CCTV News:Known as "online celebrity weight loss coffee, imported, natural and harmless", however, Ms. Li, who lives in Xianju, Zhejiang Province, did not lose weight, but her body was abnormal after drinking this slimming coffee. What’s going on? What product is this "online celebrity weight loss coffee"? Let’s get to know each other.

　　　　　　 At the beginning of July this year, Ms. Li, a citizen of Xianju, saw an advertisement of weight loss coffee in a circle of friends. The product was labeled as "online celebrity", stating that the raw materials were "imported" and "natural and harmless". Ms. Li, who was bent on slimming, decided to place an order, but after drinking it several times, she found that her body was abnormal.

　　　　　　 Ms. Li, the victim: "After eating about 10 packets, I felt dizzy, my feet were weak, I was sleepy, and I wanted to vomit. Then I felt something was wrong. I went to the hospital for a check-up. The doctor said that my transaminase was elevated and my potassium content was low, saying that my liver was damaged."

　　　　　　 Ms. Li immediately called the police, and the police sent the weight loss coffee purchased by Ms. Li to the relevant departments for testing. The results showed that the product contained illegal drug ingredients prohibited by the state.

　　　　　　 Zhao Hengcheng, deputy head of the Public Security Brigade of Xianju County Public Security Bureau: "We have detected ‘ Sibutramine ’ And ‘ Phenolphthalein ’ After eating, we will feel dizzy, nausea and vomiting, which will cause life-threatening after excessive intake. "

　　　　　　 The reporter learned that sibutramine was used as an adjuvant treatment for obesity in its early years, but its side effects were great, which would lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, and even to stroke and death in severe cases. In October 2010, the State Food and Drug Administration decided to stop the production, sale and use of sibutramine preparations and APIs in China. Phenolphthalein is often used to treat chronic constipation and other diseases. Because phenolphthalein can cause a series of side effects, such as allergic reactions, and it can also cause irreversible intestinal nerve damage if it is taken improperly for a long time, it should be taken in strict accordance with the doctor’s advice, and generally it should not be used continuously for more than 3 days.

　　　　　　 In response to this case, the local police quickly set up a task force. However, when the police contacted Wechat business, who sold products to Ms. Li, they found that the other party had already deleted the number and disappeared.

　　　　　　 Li Wei, deputy director of the police stations under the Xianju County Public Security Bureau in Zhejiang Province: "They found that if someone had a problem, they would disappear and not contact. Later, we found Chen Mou, the general agent of Xianju through a lot of data analysis, and then found Yin Moumou in Jiangsu through Chen Mou."

　　　　　　 According to Yin Moumou and others, they are not responsible for production, but only agents. These weight loss coffee are purchased from the Internet at 80-90 yuan per pack, and they mainly develop offline to earn the difference.

　　　　　　 After the investigation and massive data analysis, all the clues point to Xie Moumou and Zhang in Antu County, Jilin Province. On November 22, the task force was divided into two ways, and Zhang, his parents who were producing and filling, and Xie Moumou who was selling online at home were arrested.

　　　　　　 Yesterday (12th) morning, the Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Bureau reported the case of the production and sale of toxic and harmful food on this mega-network. In one fell swoop, the whole chain criminal gang that produced and sold poisonous and harmful weight loss coffee and candy was smashed, and 10 criminal suspects were arrested, 13 dens and warehouses for production and sale were smashed, and 5,663 boxes of poisonous and harmful coffee and candy, 1,026 kilograms of raw materials and packaging materials were seized, involving a total amount of more than 66 million yuan.

　　　　　　 According to the criminal suspect, the gang’s main suspects Xie Moumou and Zhang are lovers. In 2017, they found that the market for weight-loss products was hot and the profits were high, so they decided to take risks and produce and sell weight-loss drugs themselves. According to online information, they learned that adding sibutramine or phenolphthalein to coffee had a significant weight-loss effect, so they purchased raw materials and equipment from the Internet and illegally produced them without obtaining relevant licenses, in order to expand the sales and influence of products.

　　　　　　 Zhao Hengcheng, deputy head of the Public Security Brigade of Xianju County Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province, said: "The cost is actually more than a dozen dollars, but it can be sold to the market for 300-500 yuan after it is completed. Their products are all packaged in online celebrity, French, English and Italian, which will be very confusing after it is put up. Because ordinary people can’t find it online, like this candy, it has an anti-counterfeiting label, which you can’t find through online search, which can increase its confusion. "

　　　　　　 In addition to the confusing packaging on the tall, the criminal suspect also used the successful case of losing weight to exaggerate the efficacy of the product.

　　　　　　 Ms. Li, the victim: "She said that this weight-loss product can lose 4-5 pounds a week, which is harmless to the body, and then I bought it."

　　　　　　 The preliminary investigation by the police found that the agents selling "weight loss coffee" spread all over more than 20 provinces in China. The police reminded consumers that in the numerous cases they detected, many unscrupulous merchants sold all kinds of goods under the label of "online celebrity products", which they called "miraculous". The police reminded that relevant departments must strengthen supervision, consumers should not blindly follow the trend, and must be cautious when purchasing.

　　　　　　 At present, of the 10 suspects arrested, 2 have been arrested according to law, and 8 have been taken criminal compulsory measures. The case is still under further investigation.

人民网北京6月17日电，近日陆续公开的重庆不雅视频案落马厅官雷政富减刑，前首富、国美创始人黄光裕减刑消息，让“减刑”再度受到舆论关注。数据显示，目前全国减刑、假释案件一年有60多万件。据新华社《瞭望东方周刊》2011年报道，中国在押犯每年至少有20%至30%获得减刑。其中政商界减刑案亦不在少数，如原铁道部部长刘志军、武警少将吕文彦、薄谷开来由死缓减为无期；广东省委统战部原副部长黄少雄、辽阳市公安局原副局长富龙由无期减为有期；原足协副主席南勇、杨一民刑期变短等，均轰动一时。

我国法律规定，减刑只能适用于特定对象。依照刑法第78条之规定，被判处管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子，在执行期间，如果认真遵守监规，接受教育改造，确有悔改表现的，或者有立功表现的，可以减刑。《最高人民法院关于办理减刑、假释案件具体应用法律若干问题的规定》对“确有悔改表现”、应当认定为有“立功表现”的具体情形，以及相应的减刑幅度等都作出明确规定。此外，法院对于“三类罪犯”(职务犯、金融犯、涉黑犯)的减刑假释，在起始期、间隔期、减刑幅度和审理程序方面相比于普通罪犯都有更严格的要求。

According to another introduction, it is most important for prisoners to obtain commutation in prison. The actual performance is divided into five aspects: basic norms, labor norms, learning norms, living hygiene norms, civilized manners norms, etc. Each aspect has a clear quantitative assessment standard, which is assessed by the prison area every day, studied every week, and evaluated every ten days. According to the total score of the five aspects, it is converted into reward points every month according to the principle of high to low, and the reward points are accumulated month by month. After reaching a certain score, the administrative reward is evaluated, and the prisoner can declare the commutation according to the number of administrative rewards he has obtained. A prisoner who has received a major meritorious service award shall have his sentence reduced.

The reporter combed the cases of commutation of political and business sentences in recent years and found that good performance, active reform, praise, invention patents, publication of articles, participation in cultural and sports activities, exposure of others, and no intentional crime during the suspended execution of death penalty can all be used as the basis for commutation.

Lei Zhengfu.

Reason for commutation: active repentance for labor reform

In November, 2012, Lei Zhengfu, the official of the Falling Horse Hall in Chongqing indecent video case, was sentenced to 13 years’ imprisonment for accepting bribes. China Judgment Document Network recently announced that Lei Zhengfu, the former secretary of Beibei District Party Committee, was awarded three administrative awards for his repentance during his prison term, and he was able to seriously abide by laws, regulations and prison rules, accept education and reform, and complete production tasks well. He was sentenced to reduce his fixed-term imprisonment by 10 months according to law.

Similar to Lei Zhengfu’s case, recently, the website of Fujian Higher People’s Court released a message that Lv Wenyan, a major general of the Armed Police, was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence of 20 million yuan, which has been reduced to life. The reason given by the court for Lv Wenyan’s commutation is: it was found through trial that during the suspended execution of the death penalty, Lv Wenyan, a criminal, could plead guilty and repent, abide by laws and regulations, abide by the Code of Conduct for Prisoners, participate in all kinds of education, get qualified grades, actively participate in labor and strive to complete labor tasks.

Liang Yongxiang, former vice president and executive director of Jiangmen Intermediate People’s Court, was sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment for accepting bribes in March 2012, and his property was confiscated by 100,000 yuan. While serving his sentence in prison, Liang Yongxiang won 25 awards for his efforts to complete the production task. In September 2013, he was named as a reform activist. For this reason, the prison proposed to reduce his sentence and obtained the approval of the court, reducing his imprisonment by 11 months.

Reason for commutation: to be rewarded for voluntarily paying the penalty.

Huang Guangyu, the founder of Gome, who was imprisoned in November 2008, was convicted of illegal business operation, insider trading and unit bribery. He was sentenced to 14 years in prison, fined 600 million yuan and confiscated 200 million yuan of property. The Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court issued a criminal ruling at the end of last month. During his sentence, Huang Guangyu, a criminal, was rewarded by prison reform activists for the second time, and his sentence was reduced by 11 months. In addition, Huang Guangyu has voluntarily paid fines and confiscated some personal property totaling RMB 800 million, and turned over illegal income of RMB 23,669,400.

In 2014, Hebei Women’s Prison explained the media report that "Tian Wenhua, the former chairman of Sanlu, commuted his sentence". Since April 2, 2009, the criminal Tian Wenhua has served his sentence in Hebei Women’s Prison. During his prison term, the criminal was able to plead guilty and obey the law, abide by the prison rules and discipline, actively participate in study, education and labor reform, and was awarded three times for merit assessment. He was named as an activist of prison level reform in 2010, and he did show repentance. In November 2011, the Higher People’s Court of Hebei Province ruled that his sentence was reduced from life imprisonment to fixed-term imprisonment of 19 years and deprivation of political rights to 6 years. After commutation, Tian was rewarded with many times for his good performance in reform, and there was no violation of discipline. In May 2014, the Intermediate People’s Court of Shijiazhuang City ruled that he was sentenced to one year and nine months in prison.

Wang Jianzhong, a "stock market Darkmouth", was sentenced to 7 years’ imprisonment and fined more than 125 million yuan for the crime of manipulating the securities market in August 2011. In December, 2014, the Beijing Public Security Bureau suggested that Wang Jianzhong be given an 11-month sentence reduction on the grounds that he had won two awards from activists in detention center reform. The Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court found through trial that Wang Jianzhong was "able to plead guilty and repent and receive education and reform during his prison term. From July 2012 to July 2014, he won two awards from activists of detention center reform, and finally decided to reduce Wang Jianzhong’s sentence by 10 months.

