In recent decades, a large number of pottery stoves have been unearthed nationwide, mainly in Guanzhong, Luoyang, Jianghan, Shaanxi and Linyi areas. Since the end of 1990s, a large number of Han tombs have been found in Yan ‘an area of Shaanxi Province, and many pottery stoves have been unearthed, which can be divided into glazed argillaceous red pottery stoves and painted argillaceous gray pottery stoves according to their materials (Figure 1). These pottery stoves are unique in shape, exquisitely made and have regional characteristics. The author selects some representative unpublished pottery stoves from local museums to introduce them, and discusses their types, ages, crafts and symbolic meanings contained in their patterns.

As an appliance for people to make a fire and cook food, the stove appeared as early as the early Neolithic Age and was widely used in Yangshao culture period. In the Warring States period, stoves also evolved from primitive fire pits and movable pottery stoves into fixed pots and pans, which became an indispensable daily living facility for the ancients. As a funerary model, the pottery stove first appeared in the Qin tombs in the late Warring States period in Guanzhong area. In the Han Dynasty, when the concept of "death is like life" prevailed, the pottery stove was further made into a utensil, and it was buried with the pottery barn in a complete set, which became the core of the buried pottery in the tombs of the Han Dynasty and an important carrier of people’s ideas and spiritual world in the Han Dynasty.

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the distribution of pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an area.

Glazed argillaceous red pottery stove

1. Carve the yellow glazed green painted pottery stove with double cranes.

Unearthed in Linzhen, Baota District, Yan ‘an City in 2005. Three-eyed horseshoe. Length 23, width 22.5 and height 22 cm. The fire holes on the stove surface are distributed in the shape of "pin", and a small kettle is placed on it, and the stove kettle is separated. Put a green glazed deep-bellied retort on the right kettle, and put a small pot of red glaze and green color on the other two kettles, with a small spoon of green glaze crank in the pot, and put a small pot of red glaze and green color between two fire holes in the front row. The tail of the stove is a green glaze bottle-shaped hollow chimney. The kitchen utensils and appliances on the kitchen surface can be moved. A rectangular floor-standing fire door is opened just below the front wall of the stove. Two rows of diamond-shaped palisades are carved above the fire door with sharp tools, and a crane standing opposite each other is carved on each side. The knife method is simple and sharp. The stove is covered with yellow glaze, and the diamond pattern and crane pattern are covered with green glaze, which is very decorative (Figure 2).

Fig. 2 depicts the yellow glazed green painted pottery stove with double cranes.

2. Carve the yellow glazed green painted pottery stove with double crane sauce

Unearthed in Nanniwan Town, Baota District, Yan ‘an City in 2007. The shape is the same as the double crane stove mentioned above. Length 25, width 23.5 and height 20 cm. Kettle, basin, spoon and other utensils and hollow bottle-shaped chimney are placed on the stove surface. A diamond-shaped palindrome is carved above the stove door, and a crane standing back to back, holding its head high and looking carefree is carved on each side. The stove is covered with yellow glaze, and the diamond pattern and crane pattern are filled with green glaze (Figure 3).

Fig. 3 depicts the yellow glazed green painted pottery stove with double crane sauce.

3. Carve the pottery stove with double crane lines, yellow brown glaze and green dragon heads.

In 2006, it was unearthed in feng village, Liqu Town, Baota District, Yan ‘an City. The shape is the same as that of the upper two stoves. Length 21, width 22.5 and height 21 cm. Small kettles are placed on the fire holes of the kitchen surface, a yellow glazed deep-bellied retort is placed on the right kettle, and a yellow glazed ear cup is placed in the center of the kitchen surface. A molded dragon-headed chimney is inserted at the end of the stove, which makes the mouth scream, and the details of the dragon’s five senses and neck scales are clear. Two rows of triangular stripes are carved on the front edge of the stove and the upper edge of the front wall, and diamond stripes, triangular stripes and water ripple stripes are carved on the upper part and both sides of the fire door. On both sides of the front wall of the stove, a pair of cranes are carved, which lead their necks to sing and flap their wings to fly. The carving method is concise, skillful and infectious. Yellow-brown glaze is applied all over the stove body, and white glaze is filled with diamond, triangle, water ripple and crane pattern (Figure 4).

Figure 4 depicts the pottery stove and part of the dragon head with yellow, brown, glazed and green dragon heads with double cranes.

4. Carve the pottery stove with double-que red glaze and green dragon head.

In 2008, it was unearthed in Qingquangou Village, Daozhen Town, Ganquan County, Yan ‘an City. Muddy red pottery. Three-eyed horseshoe. Length 21, width 19 and height 20 cm. A cauldron is placed on the fire eye, with a small red glazed crank spoon in the cauldron, and a large red glazed retort is placed on the right side of the cauldron, with strings on the upper abdomen for several weeks. Place red glazed pots, red glazed green colored vials, small jars and inverted red glazed ear cups on the kitchen surface. A diamond-shaped stripe is carved on the front edge of the stove, and a molded red glazed green colored dragon chimney is inserted in the round hole at the tail of the stove. The dragon head is raised, its eyes are wide open, its mouth screams, and its shape is fierce. A rectangular hollow fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall of the stove. A pair of triangular pyramidal roof towers are carved on both sides of the fire door, and triangular patterns and grid patterns are carved on the upper part. The stove is covered with red glaze, and the pavilion and triangular pattern are outlined with green glaze, and the glaze water is bright and full. It is worth mentioning that a layer of black glaze is added to the red bottom glaze on the small kettle on the left side of the front of the stove, which is more special (Figure 5).

Fig. 5 depicts the red glazed green painted pottery stove with double que pattern and the dragon head.

5. Painted double-que sauce, red glaze and green painted pottery stove

In 2007, it was unearthed in Nanyigou Village, Daozhen Town, Ganquan County, Yan ‘an City. The shape is the same as that of the stove. Length 20, width 19 and height 16 cm. Kettle, basin, retort, jar, ladle, ear cup and bottle-shaped chimney are placed on the stove surface, and the net pattern is carved above the fire door. Red glaze is applied to the whole body of the stove, green glaze is applied to both sides of the fire door to draw simplified double-gap patterns, and green glaze is applied to the retort, jar, basin, ear cup and chimney mouth (Figure 6).

Fig. 6 Red glazed stove with green color and double que sauce.

6. Tri-color glazed pottery stove with geometric patterns

In 2004, it was unearthed in Yangquan Town, Fu County, Yan ‘an City. Muddy red pottery, horseshoe-shaped with double fire eyes. Length 17, width 19 and height 13 cm. A small kettle is placed on the fire hole of the stove surface, and two small pots are placed at the back of the stove surface. A crank spoon and a straight handle ladle are placed in the pots, and a small ear cup is inverted at the front. The kettle, pots, spoons and scoops are all painted with yellow glaze. A bottle-shaped chimney is erected at the end of the stove, with yellow glaze applied at the lower part and green glaze applied at the upper part. A rectangular hollow fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall of the stove, and grid lines are carved on both sides of the fire door and the upper part of the front wall, and diamond-shaped back lines are carved between the grid lines. The stove is glazed in three colors, red glaze is applied to the whole stove body, black glaze is applied to the grid pattern on the front wall, and green glaze is applied to the diamond pattern. Glazed pottery with double glaze color in Han dynasty is rare, and it is rare to apply red, green and black glaze colors to this stove (Figure 7).

Fig. 7 Tri-color glazed pottery stove with geometric patterns.

Two-colored argillaceous gray pottery stove

1. Moire painted pottery stove

In 2010, it was unearthed in Frontier Village, Laoshan Township, Ganquan County, Yan ‘an City. Three fire eyes rounded rectangle. Length 22.5, width 20 and height 19 cm. The fire holes on the kitchen surface are distributed in the shape of "pin", and the kitchen bottom is closed. The stove is a combination of stove and kettle. The kettle is higher than the stove surface, and the mouth edge is painted red and white for two weeks. A pot and a retort are placed on the kettle, and the mouth edge and abdomen of the pot and retort are painted in red and white. The tubular chimney is plastic at the end of the stove, which is slightly disabled. Around the kitchen surface, the flaming eye is edged with white and red colors, and a circle of moire is drawn, in which plum patterns are dotted. A hollow rectangular fire door is opened in the middle of the front wall of the stove, and the wall is decorated with red and white dots. White, blue, red and yellow moire are painted on both sides and back wall of the stove. This stove is well preserved, with complicated patterns and bright colors (Figure 8).

Fig. 8 moire painted pottery stove

2. Group crane painted pottery stoves

Unearthed in Zichang County, Yan ‘an City in 2008. Horseshoe-shaped stove with three fire eyes. Length 21, width 21 and height 22 cm. The fire eyes on the kitchen surface are distributed in the shape of "pin" The kettle and stove are separated, wherein a crank spoon is built in each kettle, and the kettle and spoon are cut by hand. The rectangular hollow fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall of the pottery stove, and the fire door and the front wall are painted with diamond, dot and stripe colors in red, white and Huang San colors respectively. The most distinctive feature of this cooker lies in the painted patterns on its side and back wall: in the cloud patterns painted with yellow, 12 cranes with different shapes and white feathers are playing with each other, either holding their heads high, standing still and looking back, or bending their necks and pecking their tails, or competing for food. The old cranes are flying with colors, and the young cranes are weak and lovely. The expression of the whole picture is rich and exaggerated, giving people infinite reverie, which can be called a masterpiece of fine arts in the Han Dynasty (Figure 9).

