amount of open knowledge, the number of skills and methods, the number of AI masters is more powerful than that of people; However, teachers’ preaching and teaching to solve doubts is not necessarily to teach knowledge, but also to teach philosophical life; Every move, words and deeds, emotional interaction, emotional exchange, and educational behavior are all-round. Unlike teachers, coaches pay more attention to training skills and helping to correct mistakes. Sometimes, models play the role of coaches, but from the perspective of emotional attributes, AI teachers cannot be compared with real teachers. " In addition, he believes that people are more powerful than AI, and they can comprehensively use knowledge base, question and answer base, guide question base, prompt words, etc., and use the advantages of AI and human thinking to comprehensively solve problems.

The insiders believe that at present, no revolutionary and innovative products have been seen in the direction of Toc in big model+education. Figure /IC photo

When education encounters the "machine illusion" of the big model,

It is still worth discussing how much value the AI big model can really produce for education.

Under the blessing of AI big model ability, the new learning mode of "students’ self-study +AI answering questions" has become widely possible. Whether this method can achieve the expected learning effect is a great test for learners.

"A lot of content that children need to learn can be answered directly in the big model. But the church and getting the answer are not equal. Whether a child can really learn a knowledge point through a big model depends very much on how to ask questions to the big model. " Sean pointed out.

He further pointed out that "learners can get enough feedback if they use it correctly and ask questions effectively." People who use it well have a high quality of learning. When a child with a strong curiosity meets a big model, he can get rid of the limitation of insufficient supply of educational resources around him and the’ ceiling’ can be improved infinitely. People who use it badly are just the opposite. This ability to learn independently and ask questions may be the core ability that affects the future. "

In addition, the advantages and key capabilities of the large model are more reflected in its generation ability, which may become a "fatal wound" for education.

One of the obvious shortcomings of large models at present is the "machine illusion", that is, sometimes they "talk nonsense in a serious way" In the process of interaction, for some problems, the big model may output some content that seems very reasonable, but it is completely wrong, which makes people laugh and cry.

But education is a serious science, and there is no room for mistakes or hallucinations. "When users use educational products, they don’t want the big model to break the standard system and generate anything at will, but they want to find the optimal solution. Everyone is most afraid of hallucinations in big models, especially in the field of education. " Darren Liu pointed out that it is precisely because of this that the value and necessity of the ability to generate large models in the field of education are not so great, or that the ability to generate is not worth realizing in the education industry.

However, many netizens used the big open source model to test some simple math problems and found that many answers were not accurate. Different from natural language understanding, large-scale language models have poor performance in solving arithmetic reasoning tasks and often provide wrong answers. A person in charge of a head education institution who did not want to be named once mentioned that according to the limited time experience, English, Chinese and other disciplines have better evaluation results and faster promotion speed than mathematics.

However, the situation is not optimistic for the special vertical model-mathematical big model. A practitioner who did not want to be named commented that this technical direction is feasible in theory, but the final result depends on two factors, one is whether the algorithm is good enough, and the other is whether there is enough data to support it.

In May this year, Good Future announced that it is developing a self-developed mathematical model named MathGPT, which is a large model in the vertical field of mathematics with problem-solving and topic-telling algorithms as the core, and it is also the first large model specially built for mathematics in China. On August 24th, MathGPT started the internal test, and its official website showed that MathGPT’s mathematical calculation ability has covered math problems in primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools, and the topic types cover calculation problems, application problems, algebra problems and other types, and you can also ask questions about the topics. "Compared with other general large models, MathGPT can solve problems with higher accuracy, and can also analyze and explain the answers more clearly."

In the test, the Beijing News reporter asked the big model twice the same simulated math problem in the senior high school entrance examination. MathGPT gave two different sets of answers and analysis process, and the answers given twice were different. It has been proved that there are problems in both analyses. Incredibly, in this test, the big model tells the user that in ΔABC, "Angle A = B = C = 45". Ignore the preconditions, which in itself cannot be established.