黄光裕。

减刑理由之：获得表扬

2012年8月19日，薄谷开来因犯故意杀人罪被判处死刑，缓期二年执行，剥夺政治权利终身。2015年法院裁定将罪犯薄谷开来死刑缓期二年执行的刑罚减为无期徒刑。其服刑的司法部燕城监狱的提请减刑建议书称，该犯在服刑期间能够遵守监规纪律，按照《监狱服刑人员行为规范》要求自己；参加思想、文化、技术学习，成绩合格；在劳动中，服从分配，按时完成劳动任务。在死刑缓期执行考验刑期执行期间，没有故意犯罪。在司法部燕城监狱于2013年5月、2013年11月、2014年5月共获表扬3次。

足坛反赌案要犯——中国足协原副主席杨一民在服刑期间，于2012年11月至2013年10月共获得表扬4次，还在狱中写了认罪悔罪书。鉴于此，燕城监狱向北京市二中院提出减刑建议，北京市二中院审理认定，杨一民“能认罪悔罪，认真遵守监规纪律，服从管理，积极参加学习，表现较好，确有悔改表现，依法予以减刑”。

On April 26th, 2011, Lu Jinchang, the former deputy commander of the development and construction headquarters in the northern part of Kunming, was sentenced to life imprisonment at first instance for accepting bribes and misappropriating public funds. In June 2013, the prison said that Lu Jinchang had won three praises and two special praises, and was rated as a sick prisoner due to illness. His life imprisonment was changed to 19 years and 9 months’ imprisonment.

Reason for commutation: invention patent

Nan Yong, the former vice chairman of the Football Association and director of the Football Management Center of the State Sports General Administration, was arrested by the Liaoning procuratorate in March 2010 and sentenced to 10 years and 6 months in prison in 2012, and fined RMB200,000. On December 9, 2014, the Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court pronounced a sentence in court, and ruled that Nan Yong was sentenced to one year’s imprisonment. One of the reasons for the commutation was that Nan Yong invented four patents during his prison term and was praised by the prison. According to the patent inquiry system of China National Intellectual Property Administration China, Nan Yong’s four patents are: a soccer shooting practice device, a portable goal, a mobile terminal support frame and a desktop computer display assembly.

Liang Jianxing, the former secretary of the Party Committee and director of the Health Bureau of Fenghua City, Zhejiang Province, was sentenced to prison for accepting bribes in 2008. As of November 2014, a total of 11 inventions have obtained national patent certification in about six years. Its patents include an eye massager, a disposable nose sleeve for preventing PM2.5, and a pill counter. In 2011, Liang Jianxing received a one-year and three-month sentence reduction for his good performance in prison.

Lou Weigang, the former deputy director of the Transportation Bureau of a city in Sichuan Province, has been in prison since 2006. During his prison term, he cooperated with his inmates to invent two items, namely, the wall-mounted cigarette lighter and the embedded depth indicator of underwater pouring concrete conduit, and successfully applied for patents.

Chen Jianping, former director of the Geothermal Department of Beijing Land and Resources, took 458,000 bribes in seven years and was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the Second Intermediate People’s Court of Beijing for accepting bribes. During his prison term, Chen Jianping obtained patent certification for his inventions in the energy field.

Reason for commutation: publishing articles, books and newspapers

On July 8, 2013, Liu Zhijun, former Minister of Railways, was sentenced to death with a two-year suspension for accepting bribes and abusing his power. In December, 2015, the Beijing Higher People’s Court publicized the case of Liu Zhijun’s commutation. Since the delivery, Liu Zhijun, a criminal, has not intentionally committed a crime, but has been able to voluntarily plead guilty and obey the law, consciously accept education and reform, correctly understand the social harm of the crime, deeply analyze the root causes of the crime, and actively play his own social value. The warning value article "My Reflection and Analysis on the Crime Committed" was awarded the second prize by the prison. Be able to actively participate in political studies and collective activities, complete ideological reports on time, and constantly improve ideological understanding; Be able to participate in labor reform as much as possible, conscientiously complete labor tasks, and do a good job in indoor and outdoor sanitation and cleaning according to regulations. In 2014, Liu Zhijun, a criminal, was awarded by an activist of prison labor reform for his good performance in prison reform. Later, the court ruled that Liu Zhijun’s death penalty with a two-year suspension was reduced to life imprisonment.

Zhang Erjiang, the former deputy secretary of Danjiangkou Municipal Committee and mayor of Hubei Province, who was called "secretary of the five poisons" for "boasting, selling, whoring, gambling and greed", was sentenced to 18 years in July 2002 for accepting bribes and corruption. During his prison term, he used his own cultural knowledge to write four literary criticism books, namely, A New Interpretation of Poems of < Wind >, An Annotation of Sun Tzu’s Art of War in Vernacular Warfare, An Annotation of Shangshu in Vernacular Warfare, and A New Interpretation of Poems of < Ya Song >, which have been published by Hunan People’s Publishing House and Shaanxi People’s Publishing House respectively. Among them, his book Vernacular Military Classics-Sun Tzu’s Art of War, written under the pen name Yuanjiang, was appraised as "a valuable contribution to the accurate understanding of Sun Tzu’s Art of War" by Sun Tzu’s Art of War Research Society of the Academy of Military Sciences. The prison reduced his sentence by one year in 2005; In 2006, Zhang Erjiang won another major meritorious award; In June 2007, the sentence was reduced for another two years and six months.

Nan Yong, the former vice chairman of the Football Association, not only declared many inventions in prison, but also worked hard when he took part in labor, and was elected as the leader of the greening team of Yancheng Prison. I also wrote several books in my spare time. One of them, The Lonely Sacrificer, was published last year. Nan Yong’s Lonely Sacrifice won a total of 180 points in two months, that is, a reward praised by the prison, which is equivalent to two months’ commutation. This award enabled Nan Yong to get a two-month commutation, which also made his final commutation time reach one year.

In 1996, Hu Jianxue, former party secretary of Tai ‘an City, Shandong Province, was sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve for accepting bribes. During his prison term, his sentence was reduced five times for his active performance in running a newspaper in prison, and his sentence was reduced from death to 15 years and 6 months in prison.

Reason for commutation: report and expose other people’s crimes

In April this year, Chen Xiaobo, former deputy secretary of the Party Committee of shenzhen polytechnic and member of the Fifth CPPCC, was tried for accepting bribes. The Yantian District Court held that, in view of the fact that after Chen Xiaobo was brought to justice, he exposed the criminal acts of others and verified them, which constituted meritorious service and mitigated the punishment according to law; Moreover, after he was brought to justice, he truthfully confessed the facts of the crime, and his guilty attitude was good, so he could be given a lighter punishment according to law. In addition, after the incident, Chen Xiaobo returned most of the stolen money, which can be mitigated as appropriate. The Yantian District Court comprehensively considered Chen Xiaobo’s criminal circumstances and penitence, and sentenced Chen Xiaobo to five years’ imprisonment, fined 1 million RMB, confiscated 710,000 illegal money seized in the case and turned it over to the state treasury, and continued to recover 297,000 illegal money involved in the case and turned it over to the state treasury.

Ma De, the biggest corrupt official who sold officials since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, was tried for accepting bribes of more than 6 million yuan from 17 people. The court found that Ma De’s report exposed clues that others were suspected of accepting bribes, which was verified to be true and meritorious. Ma De was sentenced to death in the first instance. In November 2007, Ma De was commuted to life imprisonment; In January 2010, it was reduced to 18 years in prison; In June 2015, the sentence was reduced by another year. Yancheng Prison of the Ministry of Justice, where he served his sentence, believes that Ma De pleaded guilty and repented during his sentence, observed prison regulations, and actively participated in ideological, cultural and technical study and labor. During the assessment period, he was awarded two annual prison awards and one annual prison award, which really showed repentance.

In June 2014, Dai Heng, director of the Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Bureau of Changfeng County, Hefei City, was sentenced to five and a half years in prison by Changfeng Court for accepting bribes and abusing his power. After being brought to justice, Dai Hengcheng truthfully explained most of the facts of bribery crimes that the case-handling organs did not grasp, and withdrew the money of 80,000 yuan; It exposed the criminal act of accepting bribes by his subordinate Zheng, which was verified to be true. Dai Hengcheng’s relatives withdrew more than 110,000 yuan of money on their behalf. In the end, the court sentenced the defendant Dai Hengcheng to accept bribes and sentenced him to five years in prison. He was convicted of abuse of power and sentenced to one year in prison, and decided to execute a fixed-term imprisonment of five years and six months.

Chen Mou Qiang, the former clerk of Foshan Archives Center, was arrested for corruption and bribery. During an interview with the Foshan Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection in November 2013, Chen Mou Qiang not only voluntarily confessed the fact that he received benefits through the project, but also actively exposed the criminal behavior of Zhang Yongzhao, then director of Foshan Archives Bureau. In view of Chen Mou’s surrender and meritorious service, he also actively returned 164,000 yuan of stolen goods. During the first trial, the public prosecution suggested that Chen Mou Qiang be sentenced to two to three years’ imprisonment for corruption and five to seven years’ imprisonment for accepting bribes.

Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in Handling Cases of Commutation and Parole.

On November 21, 2011, the 1532nd meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People’s Court adopted the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in Handling Cases of Commutation and Parole (hereinafter referred to as the Provisions), which came into effect on July 1.

I. Revision background of the Regulations

Commutation and parole work is an important part of the work of the people’s court. In 1997, the Supreme People’s Court promulgated and implemented the Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in Handling Cases of Commutation and Parole (Fa Fa [1997] No.25), which played an active and effective role in guiding the work of commutation and parole. However, with the rapid development of economy and society and the continuous progress of the rule of law, new situations and problems have emerged in judicial practice, and some problems have also been exposed in commutation and parole work, such as the lack of transparency in case trial procedures, the imperfect supervision mechanism, the stipulation that "more serious crimes are reduced and less minor crimes are reduced" does not conform to the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity, and the application rate of parole is generally low. The people have put forward higher requirements and expectations for commutation and parole work. The reform of commutation and parole system is also one of the important tasks determined by the reform of the central judicial system and working mechanism and the third five-year reform of the people’s courts. Its main purpose is to "establish an open system of commutation and parole trial procedures and strictly apply the conditions for commutation and parole of major criminals".

Second, the revision process of the Regulations

In 2009, the Supreme People’s Court officially started the revision of the judicial interpretation of commutation and parole, conducted a full investigation and solicited opinions from all parties concerned. He went to Hainan, Guangdong, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong and other places to conduct special investigations, and held special seminars in Hebei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Henan and other places, soliciting and listening to the opinions of the NPC Law Committee, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Justice, some high and intermediate people’s courts, first-line prisons, detention centers, police officers, experts and scholars, and ordinary people. After repeated research and argumentation, they were constantly revised and improved, and finally came out.