Fig. 9 Group of crane-painted stoves

3. Wolong-shaped painted pottery stove

In 2006, it was unearthed in Hongtugou Village, Donggou Township, Ganquan County, Yan ‘an City. The stove body was shaped into the image of a prostrate and head-held round carved Wolong, with a dragon as the stove body, a chimney with a dragon neck and a dragon head, a mouth-opening hissing shape and a broken dragon horn. The limbs are located on both sides of the stove body in a prone position, and the dragon claws are molded. Length 36, width 22.5 and height 23 cm. The three fire holes on the kitchen surface open in the back of the dragon, which are distributed in a zigzag pattern, and the kettle is integrated with the kitchen. The kettle is taller than the kitchen surface, the tail kettle is taller, and the front kettle is short. The square floor-standing fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall. The whole body of the stove is painted in white, and the "S"-shaped scales are painted in red and black. The dragon mouth, eyes and ears are painted in red, and the wings are painted in red and black on both sides of the dragon body. The stove door is bordered with red and black colors. This dragon-shaped stove is exquisitely made and ornately decorated. At present, this kind of pottery stove which shapes the stove body into the image of a carved animal has not been reported in China (Figure 10).

Figure 10 Wolong-shaped painted stove

4. Bird-patterned rectangular painted pottery stoves with feet

In 2009, it was unearthed in Guanzhuang Township, Baota District, Yan ‘an City. Three fire holes are rectangular, with a back cover and four flat square feet at the bottom. Length 28, width 24.5 and height 23 cm. The fire holes on the stove surface are distributed in the shape of "pin", and the kettle and stove are integrated, and the kettle height is higher than the stove surface. A thin cylindrical chimney is molded at the end of the stove. The rectangular fire door opens in the center of the front wall. The stove body is painted with yellow color, and the four sides of the stove surface and sides are painted with white color strips, and the geometric patterns of the strips and the fire door are painted with red. On the left side of the kitchen wall, two waterfowl are painted, both of which bend their necks and bow their heads, opening their mouths and sticking out their tongues. The former one is decorated with white and the latter with red, and the image is simple and interesting (Figure 11).

Figure 11 Rectangular painted stove with bird pattern

5. Painted pottery stoves with crane figures

Unearthed in yongningzhen, Zhidan County, Yan ‘an City in 2009. Three-eyed horseshoe. Length 22, width 19.5 and height 11 cm. Fire holes are distributed in the shape of "pin", and the kettle and stove are integrated. The kettle height is higher than the stove surface, and the left kettle is smaller. On the right side of the stove surface, the pattern of hook and ladle is printed, and a small smoke hole is opened at the tail. The floor-standing fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall of the stove. The stove body is painted with white color, the kettle mouth is painted with green color, the kettle body is painted with black color, and the edge of the stove surface is painted with black grid for a week. On both sides of the fire door on the front wall of the stove, people are painted in green robes and stand hand in hand. A tree is painted in ink in the middle of the back of the kitchen wall, and three cranes walking in the same direction are painted in black on both sides of the tree. The brushwork is concise and vivid, which is full of interest (Figure 12).

Figure 12. Painted stoves with crane figures.

6. Painted pottery stoves with figure patterns

Unearthed in Zhaoan Township, Ansai County, Yan ‘an City in 2011. The shape is similar to that of the upper focus. Length 22, width 20 and height 12.5 cm. A row of diamond-shaped palisades is embossed above the floor-standing fire door, and a que building pattern is embossed on both sides of the fire door. The stove is covered with white color, and a person is painted on the right side of the fire door, dressed in a light green robe and holding a rod. The pattern on the left side of the fire door is blurred. Draw a chalk line figure at each end of the side wall of the stove, and on the left is a man, dressed in a robe, sitting quietly. On the right is a woman sitting with a hand on her hand, and the rest of her body draws a set of cloud patterns with ink lines (Figure 13).

Figure 1. Three-character painted stoves

7. Cloudy painted pottery stoves

Unearthed in Gao Qiao Township, Ansai County, Yan ‘an City in 2010. Muddy gray pottery, the shape is the same as above. Length 23, width 20 and height 10 cm. The whole body of the stove is painted with white color, and the upper part of the four walls is marked with red and black colors, and the bottom is painted with lotus petals for a week. In the middle, six groups of cloud patterns are painted with red and green colors, with bright colors (Figure 14).

Fig. 14 Moire pattern painting stove

Regional characteristics and age of ceramic stoves in San ‘an.

From the above introduction and the information currently available, it can be seen that the pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an area of northern Shaanxi mainly include glazed pottery and gray pottery, among which glazed pottery stoves account for a certain proportion, with red and yellow warm glazes as the main glaze colors, and green glazes are rare, and the rich multicolor glazes are a major feature, and even three-color glazes appear, which is rare in other areas. These glazed pottery stoves are relatively simple in shape, with horseshoe-shaped stoves as the bulk, and the three fire holes on the stove surface are mostly in the shape of "pin", and a few are side by side. There are two kinds of fire doors: floor type and hollow type, with hollow type as the main one. The stove and kettle are multi-split. All kinds of kitchenware models on the kitchen surface are rich in variety and complete in configuration, including retort, basin, plate, jar, bottle, ladle, spoon and ear cup, and most of them can be moved, which is a true portrayal of real life, which is rarely seen in other regions and presents distinctive local characteristics.

There are a large number of gray pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an. Except for a few square stoves and irregular stoves, like glazed pottery stoves, their shapes are mainly horseshoe-shaped, but most of them are connected with stoves and kettles. Fire doors are mainly floor-mounted Developed painting is a remarkable feature of Yan ‘an Han Dynasty gray pottery stove, with bright colors and complicated patterns, especially the painting of animals and figures on the pottery stove, which has its own characteristics, while the practice of molding the pottery stove into a whole round carving animal is only seen in China.

The distinctive regional characteristics of the above pottery stoves should be related to the special geographical location of Yan’ an. Yan ‘an is located in the south of northern Shaanxi, bordering Hetao in the north and Guanzhong in the south. Since ancient times, it has been a place where the northern grassland culture and the farming culture of the Central Plains are integrated. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, Yan ‘an was a county jurisdiction and became a transitional zone connecting the northern frontier and the imperial ruling center. The combination of advanced production technology and ideas in the mainland with the original local cultural traditions has formed a unique cultural phenomenon here. These Han Dynasty pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an area are unique in shape, novel in decoration and distinctive in regional characteristics, which should be the concrete embodiment of this cultural phenomenon.

Because this batch of pottery stoves were handed in or collected after being unearthed in people’s production activities, most of the tomb information is missing, so their age is mainly judged according to the shape, decorative characteristics and some of the same artifacts. Judging from the shape of the pottery stoves in Yan’ an area, horseshoe-shaped stoves are the main ones, and three fire holes are distributed in the shape of "pin" on the stove surface. This shape of pottery stoves was mainly popular in the early and middle Western Han Dynasty in Guanzhong area. In particular, the colorful painted pottery stoves with group crane patterns introduced above have the same length and width and a small aspect ratio, which are even consistent with those of the Qin Dynasty pottery stoves in Guanzhong area. The age may be as early as the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, and may enter the early Western Han Dynasty due to the lag of cultural communication. From the point of view of decoration, the proportion of glazed pottery in Yan ‘an area is high, while the popularity of glazed pottery in Guanzhong area is earlier than that in the middle of Western Han Dynasty, and because of the lag of cultural communication, the popularity of glazed pottery in Yan ‘an area has at least entered the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. In addition, various kitchenware models are popular on Yan ‘an glazed pottery stoves, and similar practices are mainly popular in Guanzhong area from the late Western Han Dynasty to the Xinmang period. The difference is that Guanzhong pottery stoves directly print kitchenware on the stoves instead of placing model kitchenware. This difference is caused by different regions, and their ages should be similar. From the perspective of the same artifacts, in Yan ‘an area, there are mainly artifacts with the basic combination of ding, pot-like bronze wares, warehouse and stove models, cans, bottles, lamps, fuming stoves and other daily necessities, but there are no common artifacts after the Eastern Han Dynasty, such as wells, toilets, buildings, figurines, pigsty and millstones. The main popular age of this combination should be from the middle and late Western Han Dynasty to the Xinmang period. As can be seen from the above analysis,Tao Zao in Yan ‘an area appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty, and was popular in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. It may disappear around Xinmang at the latest.