The first answer to a math problem MathGPT and its analysis. MathGPT screenshot

The second answer given by MathGPT for the same math problem and its analysis. MathGPT screenshot

The Beijing News reporter invited a senior math teacher in Beijing to analyze the big model. "The first answer is not only wrong, but also confusing from the beginning. Why set’ A = B’? There is an incomprehensible fallacy at the starting point of thinking. It is precisely because the starting point is wrong that it is reasonable to make very strange mistakes later. The answer to the second answer is correct, but the problem-solving process is very jumping, incredible, and the thinking is obviously wrong. The wrong process leads to the correct result, which can only be a slap in the face. "

"Combining the above two proofs, we can see that the big model lacks rigorous logic in solving problems at present, and its flexibility in dealing with complex environments needs to be improved. Due to the strong comprehensiveness of mathematics topics and the long logical chain, the accuracy of machine problem solving will also be greatly reduced. " The senior math teacher commented.

The big model will become the "standard" for enterprises, and the core is to find suitable application scenarios.

Although the value of the big model in the user side remains to be observed and explored, it is still valuable for the education industry, mainly reflected in reducing costs and increasing efficiency in the enterprise side.

"When a new technology comes out, we can see its breakthrough in the traditional model. Even if it is impossible to judge whether it can really create a new business scene or subversive application, if it can make efficiency higher and cost lower, users can enjoy better service at the same price, it is worth doing." Cheng Lu said.

At the press conference in August, Zhou Feng also mentioned the advantages of big model in improving efficiency when interviewed by the media. "In the past, it was necessary to find people and make models separately for AI and grammar analysis, but now a big model can solve several problems. As a basic model, it can learn a series of related abilities, and on this basis, it can be turned into multiple models after directional fine-tuning, without doing a lot of separate work, which makes the team’s work efficiency higher."

Darren Liu further pointed out that using the big model can reduce the back-end operating costs and the front-desk teachers’ costs for enterprises, and to some extent, it can change the company’s income structure and profit space. From the perspective of company operation, it can improve efficiency and reduce costs. From this perspective, it is right for companies to embrace the big model. "But if the company wants big model products to increase income for the enterprise, what it should do is actually innovation."

To what extent will doing or not affect the market competitiveness of enterprises in the case of adding large models one after another? Darren Liu believes that the big model, as a part of infrastructure, will first aggravate the cash consumption of current enterprises to a certain extent. Although it may not immediately lead to the reshuffle of the industry, it will make the polarization go faster. In the long run, Zhang Gao pointed out that enterprises will be more competitive when costs drop. "We still have to embrace new technologies."

In the context of AI big model+education, although the big model itself is not a barrier, there is still a threshold. Many interviewees said that training large models requires computing power, which requires a lot of capital investment. In addition, the accumulation and data of enterprises in the industry are also very important. Hu Zhengdong pointed out that the general big model does not solve all the problems, but only the main problems, involving data information of a specific industry or field, and the general big model cannot be obtained. Therefore, the core data accumulated by enterprises based on their own existing products may become a barrier that affects the competition of various enterprises.

It should be emphasized that the quality of data is very important, which determines whether the large model can be made more accurate. "Compared with static, unstructured and unsustainable data, all the operational data that users will continue to generate during the learning process are of much higher quality and can better empower the big model." Zhong Ming pointed out.