III. Main contents of the Regulations

Article 1 According to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 78 of the Criminal Law, a criminal sentenced to public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment, during the execution period, may have his sentence reduced if he earnestly abides by the prison regulations, receives education and reform, shows genuine repentance, or performs meritorious service; Those who have made significant meritorious service shall have their sentences reduced.

Article 2 "True repentance" means having the following four conditions at the same time: pleading guilty and repenting; Seriously abide by laws, regulations and supervision rules, and accept education and reform; Actively participate in ideological, cultural, vocational and technical education; Actively participate in labor and strive to complete labor tasks.

If a criminal complains during the execution of the penalty, his right to complain should be protected according to law, and the complaint against a criminal should not be considered as not pleading guilty and repenting without analysis.

Criminals who actively execute property punishment and perform incidental civil compensation obligations can be regarded as guilty and penitent, and can be lenient in commutation and parole; Those who have the ability to perform and fail to perform shall be strictly controlled in commutation and parole.

Article 3 A person who has one of the following circumstances shall be deemed to have made meritorious service:

(1) preventing others from committing criminal activities;

(two) to report and expose criminal activities inside and outside the prison, or to provide important clues to solve the case, which is verified by investigation;

(3) assisting judicial organs in arresting other criminal suspects (including accomplices);

(4) Having made outstanding achievements in technological innovation in production and scientific research;

(five) outstanding performance in emergency rescue and disaster relief or exclusion of major accidents;

(6) Having made other contributions to the country and society.

Article 4 A person who has one of the following circumstances shall be deemed to have made "significant meritorious service":

(a) to prevent others from committing major criminal activities;

(2) reporting major criminal activities inside and outside the prison, which is verified by investigation;

(3) assisting judicial organs in arresting other major criminal suspects (including accomplices);

(four) there are inventions or major technological innovations;

(5) Giving oneself up to save others in daily production and life;

(6) having made outstanding performance in resisting natural disasters or eliminating major accidents;

(seven) other significant contributions to the country and society.

Article 5 If a prisoner with fixed-term imprisonment meets the conditions for commutation during the execution of punishment, the range of commutation shall be as follows: if he does show repentance or perform meritorious service, the commutation at one time shall generally not exceed one year of fixed-term imprisonment; Those who do show repentance and perform meritorious service, or have made significant meritorious service, shall generally be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years at a time.

Article 6 The starting time and interval of commutation for prisoners with fixed-term imprisonment are as follows: A prisoner sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of more than five years can generally commute his sentence after serving it for more than one year and six months, and the interval between two commutes should generally be more than one year. Criminals sentenced to less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment may appropriately shorten the starting and interval time by referring to the above provisions.

Those who have made significant meritorious service can be exempted from the above-mentioned restrictions on the start and interval of commutation.

The starting time of commutation of fixed-term imprisonment is calculated from the date of execution of the judgment. Article 7. If a life-imprisonment prisoner does show repentance or render meritorious service during the execution of the penalty, his sentence may be commuted after serving two years. The range of commutation is: those who do repent or perform meritorious service can generally be reduced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 20 years but not more than 22 years; Those who have made significant meritorious service may be reduced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 15 years but not more than 20 years.

Article 8 After a life-imprisonment prisoner has had his sentence commuted once or several times, his actual sentence shall not be less than thirteen years, and the starting time shall be counted from the date when the life-imprisonment sentence is determined.

Article 9 If a criminal whose death sentence is suspended is commuted to life imprisonment, and he really shows repentance or meritorious service, he may be commuted to 25 years’ imprisonment after serving two years’ imprisonment; Those who have made significant meritorious service may be commuted to 23 years’ imprisonment after serving two years’ imprisonment.

After one or several commutation, the actual sentence of a criminal with a suspended death sentence shall not be less than 15 years, not including the suspended death sentence.

If a criminal with a suspended death sentence resists reform during the suspended execution period, which does not constitute a crime, his sentence may be reduced severely thereafter.

Article 10 If a prisoner with a suspended death sentence whose commutation is restricted is commuted to life imprisonment according to law after the expiration of the suspended death sentence, or is commuted to 25 years’ imprisonment due to significant meritorious service, the starting time, interval and range of commutation shall be strictly controlled by comparing with those with a suspended death sentence whose commutation is not restricted.

Article 11 A criminal sentenced to public surveillance or criminal detention, and a criminal whose remaining sentence is less than one year’s fixed-term imprisonment after the judgment takes effect, may have his sentence reduced as appropriate, and the actually executed sentence shall not be less than half of the original sentence.

Article 12 When a prisoner with fixed-term imprisonment commutes his sentence, the additional period of deprivation of political rights may be reduced at his discretion. The period of deprivation of political rights after discretion shall not be less than one year.

Article 13 A criminal sentenced to criminal detention or fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years with a suspended sentence is generally not applicable to commutation.

If a criminal specified in the preceding paragraph has made significant meritorious service during the probation period, his sentence may be reduced with reference to the provisions of Article 78 of the Criminal Law, and his probation period shall be shortened according to law. The probation period for criminal detention shall not be less than two months, and the probation period for fixed-term imprisonment shall not be less than one year.

Article 14 If a criminal sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment commits another crime during the execution of the penalty and is sentenced to a penalty of not more than fixed-term imprisonment, his sentence will generally not be reduced within two years from the date when the new crime judgment is determined; If a new crime is sentenced to life imprisonment, the sentence will generally not be reduced within three years from the date when the new crime judgment is determined.

Article 15 In handling a parole case, the judgment that there is no danger of committing another crime should be based on the specific circumstances of the crime, the original sentence, the consistent performance in the execution of the penalty, the age, physical condition, personality characteristics of the prisoner, the source of life after parole and the supervision conditions, in addition to the circumstances stipulated in Article 81 of the Criminal Law.

Article 16 The starting time for a prisoner with fixed-term imprisonment to be released on parole and execute more than half of the original sentence shall be counted from the date of execution of the judgment. If he is detained before execution of the judgment, one day of detention will be counted as one day of the sentence.

Article 17 "Special circumstances" as stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 81 of the Criminal Law refers to situations that have an important relationship with the interests of the state and society.

Article 18 No parole shall be granted to recidivists and criminals sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years or life imprisonment for intentional homicide, rape, robbery, kidnapping, arson, explosion, throwing dangerous substances or organized violent crimes.

A criminal sentenced to death with a suspended execution for the circumstances and crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall not be released on parole after being commuted to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment.

Article 19. The commutation and parole of juvenile criminals may be appropriately lenient according to law, mutatis mutandis, to adult criminals.

Juvenile criminals who can plead guilty and repent, abide by laws, regulations and prison rules, and actively participate in study and labor should be regarded as having genuine repentance, and the range of commutation can be appropriately relaxed, and the starting time and interval can be shortened accordingly. Those who meet the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 81 of the Criminal Law may be released on parole.

The juvenile criminals mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs refer to criminals under the age of 18 at the time of commutation.

Twentieth elderly, physically disabled (excluding self-injury disability), suffering from serious diseases, commutation and parole, should focus on the actual performance of repentance.

Old-age, physically disabled and seriously ill criminals who have basically lost their ability to work and are unable to take care of themselves can seriously abide by laws, regulations and prison rules and receive education and reform, which should be regarded as true repentance. The range of commutation can be appropriately relaxed, and the starting time and interval can be shortened accordingly. If the life after parole is really settled, he may be released on parole according to law, except in cases where parole is not allowed according to the law and this interpretation.

Commutation and parole of criminals with physical disabilities and criminals suffering from serious diseases shall be determined by legal appraisal institutions according to law.

Article 21 A criminal whose death sentence is suspended may be released on parole if his sentence is commuted to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment, which conforms to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 81 of the Criminal Law and the second paragraph of Article 9 and Article 18 of these Provisions.

Article 22 The interval between a prisoner’s commutation and parole is generally one year; For those who decide to be released on parole after deducting two years’ imprisonment at one time, the interval shall not be less than two years.

If the remaining sentence of a criminal after commutation is less than two years and he decides to be released on parole, the interval may be appropriately shortened.

Article 23 If the people’s court retries a case in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision and upholds the original judgment or ruling, the effect of the original ruling on commutation and parole remains unchanged; If the original judgment or ruling is changed, the penalty execution organ shall, according to the retrial judgment and the original commutation and parole, request the people’s court with jurisdiction to make a new ruling on commutation and parole.

Article 24 When accepting a case of commutation or parole, the people’s court shall examine whether the executing organ has transferred the following materials:

(1) A proposal for commutation or parole;

(2) Copies of the judgment documents, enforcement notices and previous commutation rulings of the Court of Final Appeal;

(3) Written evidence of the specific facts that the prisoner has repented or rendered meritorious service;

(four) criminal appraisal form, reward and punishment approval form;

(five) other materials that need to be transferred according to the trial of the case.

Where parole is requested, an investigation and evaluation report of the community correction institution on the impact of parole on the community where the prisoner lives shall be attached.

The procuratorial opinions put forward by the people’s procuratorate on the case of commutation or parole shall be transferred to the people’s court that accepts the case of commutation or parole.

Upon examination, if the materials specified in the preceding three paragraphs are complete, a case shall be filed; If the materials are not complete, it shall notify the executing organ that submitted the commutation or parole to make up for it.

Twenty-fifth people’s courts shall publicize all cases of commutation and parole. The publicity place is a public area where criminals serve their sentences. Where conditions permit, it should be publicized to the public and accept social supervision. Publicity shall include the following contents:

(1) the name of the criminal;

(2) The charges and terms of imprisonment as determined in the original judgment;

(3) Previous commutation of sentences by criminals;

(4) Suggestions and basis for commutation and parole of the executing organ;

(5) Time limit for publicity;

(6) feedback methods, etc.

Article 26 A people’s court may try a case of commutation or parole in writing. However, the following cases shall be heard in court:

(a) because the criminal has made significant meritorious service, the sentence is reduced;

(2) The starting time, interval or commutation range of the application for commutation do not conform to the general provisions;

(three) have a significant impact in society or high social concern;

(four) received complaints during the publicity period;

(five) the people’s Procuratorate has objections;

(6) The people’s court deems it necessary to hold a hearing.

Twenty-seventh before the people’s court makes a ruling on commutation or parole, the people’s court shall decide whether or not to allow the execution organ to withdraw the proposal of commutation or parole in writing.

Article 28 A ruling on commutation or parole shall be delivered to the relevant executing organ, the people’s procuratorate and the criminal himself within seven days from the date of making the ruling.

