How to do a good job in research and improve the effectiveness of research？

要想在田间地头真正找到解决问题的办法，不仅要想调研、愿调研，更要能调研、会调研、善调研。今天，笔者就来聊一聊调查研究。

图源：视觉中国

一些调查研究之所以没有取得实效，概括起来讲，有四个方面的问题：

一是“作秀式”调研，走马观花、蜻蜓点水。名为下基层调研，却没有真正深入到群众中去。有的放不下架子，以调研之名，实为换个地方“发表高见”，未调研先签到，入户后再合影；有的坐在车里转，隔着玻璃看，群众没接触几个、情况没了解多少，脚不沾泥，身不染土，就着急作结论、下指示。

The second is the "bonsai-style" research, which is a superficial taste and a partial generalization.The route of investigation and research is carefully designed in advance, and what to see, what not to see, what to say and what not to say are all written in the "script" and arranged in the "preview". Some take the classic route, watch demonstration models and listen to standard reports, and become "boutique tours" and "bonsai exhibitions"; Some stay at the point of understanding the situation and superficial phenomena, and can’t go from the outside to the inside, from here to there, to get rid of the false and keep the true.

The third is "disjointed" research, which focuses on research and avoids contradictions.Only pay attention to the form of research, ignoring who and why. Some people can’t see the real problem, from phenomenon to phenomenon, from computer to computer, but only as statisticians and collectors of materials, not as analysts and researchers of materials, and they can’t come up with new concepts and terms. Some people treat problems as ostriches when they find them. They are afraid of exposing shortcomings and hurting people. They are afraid of going into details and offending people. They downplay the problems. Even if they know that they have collected problems, they just don’t deal with them, don’t give feedback, just take the pulse and don’t prescribe them. Before and after the investigation, they are the same.

The fourth is "frame-style" research, preconceived, carving a boat and seeking a sword.Some find examples with frames, arguments with arguments, and turn investigation and research into the presupposition of conclusions. Some people don’t know clearly about the "two overall situations" at present, don’t dig enough into new situations, new problems, new changes, new experiences and new creations, and turn a blind eye to them. They still stay in the original way of thinking, are bound by the original discourse system and are limited to the original methods, and cannot keep pace with the times.

All of the above have directly affected the effectiveness of the research and turned it into a "rehearsal". From the perspective of work, such so-called "investigation and study" can not only solve the problem, but also easily lead to biased decision-making. From a political point of view, such research is a reflection of formalism and bureaucracy, which damages the image of cadres and affects the relationship between cadres and the masses.

Workers are installing intelligent production line equipment in the "future factory" workshop of an aerial work machinery manufacturer in Leidian Town, Deqing County. Source: Xinhua News Agency

From Hebei to Fujian, from Zhejiang to Shanghai, the supreme leader comrades have always practiced the requirements of grasping the implementation of the work with research and grasping the start of the work with research. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the research footprint of the Supreme Leader General Secretary has spread all over the country.

When I read The Supreme Leader’s Footprint, I noticed that the first thing the Supreme Leader did after he went to work in Zhengding was to investigate. He generally does not say hello to his research and does not let others prepare in advance, but goes directly to the countryside, factories and households. During his work in Zhengding, he traveled to 25 townships and 221 villages in the county. Many documents and major decisions formed in this period are related to these investigations.

During his work in Zhejiang, the top leader comrades spend at least one-third of their time in-depth investigation and research at the grassroots and departments every year. He said: "In the past few years, I have almost traveled all over Zhejiang, and I have also deepened my true feelings with the broad masses of cadres and people in Zhejiang, and gradually penetrated the situation of Zhejiang’s provinces, cities and counties in practice."

How to do a good job in research and improve the effectiveness of research? General Secretary of the Supreme Leader gave a series of answers. We might as well take a look.

For example, in terms of research requirements, the opening work of Zhijiang Xinyu gives the words "deep, real, detailed, accurate and effective". In this regard, Zhejiang propaganda has been explained in detail in the article "Why the General Secretary always remembers this matter". For example, in terms of research methods, Zhijiang Xinyu gives the requirements of "exchange, comparison and repetition". For another example, in the use of research materials, at the opening ceremony of the training course for young and middle-aged cadres of the Central Party School in the autumn semester of 2020, the Supreme Leader General Secretary emphasized that a large number of materials and situations obtained from the research should be carefully studied and analyzed, so as to be consistent with each other, from the outside to the inside.

Say a thousand words and ten thousand words, and the actual effect is the fundamental standard for testing investigation and research. All investigations that do not aim at solving problems and achieving results are "tricks".

At the beginning of this year’s new year, Zhejiang launched the activity of "visiting, investigating, serving and solving problems". The main leaders of the provincial party committee clearly emphasized that we should adhere to the problem orientation, rush to solve problems, and sincerely do practical things and solve problems for enterprises, various market entities and the masses. This is highly consistent with the "Work Plan for Great Investigation and Research in the Whole Party", which emphasizes that "we must adhere to the problem orientation, enhance the awareness of problems, dare to face up to problems and be good at finding problems, take solving problems as the fundamental purpose, truly find out the situation, identify problems, put forward countermeasures, and constantly put forward new ideas and methods to solve problems".