Production, decoration technology and artistic features

(a) the production process

According to the author’s observation, Yan ‘an Han dynasty pottery stoves were made by using block molding, bonding, kneading, wheel making, knife cutting and other technologies. For this horseshoe-shaped, rectangular hollow three-dimensional stove and the Wolong-shaped pottery stove described above, because of its complex structure, it is impossible to form it at one time. Instead, it is necessary to use a special mold to make mud blanks of various parts of the pottery stove in blocks, and then combine and bond them. Some kitchen accessories are also molded, such as dragon-shaped chimneys, ear cups and small scoops. The kneading technique is applied to some small kitchen utensils on the stove, such as small plates, pots and crank spoons on glazed pottery stoves. And those larger pots, retort, cans and chimneys have obvious marks of wheel system, which should be made of wheel system. Knife-cutting technology is a major feature of the production of pottery figurines in the Han Dynasty in northern Shaanxi, and it is also reflected in the production of pottery stoves in this area. For example, the production of the kettle and crank spoon in the painted pottery stoves with crane patterns described above is a combination of kneading and knife-cutting techniques. First, the rough shape is kneaded, and then the shape is trimmed and shaped by knife cutting.

(2) Decoration technology

Yan ‘an Han Dynasty pottery stoves are rich in decorative techniques, including glazing, painting, carving, sculpture, stamping and so on. Especially in the decoration of glazed pottery stoves, advanced decoration techniques such as monochrome glaze, multi-color glaze, carved glaze filling and overlapping glaze painting are used, which are rich in color and strong in contrast, and the decoration effect is refreshing, making them a masterpiece of glazed pottery products in Han Dynasty. The glaze application technology of multi-color glaze is the biggest feature of glazed pottery production in Yan ‘an area, that is, two or more glaze colors are applied to a pottery at the same time, which represents the highest level of glaze application technology of glazed pottery in Han Dynasty. This decorative technique has also been fully used in the production of glazed pottery stoves. There are not only two-color glazes, but also three glaze colors of red, green and black applied to an object at the same time, which has become a veritable "three colors of Chinese". Carving and filling glaze refers to carving patterns first, and then filling them with glaze, which has a strong contrast and prominent theme, such as the crane pattern and geometric pattern decoration in the double crane pattern stove introduced above, which may be inspired by the bronze mosaic technology. Overlapping glaze painting refers to the decorative method of drawing various patterns and ornamentation on warm bottom glaze with green decorative glaze, such as red glaze and green double-que pattern stove, and double-que and grid pattern drawn with green glaze on sauce red bottom glaze, which has great color contrast and good decorative effect. Painting is the main decorative technique of Yan’ an Han dynasty gray pottery stoves. On the one hand, these paintings are exquisite in decoration and rich in content, including cloud patterns, animal patterns, geometric patterns and figure patterns. On the other hand, it is colorful and varied, including red, white, black, yellow, green and blue. Some directly paint patterns on the clay tires, such as the above-mentioned pottery stoves 1 and 2. Others apply white color all over the body first,Then paint on the white color, such as gray pottery stove 3, stove 5 to stove 7, whose exquisite richness is rare in other areas.

(3) Artistic features

The combination of realism and virtuality is one of the artistic features of Yan ‘an Han Dynasty pottery stoves. Most of the glazed pottery stoves here are equipped with a complete set of kitchen utensils, such as kettle, retort, basin, jar, spoon and ear cup, which can reach as many as ten pieces at most, and the richness is beyond imagination. These utensils, regardless of their size, are accurate in shape and exquisite in manufacture. They are completely true imitations of cookers and kitchenware in real life, allowing us to see the configuration and combination of Han kitchenware, and the application of multicolor glaze decoration makes them a rare ancient miniature art. While being realistic, depicting the images of cranes and Quelou on both sides of the stove door should not be a simple description of the real world, but it has special ideological significance as the virtual practice of shaping the pottery stove chimney into a dragon’s head.

The coexistence of roughness and delicacy is another artistic feature of Yan ‘an Han Dynasty pottery stove. Using a knife instead of a pen, the grid pattern, diamond pattern, triangle pattern and crane pattern are carved on the wall of the glazed pottery stove. The knife method is vigorous and sharp, and the carved cranes have different shapes, or they are screaming or flapping their wings, and the picture is concise and powerful, which is extremely infectious. On the other hand, the clouds, figures and cranes on the painted pottery stove have smooth lines, delicate descriptions and vivid images.

Imagination and exaggeration are another artistic feature of Yan ‘an Han Dynasty pottery stoves. For example, the painted group of crane-patterned pottery stoves painted 12 cranes with different shapes and sizes on the narrow kitchen wall are full of interest and imagination. The description of the shape of the crane is bold and exaggerated, focusing on the slender and curved neck of the crane, which provides important information for us to study the painting level and skills of the Han Dynasty. The Wolong-shaped painted pottery stove introduced in the above article is even more imaginative in shaping a daily appliance into a round carved beast and applying exquisite painting, which is amazing.

The Meaning of Double Que Pattern and Crane Pattern on Five Pottery Stove

A pair of que Lou patterns are often carved, painted or embossed on both sides of the fire doors of glazed pottery stoves and gray pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an, which is very rare in other areas. Quelou is a high-rise building located on both sides of the gate of an important building in ancient China. It is a sign of the gate. It should imply some special symbolic significance to depict it on both sides of the fire gate of the pottery stove. The Han Dynasty portrait bricks unearthed in Henan and the portrait sarcophagus found in Sichuan and Chongqing often show the double que pattern, and most of them coexist with the auspicious animals such as cranes, phoenixes and four gods, the sun, the moon, Fuxi, Nuwa and the Queen Mother of the West, and their images are similar to the double que on Yan ‘an pottery stoves. Some scholars believe that these double-que patterns are the "Tianmen" symbols leading to the fairy palace and the only way for the tomb owner to ascend to heaven and become immortal. The double-que pattern on the right wall of No.3 sarcophagus unearthed from Hanya Tomb in Guitou, Shandong Province, Jianyang County, Sichuan Province provides an important basis for this speculation. A single-eave double-que door is carved on the sarcophagus, and there is a person standing under the door. The word "Tianmen" is listed above the lintel, and the door with double-que is clearly called Tianmen. In the same way, the double que and rectangular fire gate on both sides of the fire gate of the pottery stove in Yan ‘an Han Dynasty and the geometric patterns above them together constitute the image of "Tianmen", which becomes the entrance for the tomb owner to ascend to heaven and become immortal. The soul of the tomb owner enters through the fire gate depicting the que building and turns into curled smoke rising from the chimney with the dragon head and flying to the fairy palace.

Crane pattern is also a more common image on Yan ‘an pottery stove, which is located in the same position as Shuangque pattern or on the side wall of the stove. In China’s Taoist thought, cranes are sacred objects in the celestial world, and immortals travel in the sky with cranes. Legend of the Immortals says, "Wang Ziqiao, Prince Jin Ye of Zhou Lingwang, a good blowing sheng, worked as Fengming, and traveled between Ilo, where Taoist Fuqiu was connected to Songshan. More than ten years later, I came to the mountain and told Huan Liang: Tell my family, and wait for the solution of Gou’s hill on July 7. If you take a white crane to the top of the mountain, you can’t see it. When you raise your hand, you will leave. " This record shows that the image of a crane as a fairy riding a sacred object appeared in the Han Dynasty. In the picture of immortalization in the Han Dynasty, tomb owners often use supernatural objects to ascend. In addition to the common dragon carts, fish carts and deer carts, cranes are also important carriers of immortalization. Found in the M1 mural of the mural tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty near Yangqiao, Jingbian County, northern Shaanxi Province, there is an image of immortals soaring by cranes (Figure 15); In addition, the mural tomb M1 of Han Dynasty in Haotan, Dingbian County, northern Shaanxi Province is also painted with an image of a pair of immortals driving cranes to escort the tomb owner to Tianmen. It is the dream of the Han people to fly to immortality after death. The contents of the murals in the above two Han tombs are the same. The method of depicting the crane pattern on the pottery stove reflects the tomb owner’s desire to fly the crane to immortality from another aspect.

Fig.15 A painting by a fairy in Hebi, M1 of the Eastern Han Tomb beside Yangqiao, Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province.

The practice of decorating que Lou, crane and dragon-headed chimney on pottery stoves in Yan ‘an area reflects the good wish of Han people to ascend to heaven after death, and is the embodiment of Taoist immortal thought in local funeral customs. In addition, Quelou, crane design and dragon-headed chimney, three decorative themes closely related to the idea of immortalization, appeared on the pottery stove at the same time, but rarely appeared on other types of funerary objects such as pottery warehouses and bottles. This difference reflects the particularity of the pottery stove in the system of funerary objects in this area, and it is likely to be an important carrier of the idea of immortalization, which is not seen in other areas.

(This article was originally published in the Journal of the National Museum of China, No.4, 2019, by the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwest University)

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　　In terms of interior, the new CR-V is somewhat similar to the interior of the new Civic, and the center console is decorated with a through air conditioning outlet. In terms of configuration, the new car provides a 10.1-inch suspended central control panel with built-in AR real-life navigation, a new standard 10 airbags, 12 speakers of BOSE brand, HUD head-up display, streaming rearview mirror, front seat heating, ventilation, steering wheel heating and wireless charging of mobile phones. At the same time, the new car will also provide a 5-seat /7-seat seat layout for consumers to choose from.