Article 29 If a people’s court finds that there is indeed an error in the ruling of commutation or parole that has come into effect by itself or the people’s court at a lower level, it shall re-form a collegial panel to try and make a ruling according to law.

Fourth, the significance of implementing the Regulations

The "Regulations" strictly implement the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy and actively promote the openness of trial procedures for commutation and parole cases, which is of great guiding significance for correctly applying the law to handle commutation and parole cases and maintaining the fairness and justice of penalty execution.

Provisions of the People’s Procuratorate on Handling Cases of Commutation and Parole (full text)

(adopted at the 25th meeting of the 12th Procuratorial Committee of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on July 21, 2014)

Article 1 In order to further strengthen and standardize the legal supervision of commutation and parole, and ensure that the execution of penalty changes is legal and fair, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Prison Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), combined with the actual procuratorial work.

Article 2 The People’s Procuratorate shall exercise legal supervision over the legality of the submission, trial and ruling of commutation and parole cases.

Article 3 When handling cases of commutation and parole, the People’s Procuratorate shall handle them separately according to the following circumstances:

(1) The people’s procuratorate, which is responsible for procuratorial duties to the executing organ, shall supervise the activities of submitting commutation and parole cases;

(2) The people’s procuratorate at the same level of the people’s court shall be responsible for the supervision of the trial and adjudication of commutation and parole cases; If the people’s procuratorate at the same level does not undertake procuratorial duties to the executing organ, it may, if necessary, designate the people’s procuratorate that undertakes procuratorial duties to the executing organ to send personnel to attend the court; If the people’s procuratorate at a lower level finds that the ruling on commutation or parole is improper, it shall promptly report to the people’s procuratorate at the same level of the people’s court that made the ruling on commutation or parole.

Article 4 The people’s procuratorates shall, in handling cases of commutation and parole, implement unified case management and responsibility system for handling cases in accordance with regulations.

Article 5 The people’s procuratorate shall, after receiving the following materials of commutation and parole cases transferred by the executing organ, conduct a timely review:

(a) the executive organ intends to submit opinions on commutation and parole;

(2) Judgment documents of the Court of Final Appeal, enforcement notices and previous rulings on commutation;

(3) Proof that the prisoner has indeed shown repentance, rendered meritorious service or made significant meritorious service;

(four) criminal appraisal form, reward and punishment approval form;

(5) Other case materials that should be examined.

For cases to be submitted for parole, the investigation and evaluation report of community correction institutions or grass-roots organizations on the impact of parole on the community where criminals live should also be reviewed.

Article 6 Under any of the following circumstances, the people’s procuratorate shall conduct investigation and verification:

(1) The criminal who intends to apply for commutation or parole is a duty criminal, a criminal who undermines the order of financial management and financial fraud, a criminal who is organized by the underworld, a criminal who commits serious violent terrorist crimes, or other criminals who have great influence in society and are highly concerned by the society;

(2) It is proposed to reduce the sentence because of the criminal’s meritorious service or significant meritorious service;

(3) A criminal who intends to apply for commutation or parole has a large commutation range, a long probation period for parole, an early start time, a short interval or a short actually executed sentence;

(four) the criminals who intend to be submitted for commutation or parole have high assessment scores, many special awards or doubtful appraisal materials and reward and punishment records;

(5) Having received a complaint or report;

(six) other should be investigated and verified.

Article 7 The People’s Procuratorate may investigate and verify the following situations by reading and copying relevant materials, reorganizing diagnosis and identification, conducting documentary identification, holding symposiums and individual inquiries:

(1) The performance of the criminal who intends to request commutation or parole during his sentence;

(2) The execution of property penalty, the performance of incidental civil judgment, the return of stolen goods and compensation, etc., which are proposed for commutation or parole of criminals;

(3) Whether the meritorious service and major meritorious service of the criminal who intends to reduce his sentence are true, and whether the invention, creation and technological innovation were independently completed by the criminal during his sentence and confirmed by the relevant competent authorities;

(4) Factors that affect recidivism, such as the physical condition, personality characteristics, source of life after parole and supervision conditions of the criminal who intends to be paroled;

(five) other circumstances that should be investigated and verified.

Article 8 The people’s procuratorate may send personnel to attend the review meeting of commutation and parole submitted by the executing organ as nonvoting delegates to understand the relevant situation of the case and express opinions as needed.

Article 9 If a people’s procuratorate finds that a criminal meets the conditions for commutation or parole, but the executing organ fails to request commutation or parole, it may suggest that the executing organ request commutation or parole.

Article 10 After receiving a copy of the proposal for commutation and parole copied by the executing organ, the people’s procuratorate shall examine the case by case and may submit written opinions to the people’s court. If it is found that the proposal for commutation or parole is improper or that the proposal for commutation or parole violates legal procedures, it shall, within ten days after receiving the copy of the proposal, submit written opinions to the people’s court hearing the case of commutation or parole according to law, and at the same time, send a copy of the procuratorial opinion to the executing organ. If the case is complicated or special, it may be extended for ten days.

Article 11 When the people’s court holds a court session to hear cases of commutation or parole, the people’s procuratorate shall assign procurators to attend the court, express procuratorial opinions and supervise the legality of the court proceedings.

Article 12 There shall be no less than two prosecutors present at the court, at least one of whom has the post of prosecutor.

Thirteenth prosecutors should make the following preparations before the trial:

(a) fully familiar with the case, grasp the evidence, and draw up the outline of the court investigation and the opinions of appearing in court;

(2) Relevant evidence shall be collected in cases where the executing organ has objections to commutation or parole, and it may be suggested that the people’s court notify relevant witnesses to testify in court.

Article 14 After the trial begins, after the representative of the executing organ reads out the proposal for commutation and parole and explains the reasons, the procurator shall express his procuratorial opinions.

Article 15 During the trial, if the procurator has doubts about the commutation or parole requested by the executing agency, he may, with the permission of the presiding judge, present evidence, apply for witnesses to testify in court, ask the representatives of the executing agency to present evidence or make explanations, ask questions and express opinions to the criminals and witnesses who have been requested to commute or parole.

Article 16 At the end of the court investigation, and before the prisoner who has been asked for commutation or parole makes a final statement, the procurator may, with the permission of the presiding judge, make concluding comments.

Article 17 During the trial, if the procurator thinks that it is necessary to further investigate and verify the facts and evidence of the case, need supplementary appraisal or re-appraisal, or need to notify new witnesses to appear in court, he shall propose an adjournment.

Eighteenth prosecutors found that the court trial activities in violation of the law, should be promptly reported to the chief procurator of the court after the trial, put forward rectification opinions to the people’s court according to law.

Article 19 After receiving a copy of the ruling of the people’s court on commutation and parole, the people’s procuratorate shall promptly review the following contents:

(a) the people’s court ruled that criminals should be commuted or released on parole, and whether the starting time, interval, actual executed sentence, commutation range or probation period of parole are in compliance with the relevant provisions;

(2) Whether the people’s court’s decision not to reduce the sentence or release the prisoner on parole complies with the relevant provisions;

(3) Whether the procedures for the people’s court to hear and order commutation or parole are legal;

(four) in accordance with the relevant provisions of the commutation and parole cases, whether the people’s court hearing;

(five) whether the ruling of the people’s court on commutation and parole has been served and executed according to law and announced to the public.

Article 20 If the people’s procuratorate considers that the people’s court’s ruling on commutation or parole is improper after examination, it shall, within 20 days after receiving the copy of the ruling, put forward written correction opinions to the people’s court that made the ruling on commutation or parole according to law.

Article 21 If a people’s procuratorate puts forward rectification opinions on the people’s court’s ruling on commutation or parole, it shall supervise the people’s court to re-form a collegiate bench for trial and make a final ruling within one month after receiving the rectification opinions.

Article 22 If the people’s procuratorate finds that the ruling on commutation or parole that has come into effect by the people’s court is indeed wrong, it shall submit a written correction opinion to the people’s court, and request the people’s court to form a new collegial panel according to the trial supervision procedure and make a ruling.

Article 23 If a people’s procuratorate receives a complaint, reports or finds that a judicial officer is suspected of breaking the law in handling a case of commutation or parole, it shall conduct an investigation according to law, and, according to the situation, put forward opinions to the relevant units to correct the violation, suggest changing the case handler, or suggest disciplinary action; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Twenty-fourth people’s procuratorates handle cases of commutation and parole of duty criminals, and carry out record review in accordance with relevant regulations.

Twenty-fifth the provisions shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Where the relevant provisions previously issued by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate are inconsistent with these Provisions, these Provisions shall prevail.

Hu Xiao, a man surnamed Hu in Chinese mainland, sneaked into Lieyu Township in Jinmen from Xiamen in the early morning of 24th. He was seized by the Jinmen Coast Guard Corps of Taiwan Province "Sea Guard" in front of the ferry station, transferred to the District Inspection Office for investigation in the afternoon after interrogation, and was later detained by the court.

According to Taiwan Province’s "Central News Agency", this is the sixth time since 2003 that Hu Xiao has been caught smuggling into Kinmen. He said that he wanted to see Ma Ying-jeou, the leader of Taiwan Province, and borrowed some money to go back to the mainland to "engage in democracy".

Hu Xiao, 42, from Liaoning Province, put on a life jacket at the beach in front of Xiamen Convention and Exhibition Center at 2 am on the 24th, put on a waterproof backpack and swam to Jinmen. At 6 o’clock in the morning, I swam to the seaside of Guishan in the west of Lieyu Township (Xiaojinmen), changed my wet clothes and went to Jiugong Wharf, ready to take a ferry to Dajinmen, and then took a plane to Taiwan to find Ma Ying-jeou.

The duty officer of the Golden Gate Jiugong Wharf of the Golden Gate Coast Patrol Corps of the "Sea Guard" found that Hu Xiao, who was carrying a waterproof backpack, was suspicious. He went forward to check and found that he was a mainlander and brought it back to the corps for investigation. Wet clothes were found in Hu Xiao’s backpack, and RMB 400 yuan was found on him.

Every time a Hu Xiao man was caught smuggling, he was sent back to the mainland. He was also sentenced by the mainland judicial unit and put in prison, but after he was released from prison, he managed to smuggle to Kinmen.

42-year-old Hu Xiao was arrested for smuggling into Kinmen for the sixth time yesterday. He said "firmly" that he would come again in the future.

Hu Xiao, a native of Liaoning Province, has become the biggest headache for the judicial unit in Kinmen, and is known as the "stowaway". As early as 2003, shortly after the opening of the "mini-three links" between the two sides of the strait, Hu Xiao sneaked into Kinmen, repatriated after being arrested, and returned after being repatriated; The last time was in 2011, and I swam over only by the inner tube of the tire.