However, most interviewees still believe that the core issue is whether we can really find a good application scenario and make good use of the large model. In Darren Liu’s view, the big model will gradually become a "standard". "The big model is only infrastructure construction, and the product form, function and business model will be spelled out later. If the application scenarios are not well found, it is useless to do it. "

In addition, Hu Zhengdong emphasized an easily overlooked issue-the ethical review of large models. "To set an insurmountable red line for technology is ethical review, especially for technology research companies. The technical power is very strong, but it is not necessarily feasible from the perspective of education and ethics. So, who will do risk management and ethical review for the big model? This is still blank at present. "

Beijing News reporter Feng Qi Intern Ran Mengyu

Editor Miao Chenxia and Wu Hui proofread Liu Baoqing

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All-powerful

As the king of pop music, Jay Chou’s words and deeds have attracted people’s attention. In most people’s impression, he is synonymous with fashion and coolness, but more people who like him value his blood and dare to express his personality. For example, the film "All-powerful Storm", which he supervised and specially starred in, tells a cool and passionate racing story.

Dujak is a racing master, but only in racing games. His domineering in the game is far from reality-in reality, he is a standard game geek, and playing racing games is also because the campus goddess he secretly loved was a racing driver.

Of course, what he never thought was that the goddess would come to the door one day. The motorcade where the goddess was located was in crisis, and she could not compete because of injury. She needed Dujak to bring the game sponsor at the same time. Du Jieke, who boasted on the Internet that he had participated in the track competition, had to bite the bullet and get on the circuit.

At this point in the story, the story of the rookie overcoming many difficulties and finally reaching the summit unfolds smoothly, but "All-powerful Storm" shows not only the fearless blood of young people, but also an indomitable female man and an old-timer who was once brilliant but no longer beautiful in the motorcade.

Three people face racing and competition with three postures and three moods, which also correspond to you, me and him in real life-rookie newborn calves are not afraid of tigers, but they are still indomitable when they are confused; Female drivers don’t lose boys on the field, and they are first-class in spirit; Old drivers overcame their arrogant self-esteem and put down their posture to cooperate with young people. Each of them has his own story, the difference is the attitude towards difficulties, and the same is the obsession about racing.

"All-powerful" is about racing, but it is not only about racing-in fact, whether it is Jay Chou’s masterpiece "Initial D" or the later series of movies The Fast and the Furious, which are popular all over the world, they are all talking about people by borrowing cars, integrating people and cars, and comparing the stadium to life. Behind the passion is the helplessness of life and the impermanence of fate, which makes people understand that living in the present and enjoying the speed.

Scan the QR code.

On December 18, this model was officially launched, with a price range of 186,900 yuan to 309,900 yuan, and a total of 4 power 10 models were launched. Among them, the GTE plug-in hybrid version was introduced into the Chinese market for the first time, undoubtedly providing consumers with more choices.

As a mid-term replacement, the power configuration of the new Maiteng is relatively stable. The fuel version 280TSI and 330TSI maintain the original performance, with a maximum horsepower of 150Ps and 186Ps respectively. The 380TSI is equipped with a 220Ps engine with a torque of up to 350Nm.

It is worth mentioning that the GTE plug-in hybrid model is equipped with a combination of a 1.4T engine and a motor, with a combined maximum horsepower of 211Ps and a torque of 400Nm.

It only takes 7.7 seconds to accelerate 100 kilometers, with a pure electric battery life of 56 kilometers, and a comprehensive fuel consumption of as low as 1.8L/km, demonstrating excellent performance and environmental advantages.

In terms of appearance design, the new Maiteng adopts a new design language, the front line is more dynamic, and the middle net and lower grille of the front part of the car integrate novel elements, making the overall shape much younger. Despite this, the professor said that some people may feel "face blind".

The tail markings and light sets have also been upgraded to enhance recognition.

In terms of interior, the Maiteng GTE model inherits the luxury of Volkswagen, equipped with a full LCD instrument panel and touch-sensitive audio control panel, which is full of technology. At the same time, the driving experience has also been improved, including a new steering wheel and a number of intelligent configurations, which enhance the practicality of the vehicle.

In comparison with the rival Honda Accord, the new Maiteng has shown a different competitive advantage from the Accord with its rigorous design and tradition, as well as its personalized positioning for different market needs.