　　In terms of power, the fuel version is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine, with a maximum power of 193 HP (142kW) and a maximum torque of 243 Nm. The transmission system will match the CVT gearbox, and front-wheel drive and four-wheel drive versions will be provided. In the future, the new car will also launch a hybrid version, which adopts a 2.0L fourth-generation dual-motor hybrid system, equipped with a 2.0Li-VTEC engine and two motors, with a comprehensive power of 207 HP (152 kW) and a maximum torque of 335 Nm. (Text/car home Guo Chen)

Pentium T77 is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine, with a maximum power of 169HP and a peak torque of 258Nm, which is matched with a 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox. This engine not only performs well in power output, but also has satisfactory fuel economy. According to official data, the comprehensive fuel consumption is only 6.8L/100km, which gives consideration to both performance and economy.

In contrast, the Pentium Pony uses a 1.2T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 116 HP and a peak torque of 185 Nm, matching a 6-speed manual or 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox. This small displacement engine has good responsiveness at low speed and is suitable for urban driving. The official fuel consumption data is 5.8L/100km, showing excellent fuel economy.

In terms of power performance, the 1.5T engine of Pentium T77 is undoubtedly more powerful, which is suitable for consumers who pursue driving pleasure. The 1.2T engine of Pentium Pony is good at economy, which is more suitable for daily commuting. Both have their own strengths, and consumers can choose according to their own needs.

In terms of technology, turbocharging technology is adopted in both engines, and the 1.5T engine of Pentium T77 is also equipped with in-cylinder direct injection technology to improve fuel efficiency. Pentium Pony’s 1.2T engine achieved the dual goals of low fuel consumption and low emissions by optimizing the combustion chamber design.

Considering the power performance, fuel economy and technical characteristics, the engines of Pentium T77 and Pentium Pony have their own advantages and meet the needs of different consumers.

I suggest you test drive these two cars yourself, feel their actual performance and differences, and then make decisions according to your own feelings and needs.

1905 movie network news On September 29th, the opening ceremony of the youth urban emotional drama Lighter and Princess Dress, which was adapted from Twentine’s novel of the same name, was held. Chen Feiyu, Zhang Jingyi, Zhao Zhiwei, Jenny Zeng, Cui Yuxin, Qian Didi, Jiang Zixin and many other actors were pleasantly surprised, and a story about growing love began.

Chen Feiyu

High-value flower surprise cooperation

Mature team escort youth strength

Since the film and television project "Lighter and Princess Dress" was launched, it has attracted much attention. In casting, Li Kun, played by Chen Feiyu, is highly compatible with Chen Feiyu himself, both in terms of appearance conditions and juvenile spirit, and has received bursts of praise; Zhang Jingyi, the actor of Zhu Yun, won strong support from fans with her gentle temperament and good acting skills. In addition, except Chen Feiyu and Zhang Jingyi, who have been officially announced a few days ago, all other actors appeared at the opening ceremony, and the new lineup caused countless expectations. Among them, both Gao Jianhong, played by Zhao Zhiwei, and Jenny Zeng, played by Ren Di, surprised netizens with their excellent appearance and adaptive temperament.

In addition to starring off-site, at the launching ceremony, the chief producer Dunqi, director Liu Junjie, screenwriter Zhou Yong, co-director Ma Weiwei, producer Luo Yuanyuan, executive producer Wu Jinglin and Hu Xiao also attended the launching ceremony, and even delivered speeches. They said that Lighter and Princess Dress, as a masterpiece of T, won the love of many fans, and as a professional team, it will certainly create a film.

Zhang jingyi

With the development of IP film and television, the audience’s aesthetic requirements for film and television dramas are rising day by day. As the first film and television IP of T University, Lighter and Princess Dress has become the focus of attention of countless fans in grasping the degree of restoration and film and television innovation. It is worth mentioning that in order to ensure the quality of the works, the drama side is more cautious in choosing the main creative team. In terms of script, the playwright Zhou Yinglong, who has adapted excellent works such as Thank You Doctor and Spring Breeze is not as good as you in ten miles, was invited to create and control the play. The director Liu Junjie has even directed such hot TV dramas as Why Shengxiao Mo and Here comes Shanshan, and the Huang Wei team, who has worked as a costume designer in the films Tiny Times series and Qing Ya Ji, is responsible for the modeling. Such a creative team and team will undoubtedly add confidence to the film and television of Lighter and Princess Dress.

Zhang Jingyi, Chen Feiyu

Sweet and abusive disputes grow up together.

Extreme personal design creates different romance.

"Lighter and Princess Skirt" tells the story that after Li Yi and Zhu Yun, who grew up in different family backgrounds, became classmates, Li Yi’s arrogance wantonly attracted Zhu Yun, who yearned for freedom because of strict family education. They fought side by side again and again, attracting each other and supporting each other, but all the beauty came to an abrupt end because of an accident. Subsequently, after the growth and transformation, the two men once again joined hands to break into the tide of Internet entrepreneurship. From the young campus to the workplace, it is the princess and the knight. Zhu Yun cured Li Yi’s unknown pain with love; It is the king who leads the way, and Li Yi lights up the direction of Zhu Yun’s dream with affection.

Zhao Zhiwei, Jenny Zeng, Cui Yuxin, Qian Didi, Jiang Zixin

Healing with love, companionship with heart, persistence in chasing dreams and firmness in romantic peers have made the best love. The drama shows a positive view of love, which is touching. Different from the romantic and dreamy atmosphere created by the current romance market, Lighter and Princess Dress tells the love story of two people, and it is based on digging deep into the different growth aspects of the characters. Whether it is Li Yi’s insistence on never looking back or Zhu Yun’s courage to pursue her dreams, it is thought-provoking.

It is reported that "Lighter and Princess Dress" is expected to be finished in February next year and will meet the audience within next year.

A few days ago, in July 2022, a brief report on the analysis of road traffic operation in Nanhai District was released.What is the speed of the morning rush hour and evening rush hour in Nanhai District? Which roads are the most congested? Which bus lines are the hottest?Let’s take a look!

Road traffic operation

Overall operation of the whole region

In July 2022, the traffic in Nanhai District was running smoothly. The average traffic operation index in the morning and evening peak hours on weekdays is 5.02, down 15.2% from the previous month, and the road operation is improving. Among them, the morning peak operation index was 4.45, down 14.3% month-on-month, which was at the low value of "mild congestion", and the evening peak operation index was 5.58, down 16.1% month-on-month, and dropped to the "mild congestion" range.

Curve of peak traffic operation index value in the morning and evening of July 2022 in Nanhai District.

On the working day in July, 2022, the average peak speed in Nanhai District was 33.3km/h, up 1.8% from the previous month. The average speed increased slightly during the peak period. The average speed of the morning peak is 34.8km/h and the average speed of the evening peak is 31.8km/h this month.

Running speed of peak roads in the morning and evening of July 2022 in Nanhai District (unit km/h).

Top ten congested roads

At the peak of the weekday evening in July 2022, the east-west running speed of Ji Hua East Road was only 10.3km/h, and the road congestion index reached 10.0. The rest of the congested roads are shown in the table below:

Top Ten Congestion Roads in Nanhai District in the evening of July, 2022.

Regular bus operation

Overall passenger traffic

Changes of passenger volume of conventional public transport in Nanhai District in July 2022 (unit: 10,000 passengers/day).

In July 2022, the total number of bus passengers in the whole region was 278,000 passengers/day. Among them, the average daily passenger traffic of the red bus line (regional bus) is 164,000 passengers, and the average daily passenger traffic of the yellow-green bus (cross-regional bus) is 86,000 passengers.

Line passenger traffic TOP20

The average daily passenger traffic of Nanhai District in July 2022 was TOP20.

In July, 2022, the highest passenger traffic in Nanhai District was Li 07 Road, with an average daily passenger traffic of 12,451 passengers, much higher than other routes in Nanhai District.

TOP20 of the number of passengers on the site

In July, 2022, the average daily passenger load of conventional bus stops in Nanhai District was Top20.

In July 2022, the top three bus stops in Nanhai District were Xunfenggang Bus Station, Foshan West Station Bus Station and Xintiandi Square Bus Station.

Work of "Smooth Traffic Project" in Nanhai District

In order to solve the urban traffic congestion problem strongly reflected by the people and create a first-class business environment, the Nanhai District Party Committee and the district government actively responded to the implementation of the urban "unblocked project", and all departments kept a close eye on the task objectives and solidly promoted the implementation of various tasks. As of July 31, the transportation departments in Nanhai District have continued to promote the management of traffic congestion points and get through the work of "broken roads", and made progress in stages, as follows:

Traffic congestion point management

In 2022, the total task of blocking point control in Nanhai District was 25, and at present, 8 have been completed, with an overall completion rate of 32%.On the basis of promoting the implementation of the above 25 blocking points, the transportation department of Nanhai District also cooperated with the traffic police, Zhenjie and other relevant units to carry out eight comprehensive traffic management projects around Denghu Middle School, Vanke Jinyu Central and Songtang Village, and carried out comprehensive traffic management by means of channelization of intersections, optimization of bus operation services, and improvement of slow-moving systems, so as to continuously improve and upgrade the traffic operation environment in Nanhai District.