According to the data, Hu Xiao has sneaked into Kinmen six times in the past 10 years, and was arrested by the coast guard and the police three times each. Among them, the first time was on September 18, 2003, when I took a Xiamen sightseeing boat to swim in the bold sea area, I was arrested for "jumping off the boat" and smuggling. The second time was on March 24, 2005, when he landed on the Shanglin coast of Xiaojinmen, and was arrested and repatriated again.

The third time was on May 1, 2008. He spent RMB 179 to buy inflatable boats and life jackets, and rowed all the way to Xiaojinmen. After landing, there was no one around, and he didn’t know where to go. Later, he met the people surnamed Hong in Qingqi Village and asked him to report to the police that "someone" was smuggling, and he was taken away by the police, which made the local people laugh and say that it was too outrageous.

Hu Xiao, who once said that he would "flee to freedom", claimed that he was unemployed in the mainland and longed for Taiwan Province’s "democracy and freedom", hoping to have the opportunity to live with Taiwan Province compatriots in the future.

This time, Hu only relies on life jackets, which proves that his physical condition is getting better and better, but his thinking is a bit strange, and many people suspect that he may have mental illness.

Hu Xiao, who was familiar with the arrest again, was not discouraged. He also said that he would definitely come back again if he had a proper chance, but it was best to "communicate" with Taiwan through legal channels, so as not to bother everyone again.

When the members of the Coast Guard Corps of Taiwan Province Coast Guard saw him swimming again, they could only shake their heads and say that he was a "stowaway" who never gave up, so he could apply for the Guinness Book of World Records.

The Coast Guard Corps of Taiwan Province’s "Sea Guard" said that at present, illegal immigrants repatriated to the mainland have to be guarded by two people, take a plane to Taichung and transfer to Nantou Temporary Reception Center, and then send them to Keelung to take a boat to Mazu for repatriation, and all the food and accommodation before repatriation must be borne by Taiwan Province.

Coincidentally, in August last year, a 44-year-old man surnamed Hu in Jiangxi made a self-made float with empty plastic beverage bottles in nylon bags. He went into the water from the beach in front of Xiamen International Convention and Exhibition Center and swam ashore in Lieyu Township, Jinmen. He was arrested and sent to the police.

A man surnamed Hu from Jiangxi who sneaked into Jinmen last August was detained by Taiwan Province.

The man surnamed Hu claimed that he walked to Xiamen from his hometown of Jiangxi Province on August 12, collected many empty plastic beverage bottles and put them into large plastic nylon bags, then sealed the bags with plastic ropes as floats. On August 28, he got into the water from the beach in front of Xiamen International Convention and Exhibition Center and landed at Shuangkou Beach in Xiaojinmen at night, mainly because he wanted to work in Taiwan Province and "save Taiwan Province by economy".

Hu put a lot of empty plastic drinks into nylon bags as floats.

At 8: 30 pm on the 28th, when the man surnamed Hu was walking on Jiujing Road in Dongjing, Xiaojinmen, his clothes showed white salt crystals, which made the patrol team and the police question his identity. After tracing, he was found to be a mainland stowaway.

What can HRV monitoring of heart rate variability bring to heart patients? ",we already know that higher HRV means better compression resistance and cardiovascular function.

HRV is an index that can reflect the general health. Usually, we hope that the higher the HRV, the better.

So, what can we do to improve HRV?

1. Increase your exercise frequency.

It is a great way to increase the training intensity appropriately, but people often underestimate the importance of training frequency.

Speaking of increasing HRV, one of the easiest ways is to increase the frequency of your training.

Especially when your average HRV value is always low, you can try to reduce the intensity of training, increase the weekly exercise frequency, and keep yourself training at least 5 times a week.

2. Improve your aerobic cardio-pulmonary endurance

Your HRV is directly related to aerobic health indicators such as VO2 max and anaerobic threshold.

This is because the more mitochondria you have, the better their functions, and the higher your HRV, which is why endurance athletes usually have higher HRV.　

You may not have any idea of becoming an endurance athlete, but there is no doubt that the fastest way to improve HRV is to improve your cardiopulmonary endurance.

If your original lifestyle is sedentary for a long time, I suggest that you don’t exercise too hard in the first two months when you just start exercising.

You can monitor your heart rate during exercise and HRV at rest with the Good Friend ECG Machine (out-of-hospital management version) and the Good Friend Online APP PRO version to ensure that your heart rate during exercise can reach 55-70% of the maximum heart rate without overtraining or insufficient recovery time.

You can do a little exercise every day and gradually increase the exercise time. At first, you only need to train for 15 minutes every day, and make sure that you can complete the training to reach your target heart rate five times a week.

When you make significant progress in physical fitness, you can gradually start to strengthen your exercise intensity to improve blood flow and increase your aerobic cardio-pulmonary endurance.

The goal is to train at least 30~40 minutes a day and five times a week, including but not limited to yoga, running, swimming, ball games and other sports, which can help improve the level of HRV.

3, a reasonable diet, appropriate nutrition.

If you have tried your best to improve HRV, but HRV is still low?

Then your body may have some symptoms of chronic inflammation, because one of the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system is to regulate and reduce inflammation driven by the sympathetic nervous system.

When the sympathetic nervous system produces too much inflammation, it will lead to long-term low HRV, which is an important part of HRV as a powerful predictor of health and longevity.

Chronic inflammation is our most common health killer, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke, and even related to weight gain and obesity.

People with higher HRV also have better ability to regulate inflammation, so they have a higher chance of being healthier and living longer than those with lower HRV.

In addition to managing your training methods correctly, another simple way to increase HRV is to use the power of food and nutrition.

First of all, the most obvious thing is that we often don’t realize that even a small amount of junk food has a huge impact on health by reducing any junk food with high fat and sugar that will promote inflammation and eating healthier anti-inflammatory food.

Eat more anti-inflammatory foods such as vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish and grains, and eat less western-style fast food, meat and high-sugar and high-fat diet.

If you can’t, try to eat real food and try to avoid over-processed food.

Rejecting junk food in your daily diet is a good starting point. Next, you can also try anti-inflammatory supplements to supplement your normal diet. Such supplements can help reduce inflammation and stimulate the increase of HRV.

You can also eat some key foods or supplements to increase mitochondrial function, which is another important way to increase HRV.

4. Improve your sleep quality.

Undoubtedly, one of the biggest factors affecting your HRV is your time and quality every night.

You can improve your sleep quality from the following aspects:

1) reduce the influence of external light.

It is strongly recommended that you use curtains that can completely shade your bedroom. If your room is exposed to a lot of sunlight in the morning, they will have a great impact on your sleep quality.

2) reduce noise

Do your best to reduce the noise that wakes you up as much as possible, including from any 3C product.

If possible, the room can be coated with a layer of noise-proof material.

If you can’t avoid it, wearing anti-noise headphones can also effectively alleviate it.

Nothing is more destructive to the quality of sleep than the constant noise.

Even though it may not wake you up completely, it can make you sleep lightly and lower your HRV.

3) Develop good work and rest habits.

Simply put, go to bed on time, get up on time, and don’t stay up late.

You can buy a comfortable bed. We have to sleep in bed for 7-8 hours every night, which is equivalent to lying in bed for one third of the day. A suitable bed is very important.

Before going to bed, you can drink a cup of hot milk, soak your feet, listen to light music and learn to meditate, so that the whole person can get rid of the busy day and relax physically and mentally.

The revised "Measures for the Administration of Express Delivery Market" will be implemented on March 1st.

The Ministry of Transport announced the newly revised Measures for the Administration of Express Delivery Market, which will take effect on March 1, 2024. The revised Measures focus on seven aspects: strengthening the regulation of express service behavior, strengthening the management requirements of market order, and strictly regulating the express waybill and code number. Among them, it is stipulated that the express mail should be guaranteed to be safe, to prevent the express mail from being lost, damaged and short of internal parts, and not to throw or trample on the express mail; Without the user’s consent, it is not allowed to confirm the receipt of the express mail, and it is not allowed to deliver the express mail to the intelligent express box, express service station and other express terminal service facilities without authorization.

> > Read in detail:

Measures for the Administration of Express Delivery Market (Order No.22, 2023 of the Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China)

The latest inspection standard for drunk driving will be implemented on March 1.

The national standard "Determination of ethanol, methanol, n-propanol, acetone, isopropanol and n-butanol in blood and urine" (GB/T 42430-2023) came into effect on March 1, 2024. The new test standard takes the test of alcohol content in blood as an example: drinking and driving is 0.20mg/mL, and the driver’s blood alcohol content is greater than or equal to 0.80mg/mL, which belongs to drunk driving. The linear range is 0.1mg/mL~3mg/mL. The national standard can be applied to poisoning, death inspection, medical emergency inspection, scientific research and other broader scenarios of five alcohol substances and acetone.

It is related to the production and management of special foods, and the new rules for the assessment of food safety management personnel will be implemented in March.

The General Administration of Market Supervision issued "Guidelines for Supervision and Inspection of Enterprise Food Safety Managers" and "Outline for Supervision and Inspection of Enterprise Food Safety Managers", which will take effect on March 1, 2024. It is further clarified that the main persons in charge of special food production and operation enterprises should master the important provisions of food safety laws, regulations, rules and standards related to special food production and operation, implement the provisions of enterprise main responsibility system, and the dynamic management mechanism based on risk prevention and control. Special foods include health foods, formula foods for special medical purposes and infant formula foods, which are related to the health and life safety of key groups such as "one old and one young".

Mutual visa exemption between China and Thailand will take effect in March.

China and Thailand sign visa exemption agreement in Bangkok, Thailand. The agreement came into force on March 1, 2024. After the agreement comes into effect, Chinese ordinary passport holders, ordinary passport holders and Thai ordinary passport holders can enter the other country without a visa for a single stay of no more than 30 days (no more than 90 days for every 180 days). Those who enter the other country for work, study, news reporting, settlement and other activities that require prior approval and intend to stay in the other country for more than 30 days must complete the corresponding visa before entering the other country.

> > Read in detail:

Mutual visa exemption between China and Thailand will take effect in March.

The detailed rules for the implementation of the newly revised invoice management measures shall come into force on March 1.

State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China promulgated the Decision on Amending the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Invoices in People’s Republic of China (PRC) (Order No.56 of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China), which will take effect on March 1, 2024. The main contents of the revision are as follows: First, clarify the basic management regulations of electronic invoices, emphasizing that "electronic invoices have the same legal effect as paper invoices, and no unit or individual may refuse them"; The second is to increase the provisions on the safety management of invoice data, making it clear that "tax authorities can extract, transfer, consult and copy invoice data during invoice inspection"; The third is to refine the identification of invoice violations; The fourth is to link up with the current laws and regulations; The fifth is to improve the regulations on printing, collecting and issuing invoices.