On March 19, workers in a rice professional cooperative in Shifan Street, Yueqing City, Zhejiang Province placed seedling trays. Source: Xinhua News Agency

The author believes that in order to promote the investigation and study to achieve better results and truly solve problems, the key in practical work depends on whether the "five haves" are achieved:

Let’s see if there is any real problem.Investigation and research should first identify the problem and be targeted. How is the policy implemented? What’s the difficulty? How did the masses react? What do you think? Wait a minute. Before each investigation, we should carefully sort out the problems that we want to solve through investigation.

Only by carrying out the problem can the research have a direction and focus. As the supreme leader comrade pointed out in "Talking about Investigation and Research", "leading cadres should have a clear purpose in conducting investigation, carry on with problems, and try their best to grasp the initiative of investigation activities. In the investigation, they can have a’ prescribed route’, but they should also have’ optional actions’, look at some unprepared places, and conduct random investigations without saying hello and making arrangements, so as to understand the situation accurately, comprehensively and thoroughly and avoid’.

Second, see if you have returned with the real situation.What is the real situation at the grassroots level? The masses have the most say. In the investigation at the grass-roots level, we should not only look at it, but also ask, listen and communicate. Through various forms such as collective discussion, individual inquiry and random visit, we can listen to the truth, examine the facts, understand the real thoughts of the masses, obtain their real opinions and ask questions from the masses with an open mind. Only by looking down, stepping down, entering the "backyard" and "corner" of the masses, and sincerely exchanging the real situation, can we adhere to the truth and correct our mistakes. One is to report good news and worry, not only books, but also facts.

When Chairman Mao made a social survey, he worked out the annual income with the tenant farmers, not only listed four incomes and eleven expenses, but also carefully calculated the depreciation of 15 kinds of farm tools, and finally came to the conclusion that "the income and expenditure were less than 19 yuan, 64 cents and 5 cents".

Third, see if you have solved the specific problem.The key to investigation and research lies in finding and solving problems. We should go straight to the problem, go to places with big contradictions and complicated situations, talk with people with big opinions, find out where the problem lies and the crux, and sort out the problem list, responsibility list and task list one by one. For some problems that can be solved in a short period of time, we should set up reforms and do them right away; For those that are difficult to solve for a while and need to be continuously promoted, we should also make clear the objectives, keep a close eye on them, and grasp them to the end, and pay regular visits, supervise and supervise, and track the effectiveness.

According to Xinhua News Agency’s "People’s Livelihood, Small Things and Great Feelings —— A Record of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary Advocating the" Toilet Revolution ",during his local work, the Supreme Leader comrades have always attached great importance to and cared about the toilet problem and promoted the solution of the local people’s toilet difficulties. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has often asked about the renovation of rural toilets in the process of domestic investigation and research ….. With the continuous concern and advocacy of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, the "toilet revolution" has achieved great results.

Jiaxing Public Toilet Butterfly "City Station" Source: Xinhua News Agency

Fourth, see if there is any insight.Three-point investigation, seven-point research. Carry out investigation and research, especially to prevent more investigation and less research, more situation and less analysis, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions that do not solve practical problems. It is necessary to make good use of the first-hand information obtained from the investigation, carefully sort out and analyze, grasp the relationship between the overall situation and the local situation, the present and the long-term, the macro and micro, the main contradiction and the secondary contradiction, the special and the general, look at the essence from the outside to the inside, look at the phenomenon, grasp the regular things, and form ideas, methods and policy measures to solve problems and promote work.

Only by taking steps to examine the facts and calming down to find countermeasures can we really improve our working skills in investigation and research. Just as in January 2015, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in a discussion with the students of the seminar of the county party secretary of the Central Party School: "When the situation is clear, we must persist in planning our career and work from reality, so that the ideas, measures and plans we come up with can conform to the actual situation, not aim too high and not be divorced from reality."

Fifth, see if you have won the hearts and minds of the people.To carry out investigation and research, we should not only "enter" the grassroots, but also "enter" the grassroots, change roles and enter the masses, understand the troubles and worries of the masses, and help solve the most direct practical problems that the masses are most concerned about. Only in this way can we really sit on a bench with the masses, gain their trust, enhance their feelings and win the hearts and minds of the people.

Historians should observe the wind and rain of the Six Dynasties, and doctors should ask questions after hearing and asking questions.

"Zhijiang Xinyu" wrote, "Investigation and research is a knowledge devoted to seeking truth, a science that can be seen in practice, and an art that emphasizes methods." It is connected with true knowledge and action, with information and decision-making, and with the party’s heart and people’s hearts. It is a "thermometer" that reflects the work level of cadres, a "touchstone" that tests the sense of purpose, and an "accelerator" that improves the effectiveness of work. Therefore, we should not only attach importance to research, but also be able to research, be good at research, and use research to better serve scientific decision-making, improve the party’s ruling ability and leadership level, and complete the mission and task of the new era and new journey.

Source | Zhejiang Propaganda

Author | Qu Xuan

Editor | Xia Hong Guo Tingting (Internship)

Proofreading | Zhao Zeqin Zhang Yongqiong