Completion of blocking point control task of "unblocked project" in Nanhai district.

Get through the "dead end"

In 2022, Nanhai District plans to complete four "broken roads" opening projects, and currently three projects have been opened:Jade South Street (Wudou Road-Dayi West Road) was completed and opened to traffic, and the integration level of production and city in the area was significantly improved; The Guangfo Jiangzhu expressway tunnel project of Guangfo Shinkansen was successfully connected, which promoted the intercommunication between Guangfo and Shuangcheng. Huacheng Road (Yihai Road to Ji Hua East Road) municipal engineering has completed the opening of the main bridge;The tunnel project of Huandao South Road (Ji Hua Laboratory) is 90% completed..

Get through the completion of the "broken road" task.

Construction of bicycle and electric bicycle lanes

In 2022, the construction and upgrading task of Nanhai District will be 240 kilometers. As of July 25th, 39 projects with a mileage of 109 kilometers have been completed in the whole region..

Completion of the task of building bicycle and electric bicycle lanes.

Traffic Operation Analysis of Foshan First Ring Road-Haiba Road Node

Foshan 1st Ring Road-Haiba Road node is located in the core area of Qiandeng Lake area in Guicheng, the gateway of bridgehead in Guangzhou-Foshan city, where high-speed and expressway intersect. The three-layer interchange structure and the intersection of ground auxiliary roads undertake the function of peripheral traffic distribution and conversion services. The space under the bridge is complex and the road traffic infrastructure conditions are tight. During the peak period, there is a great traffic demand in all directions, and the traffic congestion in the east, south and north directions is serious. The queue at the south entrance is over 1km, and the node congestion lasts for 6-7 hours all day. Node congestion causes contiguous congestion in surrounding areas, and long-term congestion has caused strong public reaction.

Traffic congestion status map of Foshan 1st Ring Road-Haiba Road node.

In view of the above problems, Nanhai District Transportation Bureau hosted a plan coordination meeting, at which it was unanimously agreed to comprehensively improve the intersection from four aspects: "regional road network traffic diversion, bottleneck traffic organization optimization, node time and space integration tapping potential, and slow service improvement".

The meeting made it clear that Guicheng Street should optimize and adjust the design scheme of space utilization at the bottom of the bridge in combination with the traffic improvement scheme at the intersection of Foshan First Ring Road and Haiba Road Bridge.The access road area and the bridge bottom area should give priority to ensuring the traffic space demand., the remaining space can be used for the space utilization project under the bridge, and Guicheng Street furtherOptimize the design scheme of the parking lot under the bridgeTo ensure that the vehicles entering and leaving do not interfere with the normal operation order of the intersection.

The meeting made it clear that Guicheng Street closely integrated the traffic improvement project at the intersection of Foshan First Ring Road and Haiba Road Bridge with the space utilization project at the bridge bottom.Improve intersection capacity and bridge bottom landscape..

Forward it quickly and tell the friends who drive!

Source: Zhujiang Times, Nanhai District Transportation Bureau

　　Russia says Ukrainian troops use American-made missiles to launch attacks, and Ukraine says it will mass-produce missiles and long-range drones.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Moscow/Kiev, November 19 (Reporter Li Dongxu, Yellow River) The Russian Defense Ministry announced on the 19th that at 3: 25 a.m. local time, the Oblast oblast was attacked by six American-made missiles of the Ukrainian army. On the same day, Ukrainian President Zelensky said that Ukraine will produce at least 3,000 missiles and 30,000 long-range drones next year.

　　The Russian Defense Ministry reported that it was confirmed that Uzbekistan used the American Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS). All six missiles were intercepted by the Russian air defense system, and the missile fragments fell into a military area in Bryansk State, and the fire caused was quickly extinguished. The Russian Defense Ministry said that the attack did not cause casualties.

　　In addition, peskov, press secretary of Russian President, said in an interview with the media on the new version of the Basic Policy of the Russian Federation on Nuclear Deterrence that Russia always regards nuclear weapons as a means of deterrence, and its use is limited to "extreme and compelling circumstances".

　　Peskov said that opponents should understand that aggression against Russia and its allies will inevitably be retaliated, which is the purpose of nuclear deterrence. Russia has always held a responsible position and made efforts to reduce the nuclear threat and avoid further deterioration of international relations. He said that this update of the nuclear policy is necessary to make the policy content conform to the current political situation.

　　Ukrainian President Zelensky said in a speech at the Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) that Ukraine will produce at least 3,000 missiles and 30,000 long-range unmanned aerial vehicles in 2025, the Interfax news agency of Ukraine reported on the 19th. He stressed that even without nuclear weapons, Ukraine can find conventional deterrent tools and will provide reliable financial support for weapons production.

　　On the 19th, the Ukrainian State Emergency Bureau posted on social media that the dormitory building of an educational institution in Gluchow Wo, Sumei, which is located on the Ukrainian-Russian border, was attacked by Russian drones late at night on the 18th, killing 11 people and injuring 11 others. Search and rescue work is still in progress.

　　On the same day, the Ukrainian Air Force posted on social media that from the evening of the 18th to the early morning of the 19th, Russian troops launched 87 attack drones into Ukraine from Kursk, Oreol and Crimea.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Known as "online celebrity weight loss coffee, imported, natural and harmless", however, Ms. Li, who lives in Xianju, Zhejiang Province, did not lose weight, but her body was abnormal after drinking this slimming coffee. What’s going on? What product is this "online celebrity weight loss coffee"? Let’s get to know each other.

　　　　　　 At the beginning of July this year, Ms. Li, a citizen of Xianju, saw an advertisement of weight loss coffee in a circle of friends. The product was labeled as "online celebrity", stating that the raw materials were "imported" and "natural and harmless". Ms. Li, who was bent on slimming, decided to place an order, but after drinking it several times, she found that her body was abnormal.

　　　　　　 Ms. Li, the victim: "After eating about 10 packets, I felt dizzy, my feet were weak, I was sleepy, and I wanted to vomit. Then I felt something was wrong. I went to the hospital for a check-up. The doctor said that my transaminase was elevated and my potassium content was low, saying that my liver was damaged."

　　　　　　 Ms. Li immediately called the police, and the police sent the weight loss coffee purchased by Ms. Li to the relevant departments for testing. The results showed that the product contained illegal drug ingredients prohibited by the state.

　　　　　　 Zhao Hengcheng, deputy head of the Public Security Brigade of Xianju County Public Security Bureau: "We have detected ‘ Sibutramine ’ And ‘ Phenolphthalein ’ After eating, we will feel dizzy, nausea and vomiting, which will cause life-threatening after excessive intake. "

　　　　　　 The reporter learned that sibutramine was used as an adjuvant treatment for obesity in its early years, but its side effects were great, which would lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, and even to stroke and death in severe cases. In October 2010, the State Food and Drug Administration decided to stop the production, sale and use of sibutramine preparations and APIs in China. Phenolphthalein is often used to treat chronic constipation and other diseases. Because phenolphthalein can cause a series of side effects, such as allergic reactions, and it can also cause irreversible intestinal nerve damage if it is taken improperly for a long time, it should be taken in strict accordance with the doctor’s advice, and generally it should not be used continuously for more than 3 days.

　　　　　　 In response to this case, the local police quickly set up a task force. However, when the police contacted Wechat business, who sold products to Ms. Li, they found that the other party had already deleted the number and disappeared.

　　　　　　 Li Wei, deputy director of the police stations under the Xianju County Public Security Bureau in Zhejiang Province: "They found that if someone had a problem, they would disappear and not contact. Later, we found Chen Mou, the general agent of Xianju through a lot of data analysis, and then found Yin Moumou in Jiangsu through Chen Mou."

　　　　　　 According to Yin Moumou and others, they are not responsible for production, but only agents. These weight loss coffee are purchased from the Internet at 80-90 yuan per pack, and they mainly develop offline to earn the difference.

　　　　　　 After the investigation and massive data analysis, all the clues point to Xie Moumou and Zhang in Antu County, Jilin Province. On November 22, the task force was divided into two ways, and Zhang, his parents who were producing and filling, and Xie Moumou who was selling online at home were arrested.

　　　　　　 Yesterday (12th) morning, the Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Bureau reported the case of the production and sale of toxic and harmful food on this mega-network. In one fell swoop, the whole chain criminal gang that produced and sold poisonous and harmful weight loss coffee and candy was smashed, and 10 criminal suspects were arrested, 13 dens and warehouses for production and sale were smashed, and 5,663 boxes of poisonous and harmful coffee and candy, 1,026 kilograms of raw materials and packaging materials were seized, involving a total amount of more than 66 million yuan.