There are new regulations on preventing and investigating the registration of counterfeit enterprises, which will be implemented on March 15th.

The General Administration of Market Supervision issued the Provisions on Preventing and Investigating Illegal Registration of Counterfeit Enterprises, which was officially implemented on March 15, 2024. The "Regulations" clarify that both natural persons and enterprises as investors need to cooperate with the registration authority for identity verification; The "Regulations" propose that if an enterprise is registered by submitting false materials or concealing important facts by other fraudulent means, the registration authority shall order it to make corrections according to law, confiscate the illegal income and impose a fine. The person directly responsible shall not apply for enterprise registration again within 3 years, and shall be included in the list of serious violations of law and dishonesty in market supervision and management.

> > Read in detail:

The General Administration of Market Supervision issued the Provisions on Preventing and Investigating Illegal Registration of Counterfeit Enterprises.

The Ministry of Finance revised and promulgated the Measures for the National Unified Examination of Certified Public Accountants.

The Ministry of Finance promulgated the Decision on Amending the Measures for the National Unified Examination of Certified Public Accountants, which will take effect on March 1, 2024. The "Decision" has been amended by two articles. First, improve the examination review system and increase the provision that "the results after review are the final results". The second is to improve the confidentiality system of the examination, and the relevant provisions are amended as "The examination questions, reference answers and grading standards before the opening of the national unified examination for certified public accountants are managed according to state secrets".

From March 6th, Xi ‘an and Qingdao can issue "individual travel endorsements" to and from Hong Kong and Macao.

Recently, the State Council approved the increase of Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province and Qingdao, Shandong Province as "individual travel" cities for the mainland to Hong Kong and Macao. The Exit-Entry Administration of People’s Republic of China (PRC) has decided to issue "individual travel endorsements" to and from Hong Kong and Macao for qualified personnel in Xi ‘an and Qingdao from March 6, 2024. Resident and residence permit holders in Xi ‘an and Qingdao can submit their applications at the artificial window of exit-entry management of public security organs in Xi ‘an and Qingdao, or the intelligent endorsement equipment located at the artificial window, and they can choose to apply for "individual travel endorsement" or "group travel endorsement" by themselves, without submitting application materials.

> > Read in detail:

Announcement on Issuing "Personal Travel Endorsement" to and from Hong Kong and Macao in Xi ‘an City, Shaanxi Province and Qingdao City, Shandong Province

The "Regulations on the Implementation of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Archives Law" will come into force on March 1.

The Regulations on the Implementation of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Archives Law shall come into force on March 1, 2024. The "Regulations" focus on the following contents: First, improve the working mechanism of archives. Strengthen the responsibilities of people’s governments at or above the county level, and add provisions on the responsibilities of archives work of township people’s governments. The second is to standardize the management of file collection. Clarify the filing responsibility and transfer responsibility, and require the archives to collect files in accordance with relevant state regulations, and consider the rarity of files and the importance of contents. The third is to improve the file storage system. The fourth is to refine the open utilization measures. It is stipulated that the National Archives should establish a collaborative mechanism for the open audit of archives, and require the archives authorities at or above the county level to strengthen the overall coordination of the open audit of archives.

> > Read in detail:

Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Implementation of Archives Law

The State Council’s Decision on Amending the Regulations on the Management of Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer came into effect on March 1.

The Decision of the State Council on Amending the Regulations on the Management of Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer shall come into force on March 1, 2024. The "Regulations" focus on the docking with international conventions, improving the management measures of ozone-depleting substances, and strengthening legal responsibilities to determine the revised content. Define ozone-depleting substances as "chemicals listed in the list of controlled ozone-depleting substances in China", and no longer retain the restrictive expression of "damaging the ozone layer" in order to include hydrofluorocarbons in the controlled list; It is stipulated that units that produce and use a large amount of ozone-depleting substances and produce a large amount of ozone-depleting substances in the production process shall install automatic monitoring equipment, which shall be networked with the monitoring equipment of the competent department of ecological environment, and ensure the normal operation of the monitoring equipment and the authenticity and accuracy of the monitoring data.

> > Read in detail:

Decision of the State Council on Amending the Regulations on the Administration of Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

The Provisions on Fine Punishment of Production Safety Accidents will come into effect on March 1st.

The Emergency Management Department issued the Regulations on Fine and Punishment for Production Safety Accidents, which will take effect on March 1, 2024. The main contents of the "Regulations" are as follows: First, improve the benchmark of the discretionary power of accident fine punishment to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and reasonably divide the amount of fines for general accidents, major accidents, major accidents and particularly serious accidents into three orders; Second, according to the practice, the determination of serious illegal circumstances is standardized according to law, and it is clear that six kinds of monitoring, alarm, protection and life-saving equipment that are directly related to production safety can be fined according to the amount of fines of more than two times and less than five times. The third is to adjust and clarify the relevant fine amount according to the law.

The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council implements classified supervision and management of the safety production of central enterprises, which will take effect on March 1.

The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council issued the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Work Safety of Central Enterprises, which will take effect on March 1, 2024. The "Measures" clarify that the central enterprises are divided into three categories according to the main business and safety production risks approved by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council: enterprises engaged in coal and non-coal mining and construction are the first category; Enterprises whose main business is electronics and medicine (except chemical medicine) are the second category; Enterprises other than the above-mentioned first and second types of enterprises are the third type. The first type of central enterprises and the headquarters of central enterprise groups involved in mines should be equipped with full-time safety production directors, and enterprises with high safety risks should fully implement the full-time safety production director system. The "Measures" propose that central enterprises should strengthen the safety management of contractors, strictly access the qualification management, and unify contractors and labor dispatch personnel into the enterprise safety management system.

The state establishes and improves the market price mechanism of electric auxiliary services.

The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Establishing and Improving the Market Price Mechanism of Electric Auxiliary Services, and decided to establish and improve the market price mechanism of electric auxiliary services at the national level. Relevant policies will be implemented as of March 1, 2024. The main contents include: first, optimize the transaction and price mechanism of auxiliary services such as peak shaving, frequency modulation and standby, make principled provisions on the transaction mechanism that affects the price formation of auxiliary services, and unify and clarify the pricing rules. The second is to standardize the price transmission of auxiliary services, clarify the cost of auxiliary services borne by users, and limit the losses caused by the failure to generate electricity due to the provision of auxiliary services that cannot be compensated in the electric energy market. The third is to strengthen policy support.

> > Read in detail:

Responsible comrades of the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration answered reporters’ questions on establishing and improving the market price mechanism of electric auxiliary services.

Wen Zi Pu Yingwei

Views: Hu Xiaoyu, He Posheng

The flood is merciless, and people are affectionate.

In the face of disaster

Scenes of moving moments are constantly staged.

▲ Video: A reserve artillery regiment stationed in Ningbo fights against "fireworks"

Since the flood disaster broke out in Yuyao City due to the influence of typhoon "fireworks", all members of the anti-Taiwan standby detachment of a reserve artillery regiment stationed in Ningbo have gone into battle, made all-out efforts to attack the storm and sprinted at full speed, always putting people’s lives and property safety first.

▲ Transfer the affected people

"Time is too precious to sleep."

Since the regiment entered the anti-Taiwan standby service on July 24, a figure has been shuttling between the vehicles on duty. He is the former pre-appointed officer of the regiment, Huang Zhongyue (click to view the pre-appointed officer, Master Huang).

▲ Lao Huang is repairing the vehicle.

Lao Huang is a skilled auto repairman, who has successively obtained junior, middle and senior technician certificates in the auto repair industry. Because of his age, he has already retired from the reserve team, but serving in the army has become his habit and persistence.

As long as the team needs it, Lao Huang will do his best and work hard. Hearing the news that the old troops participated in the anti-Taiwan disaster relief mission, Lao Huang came to help repair the vehicle without saying anything.

Although the transport vehicles and tractors distributed by the group are all old equipment, Lao Huang took the repairman for careful maintenance and careful protection, which ensured that the rescue and relief forces set off for Yuyao at the first time, and there was no "squatting nest" in the whole process.

From 26th to 27th, at the request of Ningbo’s finger prevention department, the regiment sent a number of transport teams to deliver relief materials. Lao Huang accompanied the security throughout the journey, and eliminated the vehicle failures in time. After two days, he almost didn’t rest, ensuring that the transport teams successfully delivered 34 rubber boats, 1,000 emergency lights, 18 sets of lifting lights, 1 mobile signal tower, 10 barrels of gasoline and other materials to the disaster-stricken areas, and delivered mineral water and eight barrels to more than 200 stranded villagers.

Lao Huang said: "Time is too precious for emergency rescue and disaster relief. Many brothers and I didn’t dare to close our eyes for fear of delaying the rescue progress."

▲ Handling relief supplies

"I believe in the People’s Liberation Army"

Dongqiao Town, Haishu District is one of the most severely affected areas. On the afternoon of July 26th, Ma Zhenfeng, the chief of oil transportation who was in charge of transporting materials to Dongqiao Town, met an "persistent" old lady who wanted to go home and get something, but because the village was flooded by the river, she was afraid to rush into the village alone.

Some people offered to send the old lady home, but they were all rejected: "I want the PLA to send her, and I believe them." Ma Zhenfeng, who was on the side, immediately arranged a transport vehicle to escort the old man to and from home to pick up things.

When the officers and men left, the old man kept praising others: "The PLA is good, they are reassuring."

▲ Video: Escort the old lady with a transport vehicle

The people’s trust in the People’s Liberation Army is not only the genes that have been inherited from the revolutionary years, but also the inheritance of the soldiers who have not changed their minds. After several days of fighting, the officers and men of the regiment went to the village to inspect the trapped people carefully, and transferred more than 30 trapped people nervously and orderly. The most common sentence heard by the people was, "You are here, we are more confident!"

On July 27, a sick aunt was trapped in Yaodong Village, Sanqi Town, Yuyao City, and her wife slowly transported her out of her home with a big white bucket. The officers and men who were in the rescue immediately went to the rescue after seeing it. After more than an hour of hard work, they successfully escorted the aunt to the hospital.

▲ Transfer the affected people

▲ Pumping and drainage for areas with serious water accumulation.

"Everyone is a soldier at the scene of emergency rescue and disaster relief."

At about 16 o’clock on the afternoon of July 26th, due to continuous heavy rainfall and long-term high water level immersion, there was a danger in the dam of Hemudu Town, Yuyao City, and the river was flowing backwards. After the danger appeared, 40 officers and men who had just arrived in Hemudu Town rushed to help, filling sandbags and strengthening the dam for more than 200 meters overnight. The next day, after a short break, the officers and men moved to Nijiapu Village to continue filling sandbags.