Although Accord once led the market with the outstanding performance of the 1.5T engine, Maiteng has adopted mid-term modifications and the introduction of new energy models.

Further strengthening its market position, especially in cities with restricted purchases, Maiteng GTE will make up for its shortcomings in the new energy sector and enhance its competitiveness.

Overall, the new Maiteng has shown strong product strength with its innovative appearance, technological interior and targeted upgrades, which will make the competition between German and Japanese B-class cars even more intense. This model will undoubtedly bring consumers a new driving experience and value choices.

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With its unique design aesthetic, the Asian Dragon presents smooth body lines and elegant side profiles. The body size is 4990mm x 1850mm x 1450mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2870mm, ensuring a spacious interior space and a comfortable driving experience. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1595mm and 1605mm respectively, providing the vehicle with solid driving stability and good handling performance. The tire size is 215/55 R17, and it is paired with a delicate wheel rim design, which not only enhances the visual effect, but also guarantees excellent grip and driving performance.

The interior design of the Asian Dragon is both refined and practical, and the delicate wood texture is combined with metal elements to create a warm and luxurious atmosphere. The steering wheel is made of plastic material, although not the top material, but it is comfortable and easy to handle. It supports manual up and down + front and rear adjustment, which is easy for the driver to adjust according to needs. The center console is equipped with a 10.25-inch high definition touch screen, and the operation interface is intuitive, providing rich multimedia functions and convenient navigation services. The seat is made of fabric material, which makes it comfortable to sit. The main seat supports front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and high and low adjustment, which can meet the individual needs of the driver and passengers. The number of USB/Type-C interfaces is sufficient, with three in the front and two in the back, making it convenient for passengers to connect electronic devices and meet their daily needs.

In the Asian Dragon, a 2.0L four-cylinder engine with a maximum power of 127 kilowatts delivers 173 horsepower. This engine is paired with a CVT continuously variable transmission for a smooth shift experience and simulates 10 forward gears to further optimize driving experience and fuel economy.

Summarizing the evaluation of Autohome owners, he highly praised the exterior design of the Asian Dragon, saying that its streamlined body and slender body lines show elegance and movement, and the front face design shows unique charm. He is very satisfied with the appearance of the Asian Dragon, which undoubtedly adds a sense of confidence and enjoyment to the driving experience of the owners.

"Luo Zhi likes to fill Huainan, and no one knows; Sheng Huainan likes Luo Zhi, and the whole world knows it. "

According to Chang ‘an’s novel "Orange Born Huainan Unrequited Love" in August, the TV series "Unrequited Love for Orange Born Huainan" was launched. In the commentary of the series, some netizens wrote a sentence that had been popular for a long time before, and the relationship between Sheng Huainan and Luo Zhi was expressed simply and complicated by these words.

This time, Hu Yi Tian, the campus male god "professional household", once again played the role of male master, playing the handsome and sunny, gentle and jade-like schoolmaster in Huainan.

In "To Our Simple Beauty", Jiang Chen, a proud and cold schoolmaster, played countless roles. I believe there should be no pressure to play the same type of role again this time, and netizens also expressed great expectations for it.

The heroine Luo Zhi is played by the gentle and intellectual Hu Bingqing. Luo Zhi’s characters in the novel are somewhat cold and withdrawn, and Hu Bingqing is somewhat compatible in temperament. However, because Zhu Yanmanzi’s version of Luo Zhi in the previous online drama "Unrequited Love for Orange in Huainan" and Luo Zhi played by Chao Ran in "The Best of Us" left a deep impression on the audience, the audience did not expect the Hu Bingqing version of Luo Zhi.

Although I can fall in love with the sweet campus again, netizens are still talking about the casting of Luo Zhi: Which of these versions of Luo Zhi is Luo Zhi’s "Ben Zhi"?