　　　　　　 According to the criminal suspect, the gang’s main suspects Xie Moumou and Zhang are lovers. In 2017, they found that the market for weight-loss products was hot and the profits were high, so they decided to take risks and produce and sell weight-loss drugs themselves. According to online information, they learned that adding sibutramine or phenolphthalein to coffee had a significant weight-loss effect, so they purchased raw materials and equipment from the Internet and illegally produced them without obtaining relevant licenses, in order to expand the sales and influence of products.

　　　　　　 Zhao Hengcheng, deputy head of the Public Security Brigade of Xianju County Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province, said: "The cost is actually more than a dozen dollars, but it can be sold to the market for 300-500 yuan after it is completed. Their products are all packaged in online celebrity, French, English and Italian, which will be very confusing after it is put up. Because ordinary people can’t find it online, like this candy, it has an anti-counterfeiting label, which you can’t find through online search, which can increase its confusion. "

　　　　　　 In addition to the confusing packaging on the tall, the criminal suspect also used the successful case of losing weight to exaggerate the efficacy of the product.

　　　　　　 Ms. Li, the victim: "She said that this weight-loss product can lose 4-5 pounds a week, which is harmless to the body, and then I bought it."

　　　　　　 The preliminary investigation by the police found that the agents selling "weight loss coffee" spread all over more than 20 provinces in China. The police reminded consumers that in the numerous cases they detected, many unscrupulous merchants sold all kinds of goods under the label of "online celebrity products", which they called "miraculous". The police reminded that relevant departments must strengthen supervision, consumers should not blindly follow the trend, and must be cautious when purchasing.

　　　　　　 At present, of the 10 suspects arrested, 2 have been arrested according to law, and 8 have been taken criminal compulsory measures. The case is still under further investigation.

Introduction:2019In, natural disasters in China were mainly floods, typhoons, droughts, earthquakes and geological disasters, and disasters such as forest and grassland fires, wind and hail, low-temperature freezing and snow disasters also occurred to varying degrees. The emergency management department, together with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Health and Wellness Commission, the Bureau of Statistics, the Meteorological Bureau, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Grain and Reserve Bureau, the Joint Staff of the Central Military Commission and the Political Work Department.1.3Hundreds of millions of people were affected,909People are dead and missing,12.6Ten thousand houses collapsed and crops were affected.19256.9Thousand hectares, direct economic loss3270.9100 million yuan. The top ten natural disasters in the whole year are as follows:

one、1909Super typhoon "Lichima"

1909No.1 super typhoon "Lichima" in2019yeareightmoonfoursunnineWhen it was formed on the east side of the Philippines,fivesun18When it strengthened to a strong tropical storm level,sixsun21When it is strengthened to typhoon level,sevensunnineWhen it was strengthened to a strong typhoon level,sevensun15It was strengthened to a super typhoon level. exist24Within an hour, it quickly strengthened from a strong tropical storm level to a super typhoon level.eightmoon10sunonetime45At 8: 00, "Lichima" landed on the coast of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province. When landing, the maximum wind force near the center was16Level (fifty-tworice/Seconds), the lowest air pressure in the center is930Baipa. Since then11suntwentytime50Landing twice along the coast of Qingdao, Shandong Province, the maximum wind force near the center when landing isnineLevel (23rice/Seconds), the lowest air pressure in the center is980Hectopascals,13sun00time00Sub-weakened into tropical depression, the Central Meteorological Observatory13sunsixStop numbering it when. According to statistics, the super typhoon "Lichima" is1949Since, it has landed in mainland China with the fifth strongest typhoon, causing Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Liaoning, Shanghai, Fujian, Hebei and Jilin.nineProvince (city)64city403Counties (cities, districts)1402.4Ten thousand people were affected and died.66People, missingfourPeople, emergency transfer and resettlement209.7Ten thousand people;1.5Ten thousand houses collapsed,13.3Ten thousand rooms are damaged to varying degrees; Affected area of crops1137Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.93.5Thousand hectares; direct economic loss515.3100 million yuan.

2、sixIn the middle of last month, Guangxi, Guangdong and Jiangxi etc.sixFlood disaster in provinces (regions)

2019yearsixmoonsixSolstice13On April 29, there was a continuous heavy rainfall process in Jiangnan and northern South China. Among them, the cumulative rainfall in central and southern Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Zhejiang, Fujian, northwestern Guangxi, and central and eastern Guangdong exceeded100Mm, Guilin and Liuzhou in Guangxi, Ji ‘an in Jiangxi, Ganzhou, Fuzhou and Shangrao in Zhejiang, Quzhou in Fujian, Nanping, Sanming and Longyan in Fujian, Guangzhou, Heyuan and Shaoguan in Guangdong.250－four hundredMm, of which Guilin, Guangxi has the largest rainfall.832Millimeter, Ji ‘an, Jiangxi758Millimeter. The heavy rainfall caused floods, hailstorms, landslides, mudslides and other disasters in Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan and other places, resulting in the above.sixProvince (region)45City (autonomous prefecture)249County (city, district)577.8Ten thousand people were affected,91People die,sevenPeople are missing,42.1Ten thousand people were urgently transferred and resettled,18.2Ten thousand people need emergency life assistance;1.9Ten thousand houses collapsed,8.3Ten thousand rooms are damaged to varying degrees; Affected area of crops419.4Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.60.2Thousand hectares; direct economic loss231.8100 million yuan.

three, Guizhou Shuicheng "seven•23"Extraordinary landslide disaster

2019yearsevenmoon23sun21timetwentyA catastrophic landslide occurred in Chagou Formation, Pingdi Village, Jichang Town, Shuicheng County, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, with a landslide volume of about.200Yu Wanfang, causing nearly1600People are affected,43People die,ninePeople are missing,seven hundredThe rest of the people were urgently transferred and resettled,600Others need emergency life assistance;100More than two houses collapsed,2300The rest is damaged to varying degrees; direct economic loss1.9100 million yuan.

four, Sichuan "eight•twenty"Heavy rainfall, catastrophic mountain torrents and mudslides.

2019yeareightmoon19Solstice22Cumulative rainfall in the west of Sichuan basin on April 20, 2008.50－200Mm, Chengdu, Ya ‘an and Aba Prefecture, Leshan, Mianyang and other parts of the country.250－four hundredMm, Dayi County, Chengdu, Qionglai City and Lushan County, Ya ‘an.418－567Millimeter. The rainfall lasted for a long time and the rainfall was concentrated, which led to the outbreak of mountain torrents and mudslides in some areas. Disasters caused Aba, Ya ‘an and Leshan, etc.nineCity (autonomous prefecture)35Counties (cities, districts)44.6Ten thousand people were affected,26People die,19People are missing,7.3Ten thousand people were urgently transferred and resettled,4.7Ten thousand people need emergency life assistance;1000More than two houses collapsed,1.5Ten thousand rooms are damaged to varying degrees; Affected area of crops14.8Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.2.2Thousand hectares; Some infrastructure such as roads, water conservancy and electric power in the disaster area were seriously damaged, resulting in direct economic losses.158.9100 million yuan.

five、sevenFloods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the first half of last month

2019yearsevenmoonthreeSolstice17Japan, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River suffered continuously.2Heavy rains hit, among them,sevenmoonthreeSolstice10The strongest rainfall process occurred in the south after the flood season, Pingxiang, Jiangxi (497.3Mm), Xiajiang (461.4Mm), Leiyang, Hunan (396Millimeter), Hengdong (348.4Millimeter)fourThe continuous precipitation at the station broke through the historical extreme value. Over-alert water level floods occurred in Jiujiang-Datong reach of the main stream of the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake and several tributaries, among which Xiangjiang River exceeded.50A once-in-a-year catastrophic flood. The disaster caused Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan.fourprovince31City (autonomous prefecture)196County (city, district)1031.9Ten thousand people were affected,37People die,threePeople are missing,114.9Ten thousand emergency transfer and resettlement;2.1Ten thousand houses collapsed,2.2Ten thousand rooms were seriously damaged,7.4Ten thousand rooms are generally damaged; Affected area of crops776.9Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.171Thousand hectares; direct economic loss324.3100 million yuan.

sixDrought in summer, autumn and winter in southern China

2019yearfiveSince June, affected by the continuous high temperature and little rain, soil moisture loss is serious, and drought has occurred in some areas of Jianghan Jiangnan, especially in summer, autumn and winter.sevenSince the end of last month, the average precipitation in Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui has been less than 60% compared with the historical period, and the cumulative rainfall in Hunan has been less than the historical period.fiveInto the above. According to statistics, drought disasters have caused Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan.sixprovince67Cities (autonomous prefectures)387Counties (cities, districts)3263.5Ten thousand people were affected,677.6Ten thousand people need life assistance because of drought, among which295.3Ten thousand people need help because of the difficulty of drinking dry water; Affected area of crops3310.1Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.475.1Thousand hectares; Large livestock with difficulty in drinking water11.2Ten thousand heads (only); direct economic loss189.9100 million yuan.