When Xu Xueli, director of the artillery department of the division, went to Hemudu Town to investigate the danger and guide the disaster relief operation, he saw that the officers and men were not afraid of fatigue and continued to fight, and opened their arms and joined the ranks of sandbags. ……

▲ Video: Loading sandbags

A pre-appointed soldier at the scene said with emotion: "No matter the captain or the colonel, we are all a warrior who dares to fight and fight in the front line of disaster relief!" Just last night, when his company commander Qin Wan was patrolling the dike, he found piping and was the first to jump into the water to eliminate the danger. This scene deeply touched him.

After two and a half days of continuous fighting, the officers and men of the regiment accumulated more than 10,500 sandbags, blocked four piping in time, and built a safety barrier for the masses.

▲ Before the teacher, he introduced the rescue and disaster relief situation to Commander Sha Zhongming of Ningbo Military Division.

▲ Reinforce the riverbank

▲ legs that have been sunburned.

Coincidentally, an exceptionally diligent "pre-soldier" caught the attention of the political commissar of the regiment at the scene of organizing the killing of eight severely affected villages in Hemudu Town. It turned out that it was Han Yinyu, Minister of the People’s Armed Forces of Hemudu Town, who hung the rank of pre-soldier. After taking off the mask, Minister Han said, "Seeing that the brothers are working so hard, I will also give a hand. Everyone is a fighter for emergency rescue and disaster relief!"

▲ Officers and men are preparing for disinfection.

▲ Minister Han of Hemudu Town People’s Armed Forces Department is organizing the killing.

"To the loveliest person"

A military and civilian family, fish and water are deep. On the afternoon of July 27, the officers and men of the regiment returned to the campsite after transporting relief supplies. Just after taking a break, they heard someone outside the door ask, "Excuse me, is this the army that participated in the disaster relief?" After being confirmed, the man immediately directed his companions to move all the fruits in the car into the dormitory of the officers and men.

▲ Lu Hongbo expressed condolences to the rescue and relief officers and soldiers.

It was learned that Lu Hongbo, the general manager of Ningbo Meijiang Trading Co., Ltd., who had been the general agent of the "Ten Cities and Hundred Stores" project in Zhejiang Province, came to express condolences to the officers and men. When he learned that the officers and men of the People’s Liberation Army were in Yuyao for emergency rescue and disaster relief, Lu Hongbo personally drove to Sanqi Town and asked all the way to find the camp of the officers and men.

"Although we don’t know each other, you are not afraid of being dirty and tired, and you really help us people! My fruit is for you, the most lovely people! " Lu Hongbo said.

The people’s army loves the people and the people’s army loves the people.

The army and the people work together to overcome the difficulties!

Original title: "Direct hit! Those touching moments at the scene of emergency rescue and disaster relief "

Read the original text

Xu Dazhe, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Director of the National Space Administration

　　Cctv news(Reporter Guo Cheng) In March this year, with the approval of the Central Committee and the approval of the State Council, April 24th every year will be designated as "China Aerospace Day" from 2016. The theme of the first "China Aerospace Day" was "Chinese Dream and Space Dream". On the afternoon of April 22nd, at the press conference held by the State Council Information Office, Xu Dazhe, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Director of the National Space Administration, introduced the first "China Aerospace Day" and China’s space development to the media.

　　Space shuttle flies farther and farther, and space technology is getting closer and closer to our life. Xu Dazhe said that the aerospace industry is indeed a high-input industry. However, it has great social and economic benefits and plays a great role in cultivating talents. For example, behind the weather forecast, navigation and positioning, satellites are helping.

　　Xu Dazhe said that the 13th Five-Year Plan is a period of strategic opportunities for China’s space development. From now on, it will take five to seven years to complete the existing major scientific and technological projects such as manned space flight, lunar exploration project, Beidou navigation and high-resolution earth observation system; Around 2025, the national civil space infrastructure will be built in an all-round way to promote the large-scale, operational and industrialized development of spatial information applications; In 2030, it achieved an overall leap and became one of the space powers.

　　"China Aerospace will demonstrate and implement new major aerospace projects and projects, strengthen strategic emerging aerospace industries and cultivate &lsquo; Internet plus Satellite Applications &rsquo; The new format has achieved a number of original achievements in space science and promoted the construction of aerospace legislation and aerospace laws and regulations. " Xu Dazhe said.

　　Xu Dazhe introduced that there are nearly 150 satellites in orbit in China at present. Remote sensing satellites, represented by high scores, clouds, oceans and resources, have been widely used in agriculture, forestry, land, surveying and mapping and other fields. Communication satellites have formed a stable and efficient commercial operation mode, and navigation and positioning satellites have entered the industrial development track.

　　Since its establishment in 1956, China’s space industry has gone through a glorious course of 60 years.

　　Over the past 60 years, generations of astronauts have made unremitting efforts and continued to struggle, embarked on an independent and innovative space development path with China characteristics, established a complete supporting space scientific research and production system and an effective system engineering management system, created a team of high-quality and skilled talents, accumulated profound and broad space spirit and culture, created a series of brilliant achievements represented by "two bombs and one satellite", manned space flight and lunar exploration project, and realized space technology and space application.

　　In order to fully display the achievements of space, vigorously carry forward the space spirit, scientifically popularize space knowledge, stimulate the enthusiasm for exploration and innovation, and condense the power to realize the Chinese dream and space dream.

　　The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the National Space Administration, together with relevant departments, have carefully planned a series of activities of "China Aerospace Day".

　　The annual standing activities include "China Aerospace Day" forum, symposium, space open day, space science lecture hall, space science popularization on campus, science popularization exhibition, national exchange and discussion, etc. This year is the first "China Aerospace Day". With the theme of "Chinese Dream and Aerospace Dream", a series of activities will be held all over the country, including the symposium of academicians and experts, the first "China Aerospace Day" theme activity, "Nine Days of Moon-China Aerospace Day Popular Science Publicity Week", aerospace science lecture hall, aerospace open day and other activities.

　　CCTV News:Rabe’s Diary, which records the detailed evidence of the Japanese invaders’ massacre in Nanjing in 1937, has long been known to the world. Not long ago, john rabe’s descendants donated the original of Rabe’s Diary to the Central Archives of China. A few days ago, our reporter got permission to shoot this precious file exclusively.

　　Opening this yellowed paper, lines of German recorded the terrible massacre made by Japanese invaders in Nanjing from December 1937 to early 1938. This is the famous original of Rabe’s Diary.John rabe wrote in his diary: "There are corpses all over Zhongshan North Road. In front of the city gate, the corpses are piled up like hills &hellip; &hellip; Killing people everywhere. "

　　In December, 1937, john rabe, a German in China, and more than a dozen foreigners jointly initiated the establishment of Nanjing International Security Zone. In the extremely dangerous environment at that time, they provided temporary shelter for about 250,000 China refugees in the safe zone. Rabe recorded a lot of shocking facts with a unique identity and perspective, witnessed the heinous crimes committed by Japanese militarism in Nanjing, and showed a touching humanitarian spirit.

　　Wang Hongmin, Director of Foreign Affairs Office of National Archives Bureau"Rabe Diary is a very important supplement to the existing historical archives, a true record, and an international third-party record, which is a very important supplement in our historical materials."

　　Rabe’s Diary in Nanjing, that is, the enemy plane flies to Nanjing, consists of six volumes and eight books. A red cross armband used by john rabe, a No.1 pass permit in Nanjing, and a jade medal awarded by the National Government in recognition of john rabe’s outstanding contribution to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. These precious historical materials brought back to Germany by Rabe after several battles have high archival value and cultural relics value.

　　Wang Hongmin, Director of the Foreign Affairs Office of the National Archives Bureau: "Nanjing Massacre archives were selected &lsquo; World memory &rsquo; In the future, many people hope to learn more about the historical facts of the Nanjing Massacre. Therefore, Rabe’s diary entered the Central Archives of Tibet, which provided very important historical materials for our historians to further study this period of history. "

　　CCTV News:According to "Beijing Release" WeChat WeChat official account news, recently, affected by Typhoon Du Surui, Beijing suffered from heavy rainfall, and some areas such as Fangshan and Mentougou were seriously flooded. The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Market Supervision deployed at a high level, took precautions in advance and responded positively. In strict accordance with the relevant requirements of the General Administration of Market Supervision and the municipal party committee and government, it took measures such as strengthening early warning, in-depth investigation, promoting emergency repair, technical guidance and effective supervision to ensure the safety of elevators and other special equipment in flood season.

　　First, the first time, the General Administration of Market Supervision conducted communication and docking to determine relevant matters of assistance and guidance.

　　The elevators affected by the disaster and the pressure-bearing equipment stopped due to the disaster are mainly concentrated in Fangshan District and Mentougou District. The General Administration of Joint Market Supervision sent technical experts such as China Special Inspection Institute to provide technical guidance and services to Xishan Tianjing Community in Mentougou District, Mentougou District Hospital, Yurunfa Shopping Plaza, Fangshan Phoenix Pavilion Reserve Factory of Municipal Liquefied Petroleum Gas Company, Fangshan Hebei Town Compressed Natural Gas Supply Station of Municipal Gas Group, etc. At present, all the affected elevators in Chaoyang District and Haidian District have been repaired and restored. Most of the equipment in Dongcheng District, Shijingshan District, Shunyi District, Yanqing District, Yanshan District and Fangshan District has been repaired.

　　The second is to do a good job in early warning and emergency and equipment supervision and inspection.

　　Three consecutive high-level deployments before flood control required the regional bureau to do a good job in the safety of special equipment in extreme weather during rainstorm, ensuring full coverage of warning notices, with a total of 2,211 warning tips covering 31,100 times of relevant units, effectively compacting the main responsibility of enterprises. Strictly implement the 24-hour leadership duty and emergency duty system at the city, district and institute levels, and implement the "point-to-point" reporting mechanism for special equipment safety emergencies to ensure proper disposal in the first place in case of emergencies. At the same time, focusing on outdoor special equipment such as large amusement facilities, passenger ropeways, off-highway tourist sightseeing bus and elevators, focusing on crowded places such as transportation hubs, parks and scenic spots, shopping malls and supermarkets, strengthening safety supervision and inspection, and resolutely stopping the equipment that does not meet the requirements for safe operation. Since July 29, the city’s market supervision system has dispatched 2,216 law enforcement inspectors, inspected 1,106 production and use units of special equipment, found and disposed of 186 hidden dangers, and stopped using 4,692 sets of equipment, achieving the goal of "zero accidents" during extreme weather.