Luo Zhi in the novel is cold and withdrawn, with high emotional intelligence, and is used to hiding himself under a thick shell. She is kind in appearance, and her emotions are invisible. She always writes her thoughts in her diary, and even says that she is "Taishan collapsed in front of her and kept her face unchanged".

Luo Zhi, the online drama version of the same name, is starred by Zhu Yanmanzi. This version of Luo Zhi is an ordinary female college student who is gentle, generous and intellectual. Many netizens don’t know that this version of "Secret Love for Orange Born in Huainan" is actually written by the original writer himself, and Zhu Yanmanzi, the actress, was also elected by Changan in August.

However, there are still many netizens who think that this version of Luo Zhi’s face value is not high, too ordinary, and doesn’t look like the hostess at all. They also take out Luo Zhi, the school sister played by Chao Ran in The Best of Us, for comparison.

Although Luo Zhi in "The Best of Us" is only a supporting role under the aura of the sorrowful heroine, she still leaves a deep impression with her gentle temperament and high value. Many netizens think that although Zhu Yanmanzi’s version of Luo Zhi is more in line with the original, the supporting role of Luo Zhi in The Best of Us is Bai Yueguang in their hearts.

And why didn’t this version of Luo Zhi played by Hu Bingqing make netizens shine at the moment?

One is acting. This has to mention Hu Bingqing’s acting skills in "Cyclone Girl". No matter whether she is angry or happy, she doesn’t particularly make the audience "into the play". There is nothing wrong with her acting skills, but she can’t talk well.

Luo Zhi, who plays the role of "Unrequited Love of Orange in Huainan", is not a happy character, but isn’t there a saying like this? "Unrequited love is an emotion that will come out of your eyes even if you cover your heart." What Hu Bingqing seems to see in his eyes is nothing but emptiness.

I have to say, Hu Bingqing’s acting skills still need to be improved, otherwise this serious injury will be a big obstacle to her acting career.

The second reason is styling. The most unbearable thing for the audience is that the goddess Luo Zhi has turned into a little girl with yellow hair, which is neither fish nor fowl. Standing with the male host is still a little old, which can only be said to be a BUG in modeling, but fortunately it can be adjusted, at least it is not a serious injury.

For these three different versions of Luo Zhi, some netizens also summed it up like this: Zhu Yan’s Luo Zhi is an ordinary Luo Zhi, Chao Ran’s Luo Zhi is a bitter eye, and Hu Bingqing’s Luo Zhi is a crush. However, the Hu Bingqing version of Luozhi has not yet been fully presented to the audience. I hope that the following story will bring new surprises to the audience, and I hope that this Luozhi will be the next "best Luozhi". Text/fruit burning

　　　 "Roll Over! A Xin", starring three new generation actors led by Peng Yuyan (Eddie), Ke Yulun, and Lin Chenxi, made its enthusiastic debut in Taipei on the 10th. The premiere of the movie was full of stars, including Zheng Yuanchang, Rainie Yang, Gui Lunmei, Su Huilun, Feng Xiaoyue, and the actors in director Niu Chengze’s new play "LOVE", including Ruan Jingtian, Zhao Youting, and Chen Yihan.

　　　 Eddie worked hard to perform in the play, from zero to today’s work, he really put in a lot of effort, and the director and other actors spoke very highly of him. Along the way, the producer Li Lie saw it, and even praised Peng Yuyan’s transformation from a boy to a man. I hope everyone must go to the theater to see his wonderful performance.

　　　 Director Niu Chengze (Doudao) is about to start filming the new movie "LOVE", Peng Yuyan will also participate in the performance, and today the actors Ruan Jingtian, Zhao Youting, and Chen Yihan are all present to help Eddie. Chen Yihan said at a loss that he must watch his acting today, and he must appreciate Eddie’s good figure; Doudao, who could not be present, recorded a VCR more intimately and gave it to Eddie. The brothers also sent the greatest blessings, and even regarded his good figure as the goal, praising his perfect figure.

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