sevenChangning, Sichuan6.0Magnitude earthquake

2019yearsixmoon17sun22time55Points, Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province (north latitude28.34Degree, east longitude104.9Degree)6.0M _ s earthquake, focal depth16Kilometers Since then, it has happened one after another.fourtimefiveAftershocks of magnitude above. Earthquake disasters caused Yibin and Leshan in Sichuan Province2city16Counties (cities, districts)35.9Ten thousand people were affected,13People die,9.5Ten thousand people were urgently transferred and resettled,3500More than two houses collapsed,22.3Ten thousand rooms are damaged to varying degrees, resulting in direct economic losses.56.2100 million yuan.

eight, Sichuan Muli "three•thirty"Forest fire

2019yearthreemoonthirtysun18time26A forest fire broke out in Muli County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province.threemoon31On the afternoon of, the officers and men of Liangshan Prefecture detachment of Sichuan Forest Fire Brigade and local fire fighters were together.689People are at altitude4000More than meters of virgin forest began to fight. During the fire fighting operation, due to the sudden change of wind direction, the combustible gas in the forest suddenly explodes, resulting in27A forest fire commander andfourA local cadre and the masses sacrificed.

nineShanxi Xiangning "three•15"Landslide disaster

2019yearthreemoon15sun18time10A landslide occurred on the north side of Zaoling Township Health Center in Xiangning County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, causing a family building in the health center (sixHousehold), a family building of the credit union (eightHouseholds) and a small bath center collapsed, causing100Others were affected,twentyPeople die,100The rest of the emergency transfer and resettlement, near100Between houses collapsed, direct economic losses.2100More than ten thousand yuan.

10Snowstorms in Yushu, Qinghai

2019At the beginning of the year, Yushu Prefecture in Qinghai Province appeared continuously.twelveDuring the second obvious snowfall, the snowfall and the number of days of heavy snowfall reached the highest in the same period of local history, and the number of snowfall days was the longest in history, resulting in persistent snow, with the maximum snow depth reaching.22Cm, resulting in a large number of livestock deaths, Yushu, Guoluo part of the township roads interrupted. Snowstorm caused Yushu, Guoluo and Haixi.threeautonomous prefecture13Counties20.7Ten thousand people are affected by disasters and need emergency life assistance.5.3Ten thousand head (only) livestock died, resulting in direct economic losses.2.1100 million yuan.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Hohhot, August 10 (Reporter Wang Jing) The off-road vehicle team frantically crushed the Xilin Gol grassland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and released a provocative video event to the local government. The latest progress was made on the 10th. On the same day, Beijing Hongtan Automobile Customized Modification Center, the organizer of cross-country activities, took the initiative to bring the case to justice, accepted punishment and apologized; Video shooter Shao has been fired, and he also apologized to Duolun County and the county magistrate.

　　At the end of July, Xilin Gol grassland in Duolun County was madly crushed by off-road vehicles. After the intervention of Duolun county government, four off-road vehicle drivers took the initiative to bring the case to justice, but the owner of a green off-road vehicle was delayed. Around August 5th, a bald man took the green off-road vehicle as the background and released a video to provoke Liu Jianjun, the county magistrate of Duolun County: "Jianjun, I’m home, where are you still chasing? Know this car? It’s coming back, baby. " The incident caused widespread public concern, and Duolun County set up a multi-department linkage task force to investigate.

　　On the 10th, Beijing Hongtan Automobile Custom Modification Center, which organized the off-road vehicle activity, took the initiative to bring the case to justice, and accepted the penalty of fines, vegetation restoration and video public apology made by Duolun County.

　　Bing Lin, general manager of Beijing Hongtan Automobile Customization and Modification Center, said: "On behalf of the company, I sincerely apologize to the Duolun county government and county magistrate, to the mass media and netizens, and to the society for the incident of an off-road vehicle crushing grassland in Duolun on July 28th. This incident and the video released by Shao, an employee of our company, are of a bad nature and have a very bad influence. In this regard, our company bears all the consequences of participating employees, and accepts laws and regulations and social moral supervision. At present, the company has dismissed Shao. In order to recover losses and adverse effects as much as possible, the company will voluntarily plant more than 10 mu of trees in Duolun County every year. "

　　The reporter learned from the Duolun county government that Shao, the bald man in the provocative video, has left his post at present, and he also apologized to the Duolun county government for recording the video. In the video, Shao said: "I sincerely apologize to the Duolun County Government and the county magistrate Liu. I’m sorry. Uploading videos in the future will also pay attention to my words and deeds. "

　　In response to this matter, Wang Jian, director of the Grassland Supervision Department of the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, called on the whole society to take action and civilized tourism to jointly protect the Inner Mongolia prairie. He also reminded that it is illegal to crush grasslands at will, and a fine of more than three times and less than nine times the average output value in the three years before the grassland was destroyed can be imposed.

Original Shanghai Minjian Shanghai Minjian

The member’s home is an innovative carrier for civil construction to perform its functions and an important platform for grass-roots organizations. At present, it has achieved full coverage of the homes of 16 district Committee members in the city. Among them, 17 member homes are open to the city’s civil construction organizations. Let’s go and have a look!

one

Tongxin yuan

Tongxin Yuan-Pudong Democratic National Construction Association Member House (Laozu Zen Hall) was established in 2018 and is located at 72-76 Zhongshi Street, Chuansha Ancient Town. As a famous historical and cultural town, the birthplace of Dongxiang tune of Shanghai Opera, the former residence of Huang Yanpei, founder of the Democratic National Construction Association, and the birthplace of Soong Ching Ling and his brother and sister, Chuansha is said to be the root of Pudong culture. As the cultural benchmark of Chuansha and the cultural landmark of Pudong, the "one-stop" space of Laozu Zen Hall is a collection of ancient stages, cultural homestays rebuilt from celebrities’ former residences, and literati family banquets.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Xuan Hao

Tel: 021-50873318

Address: No.76 Zhongshi Street, Pudong New Area

Opening hours: 10: 00-17: 00.

2

Pudong district Committee chuanshaer branch members’ home

In January, 2020, the first grass-roots member’s home of the Pudong District Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association-the member’s home of the second branch of Chuansha was established. This place is provided by member Shen Long.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Shen Long

Tel: 13651686168

Address: No.1268 Nanqiao Road, Pudong New Area

Opening hours: 9: 00-21: 00.

three

A new workshop built by the people’s Republic of China-Ding Chuanghui

As the home of members of the 14th branch of Changning District Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association, "Minjian New Workshop-Dingchuanghui" relies on the maker incubator base, industrial parks and cultural venues provided by Changning Minjian members free of charge, focusing on serving members and new social strata, covering all members of the Democratic National Construction Association and new social strata (returnees and entrepreneurs, etc.) in the radiation area, and forming multiple sets of activity menus by integrating various resources. To provide a platform for members of the Democratic National Construction Association and people from new social strata to participate in and discuss state affairs, a place for mutual exchange and a garden for fitness activities, and actively create new gathering points for people from different social strata and new activity centers for grass-roots branches and special committees of Changning Democratic Construction Association.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Liu Bin

Tel: 021-52352763

Address: Building 2, No.1205 Kaixuan Road, Changning District

Opening hours: 9: 00-18: 00.

four

Jiachun Garden, a New Workshop Built by the People’s Republic of China

In January 2019, Jiachun Garden, the "Minjian New Workshop", was officially opened as the home of members of Changning District Committee of Minjian. Jiachun Tongchuangyuan, founded in 2012, began to mainly operate Yuyuanfang Teahouse located on the first floor of Building 2, No.753 Yuyuan Road. With the continuous maturity of the 753 Park and the gradual formation of the Wenchuang Park, Yuyuanfang Teahouse gradually moved towards the development direction of enterprise incubation and established an enterprise incubation base.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Zhu Yongming

Tel: 021-62401100

Address: No.753 Yuyuan Road, Changning District

Opening hours: 10: 00-21: 00.

five

Changning district Committee 8 th branch members’ home

The member’s home of the eighth branch of Changning District Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association is located in the member company Shanghai Newzhe Ruishi Health Management Co., Ltd., which can provide venues and service support for various forums, lectures, salons and other learning and exchange activities of the Democratic National Construction Association and special activities such as participating in and discussing state affairs.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Dong Fuzheng

Tel: 021-61919071

Address: 18C, No.1016 Dingxi Road, Changning District

Opening hours: Monday-Friday 9:30-18:00.

six

Changning district Committee 9 th branch members’ home

The member’s home of the ninth branch of Changning District Committee of China Democratic National Construction Association is located in Rudong Information Technology Service (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., a member enterprise, with an office area of about 600㎡, which can provide printing, coffee break, WiFi, meeting room (which can accommodate 30 people) and other services for members of China Democratic Construction Association. At the same time, it can also provide venues and service support for various forums, lectures, salons and other learning and exchange activities and special activities such as participating in and discussing state affairs.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Mr. Huang

Tel: 021-62550296

Address: Room 506, Block B, Shangpin Duhui, No.268 Tongxie Road, Changning District

Opening hours: 9: 00-19: 00 on Saturday and Sunday.

seven

Changning district Committee no.11 branch members home

The member’s home of the 11th branch of Changning District Committee of China Democratic National Construction Association is located in Block A, 8th floor, Yundu Hongqiao Building, No.930 Zhongshan West Road, Hongqiao Street, Changning District (creating krypton public welfare). The whole member’s home covers an area of 320 square meters, and consists of four parts: conference room, tea room, historical publicity area of China Democratic National Construction Association and working area, and is equipped with full-time service personnel. Here, members of the Democratic National Construction Association can organize life, small meetings, members’ tea parties and other activities, and they can surf the Internet, read books, communicate, etc. Tea, coffee, fruits, copying, printing, internet, lottery boxes, league games and other instruments are provided free of charge.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Dong Deming

Tel: 021-52521551

Address: Block A, 8th Floor, Yundu Hongqiao Building, No.930 Zhongshan West Road, Hongqiao Street, Changning District (Chuangke Public Welfare)

Opening hours: Monday-Friday 9: 00-17: 00.

eight

Changning district Committee no.12 branch members home

The member’s home of the 12th branch of Changning District Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association is provided by member Li Ying, which can provide venues and service support for various forums, lectures, salons and other learning and exchange activities of the Democratic National Construction Association and special activities such as participating in and discussing state affairs, and decorate the member’s home into a "three-owned" home with a history, culture and atmosphere of the Democratic National Construction Association.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Zhuang Yong

Tel: 021-62782066

Address: No.10 Anshun Road, Changning District

Opening hours: Monday-Friday 9: 00-17: 00.

nine

Putuo District Committee No.17 Branch Members Home

The member’s home of the 17th branch of Putuo District Committee of China Democratic National Construction Association is located in Shanghai Chuangzhi Computer Technology Co., Ltd., the company is located between the inner ring and the central ring, and the subway lines 13 and 15 are direct, with convenient transportation. With a total office area of 1,300 ㎡ and a comfortable and elegant office environment, the company can provide services such as parking, WiFi, printing, copying, scanning, mini-bar, teleconferencing, projection and meeting room (which can accommodate 20 people) for members of the Democratic National Construction Association. At the same time, the company has an advanced modular computer room, which can be directly used by the host. The company can provide venues and service support for various forums, lectures, salons, leisure, study, exchange activities and participation in politics and other special activities.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Huang Wenhui

Tel: 021-51556018

Address: floors 1 and 2, No.18 Tiandi Software Park, Lane 879, Zhongjiang Road, Putuo District

Opening hours: 9: 00-18: 00.

10

Yangpu district Wei Chuang yi home

The Wing Home of Yangpu District Committee of China Democratic National Construction Association is located in Shanghai Jingwei Architectural Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., a member company, with an office area of about 8,000 ㎡, which can provide printing, coffee break, WiFi, academic lecture hall (which can accommodate 200 people) and meeting room (which can accommodate 30 people) for members of China Democratic National Construction Association. At the same time, it can also provide venues and service support for various forums, lectures, salons and other learning and exchange activities and special activities such as participating in and discussing state affairs.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Mr. Pan

Tel: 021-65039009 to 6627.

Address: Building 10-12, No.503 Ningguo Road (Forte Four Seasons Square), Yangpu District

Opening hours: 9: 00-19: 00 on Saturday and Sunday.

11

Baoshan district Committee members home

The member’s home of Baoshan District Committee of Minjian is located in the member company Shanghai Gangzhijie (Group) Co., Ltd., and the member’s home has two blocks: the visit and exhibition area and the conference activity area. The visit and exhibition area includes: the display of the ideological construction, organizational construction, social service of participating in and discussing state affairs, the publicity column of civil construction knowledge, and the display of relevant publications of civil construction. The conference activity area is used for holding small meetings and activities, as well as displaying the honor of the district Committee.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Ms. Mao

Tel: 021-56175917

Address: No.8409 Hutai Road, Luojing Town, Baoshan District

Opening hours: Due to the recent changes in the epidemic situation, member enterprises have been informed by their superiors to control the flow of foreign personnel, and employees in the enterprise are working from home as much as possible, so they cannot be opened to the public for the time being. Please forgive me. If an organization wants to use the member house in the future, please contact Ms. Mao in advance.

twelve

Jiayanyuan

Jia Yan Yuan, the member home of Jiading Democratic National Construction Association, is located in Qian Yan Tang, the former residence of Qian Daxin, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, and is adjacent to Hu Juewen Life Exhibition Hall, the central patriotic education base of the Democratic National Construction Association. Its unique geographical advantages and rich collection of historical materials make it a treasure place to carry out theoretical research on the history and multi-party cooperation. Art works such as calligraphy and painting, rubbings, books related to civil construction, historical materials, etc. are displayed in the hall, and activities such as education and study, theme visits, seminars and exchanges are often held, so that new and old members can savor the glorious history of the meeting and recall the feelings of the sages in the ink.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Min Qing

Tel: 021-69583515

Address: No.12, Nanxiatang Street, Jiading District

Opening hours: closed on Monday

9:00-11:00 13:00-16:00

13

Jiading minjian jiangqiao branch members’ home

The member’s home of Jiangqiao Branch of Jiading Minjian is located in Shanghai Qingu Art Museum (the exhibition hall covers an area of 10,000 ㎡), with an area of about 60㎡. It can provide printing, coffee break, WiFi, meeting room (which can accommodate 10-15 people) and other services for members of Minjian. At the same time, you can also visit art exhibitions, participate in pottery activities, drink tea in Qin ancient times, and experience the special dining in Qin ancient Chinese dining rooms. Provide venues and cultural service support for various forums, lectures, salons and other learning and exchange activities and special activities such as participating in and discussing state affairs.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Alin

Tel: 021-69106351

Address: No.2888 Cao ‘an Highway, Jiading District

Opening hours: 9: 30-20: 00.

14

Songjiang district Committee 2 nd comprehensive branch members home

The member’s home of the second comprehensive branch of Songjiang District Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association is located in the flagship store of Senxian Pavilion opened by Gu Huihua, deputy chairman of the branch, and Shanghai Yingjiu Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. in Times Town, Songjiang. The branch has set up book shelves and discussion areas in members’ homes, which provides convenient conditions for the majority of members to carry out activities.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Lu Ye

Tel: 021-67769516

Address: No.614, Lane 900, Sanxin North Road, Songjiang District

Opening hours: 8: 00-20: 00.

15

Songjiang district Committee 3 rd comprehensive branch members’ home

The member’s home of Songjiang Comprehensive Branch of China Democratic National Construction Association is located in Building 5, No.555 Shihui Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai (with a building area of 450m2). It can provide reading, tea break, painting and calligraphy, musical instruments, WiFi, meeting room (which can accommodate 20 people) and other services for members of China Democratic Construction Association. At the same time, you can also visit the appreciation of Chinese quintessence art and lectures on Chinese culture, and provide venues and cultural service support for various forums, lectures, salons and other learning exchange activities and special activities such as participating in and discussing state affairs.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Jin Jinjian

Tel: 021-37799766

Address: Building 5, No.555 Shihui Road, Zhongshan Street, Songjiang District (Lvchao Science Park)

Opening hours: 9: 30-20: 00.

16

Qingpu minjian home

Qingpu Minjian House was founded in 2018. It is located on the second floor of Shanghai Qingpu Qingzhu Art Museum, No.7203, Beiqing Highway, Qingpu District, with an area of about 75 square meters. It is furnished with exhibition boards such as introduction of Minjian, history of Minjian, branch system and social services, and learning materials such as the general chapter, history, journal and United front theory. The "Minjian House" has become a new activity platform for members to learn about Minjian sages, history and history. Minjian House borrowed the office space of Qingzhu Art Museum, and members of Minjian raised funds and sponsored office equipment.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Huang Zewei

Tel: 021-60765118-8009

Address: Floor 2, Qingzhu Art Museum, No.7203, Beiqing Highway, Qingpu District

Opening hours: 9: 00-17: 00.

17

Chongming minjian ecology home

Chongming Minjian Ecological House is located in Shanghai Yiyatongtan Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd., and consists of three parts: Minjian Concentric Corridor, Minjian Meeting Room and Minjian Activity Room. The "Concentric Corridor of Democratic National Construction Association" focuses on the history and performance of the Central Committee of Democratic National Construction Association and Shanghai Municipal Committee of Democratic National Construction Association. The development history, organizational construction, ideological propaganda, participation in politics, social service, branch construction, special committee construction of Chongming District Committee of Democratic National Construction Association, and the development of Jiangnan Organization of Democratic National Construction Association in Chongming, etc. The activity room and conference room of the Democratic National Construction Association concentrated on displaying the honors and certificates won by the Chongming District Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association; The original works of Marxism-Leninism, the propaganda publications of the Central Committee, the Municipal Party Committee and the District Committee of the Democratic National Construction Association, and the propaganda publications of the United front.

Organizations that need to visit can directly contact the staff below to make an appointment ~

Contact: Xue Qin

Tel: 021-59610359

Address: No.92 Hanshansi Road, Chongming District

Opening hours: 9: 00-17: 00.

Shanghai minjian

shanghaiminjian

Original title: "These members’ homes are open to the city’s civil construction organizations! 》

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