　　Next,Beijing Municipal Market Supervision BureauWill guide the regional bureau to stop using the city’s damageElevator and pressure-bearing equipmentCarry out in timeCheck and maintain, evaluate the safety status of equipment one by one,Ensure that the hidden dangers are eliminated and meet the safety requirements before it can be put into operation again. All districts and bureaus, sub-bureaus and special equipment production and use units are required to improve the early warning and prompt mechanism for extreme weather, establish targeted preventive measures for extreme weather, strengthen daily inspections, improve emergency response plans, and earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of special equipment safety.

&emsp; &emsp; The Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress proposed to develop nuclear power actively, safely and orderly. The 14th Five-Year Plan for Modern Energy System proposes to actively and orderly promote the construction of coastal nuclear power projects and rationally arrange new coastal nuclear power projects on the premise of ensuring safety. By 2025, the installed capacity of nuclear power operation will reach about 70 million kilowatts. In this issue, several experts are invited to discuss related issues.

&emsp;&emsp; Rank among the world’s nuclear power countries

&emsp; &emsp; What is the situation and development prospect of nuclear power construction in China?

&emsp; &emsp; Du Zhongming (Party Secretary and President of the General Electric Power Planning and Design Institute): As a clean energy, nuclear power is one of the main sources of electricity in China, which plays an important role in optimizing China’s energy structure, ensuring energy security, building a new energy system and helping to achieve the goal of "double carbon".

&emsp; &emsp; Nuclear power refers to the use of heat energy released by uranium nuclear fission to generate electricity, which has the characteristics of high energy density, high single-machine power, high land utilization rate, no influence from seasons and climate, stable and relatively low power generation cost, and can run stably and efficiently for a long time. Compared with other power generation methods, the annual power generation utilization hours of nuclear power units remain above 7,000 hours all the year round, ranking first among all power sources, and no sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, soot and carbon dioxide are emitted in the production process. The carbon dioxide emission equivalent of nuclear power in the whole life cycle is only about 12.2 g/kWh, which is basically the same as that of hydropower and lower than that of wind power and photovoltaic. Safety is the premise of the development of nuclear power industry. The existing three generations of nuclear power mainly improve the safety of nuclear power plants by improving the safety system, and have actually eliminated the possibility of releasing a large number of radioactive materials from the design.

&emsp; &emsp; Since Qinshan nuclear power started construction in 1985, after nearly 40 years of development, China has become one of the world’s nuclear power countries. Up to now, there are more than 50 commercial nuclear power units in China, mainly concentrated in the coastal provinces of Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, with a total installed capacity of over 56 million kilowatts, ranking third in the world, second only to the United States and France. There are more than 20 nuclear power units under construction, and the installed capacity of the units under construction has remained the first in the world for more than ten years. "Hualong No.1" units have been put into operation one after another, which indicates that China has achieved a comprehensive leap from the second generation to the independent third generation of nuclear power technology. The demonstration project of Shidaowan high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, the world’s first pebble bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, was connected to the grid for the first time, marking that China has become one of the few countries in the world to master the fourth-generation nuclear energy technology.

&emsp; &emsp; China’s nuclear power engineering construction team is constantly developing, and it has the engineering construction ability to build more than 40 nuclear power units at the same time, which can meet the challenge of simultaneous construction of multiple projects, multiple bases and several reactor types. The average construction period of nuclear power is 73 months (including the first batch of projects such as AP1000 and EPR), which is 85 months lower than the global average. "Hualong No.1", the world’s first reactor of Fujian Fuqing Nuclear Power Unit 5, took about 68 months from construction to commercial operation, and completed the construction target as scheduled, becoming the world’s first third-generation nuclear power reactor put into production on schedule. In addition, China has achieved independent research and development and localization of key nuclear safety equipment and materials, and the comprehensive localization rate of independent third-generation nuclear power has reached over 90%, forming an annual supply capacity of 8-10 sets of million kilowatt nuclear power main equipment. The demonstration projects of "Guohe-1", fast reactor and small reactor are progressing in an orderly manner on schedule, and new progress has been made in the research and development of advanced reactor systems such as thorium-based molten salt reactor, lead-based fast reactor and fusion reactor, and they are at the forefront of the world.

&emsp; &emsp; China attaches great importance to nuclear safety and has established a strict nuclear safety supervision system, and the overall level of nuclear power safety in operation ranks among the advanced in the world. In recent years, in the comprehensive ranking of similar units of the World Nuclear Power Operators Association, more than 80% of the indicators are better than the world median level, and more than 70% of the indicators have reached the world advanced value. At the same time, a relatively complete and independent nuclear fuel cycle industrial chain has been established, and the nuclear fuel supply and back-end processing capabilities have been continuously enhanced, forming a uranium resource guarantee system that strengthens the exploration and development of domestic uranium resources, strengthens the development of natural uranium overseas, improves the reserve capacity of natural uranium products and resources, and broadens the international trade in uranium resources, thus meeting the needs of medium and long-term nuclear power development.

&emsp; &emsp; Nuclear power will play a greater role in power supply and become an important supporting power source for the safe and stable operation of new power systems. The electricity consumption of the whole society will maintain steady growth for a long time, and it is expected to exceed 12.5 trillion kWh in 2030, with an average annual growth rate of about 4.2%; The proportion of electricity consumption in terminal energy will continue to increase, reaching about 35% in 2030. Based on the balance analysis of power and electricity demand, China’s nuclear power needs to maintain a certain construction speed and scale in the future, and actively and orderly promote the construction of coastal nuclear power projects on the premise of ensuring safety.

&emsp; &emsp; The third generation nuclear power will be the main commercial nuclear power technology in the future. The third-generation nuclear power technology is mature. At present, all new nuclear power units in China adopt the third-generation and above nuclear power technology, and it is expected that the third-generation nuclear power technology will still be the main nuclear power technology in the future. In addition, the design life of the third generation nuclear power is 60 years. With effective and good life management, it is very likely that the life will be extended for another 10 to 20 years and become the mainstream application technology in the future.

&emsp; &emsp; Non-electric utilization of nuclear energy blooms at many points. Demonstration projects such as Shandong Haiyang nuclear energy heating, Liaoning Hongyanhe nuclear energy heating and Zhejiang Haiyan nuclear energy industrial heating have been completed and put into use to solve the urgent need of "burning coal" for central heating. At present, the first industrial nuclear steam supply project in China has started construction in Tianwan Nuclear Power Base. The 14th Five-Year Plan and the outline of the long-term goal in 2035 put forward that coastal nuclear power construction should be promoted safely and steadily. Considering that the coastal area is in the load center of China, the coastal site can support the development scale of China’s medium and long-term nuclear power. The site of nuclear power plant is a very scarce strategic resource, which has strict requirements and restrictions on many factors such as seismic geology, hydrometeorology, etc. The development of nuclear power plant site has the characteristics of long duration, many links, wide coverage, high cost and great difficulty, which is the key to realize the safe and sustainable development of nuclear power. In the future, it is urgent to sort out the existing nuclear power site resources in China, explore a new mode of site protection, comprehensively consider and balance the interests of all parties, and achieve harmonious and win-win development.

&emsp; &emsp;Build a complete nuclear power industry chain

&emsp; &emsp; China has a complete nuclear industry system. How effective is the construction of nuclear power industry chain at present?

&emsp; &emsp; Bai Yunsheng (President of China Nuclear Strategic Planning Research Institute): Nuclear power has the characteristics of "nuclear" and "electricity". It is characterized by knowledge-intensive, capital-intensive and talent-intensive high-tech industries, involving dozens of industries in the upstream and downstream, with high industrial relevance, long industrial chain and strong driving force. With the continuous development of nuclear energy in China, all aspects of the nuclear power industry chain have been gradually established and continuously improved, and a nuclear power industry chain covering nuclear power R&D design, nuclear power construction, natural uranium production, nuclear fuel processing, equipment manufacturing, nuclear power operation, nuclear power decommissioning, spent fuel and nuclear waste management has been formed.

&emsp; &emsp; In terms of nuclear power R&D and design, the innovation ability has been continuously enhanced, and independent brands have been gradually established. China’s nuclear power R&D design has gone through the process from technical support to introduction, digestion and absorption, independent design and the formation of independent brands, and gradually realized the "four-level jump" in R&D design of million kilowatt pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. At present, we have two independent third-generation nuclear power technologies, namely "Hualong No.1" and "Guohe No.1", and have mastered the R&D and design technology of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. Domestic nuclear power groups are actively promoting the R&D, design and demonstration application of small pressurized water reactors, and the R&D and demonstration projects of advanced nuclear energy systems such as sodium-cooled fast reactors, lead-based fast reactors and thorium-based molten salt reactor are stepping up.

&emsp; &emsp; In terms of natural uranium production, the ability to develop and supply uranium resources has been further consolidated. China’s natural uranium production has developed continuously from scratch, forming a whole industrial chain covering geological exploration, mining, smelting and processing, and forming a certain scale of natural uranium production capacity. An exploration system combining space remote sensing, ground exploration, underground physics and hydrology has been established, forming a productivity pattern with sandstone in the north as the main part and hard rock in the south as the supplement. At present, the Yili base in Xinjiang is operating efficiently and stably, the construction of Tongliao and Erdos thousand-ton bases in Inner Mongolia is accelerated, and overseas uranium resource bases such as Luoxin Uranium Mine of China National Nuclear Corporation and Hushan Uranium Mine of China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation are operating efficiently.

&emsp; &emsp; In nuclear fuel processing, industrial capacity has gradually entered the forefront of the world. China has built two uranium purification and conversion production bases in the north and south, and the development of a new generation of uranium enrichment centrifuges is progressing smoothly, and the separation function and technical and economic indicators of a single machine are further improved, and the processing and supply capacity of nuclear fuel components covering multiple types and types in China has been built. At present, the production capacity of nuclear fuel elements of PWR is 1,400 tons uranium/year, and that of heavy water reactor is 200 tons uranium/year. The production capacity of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor elements has formed a certain scale, which has the comprehensive strength to rapidly expand the production scale.

&emsp; &emsp; In terms of nuclear power construction, the autonomous ability and general contracting ability of nuclear power engineering construction management have been continuously improved. China has fully mastered the construction capacity of international nuclear power mainstream and research reactor types covering the world’s first AP1000 unit, heavy water reactor, pressurized water reactor, fourth-generation nuclear power sodium-cooled fast reactor and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, and has built a new model of high-quality refined management.

&emsp; &emsp; In terms of equipment manufacturing, the layout of nuclear power equipment industry has been basically completed, and the core links are self-controllable. At present, China has formed three major nuclear power equipment manufacturing bases in Northeast China, Shanghai and Sichuan, and has developed and expanded a number of nuclear power equipment and parts manufacturing enterprises. The nuclear power products and systems independently developed by equipment enterprises have been successfully applied to nuclear power projects such as "Hualong No.1", "Guohe No.1" and "Linglong No.1" and demonstration fast reactor, forming a relatively complete industrial chain and having industrialized and batch production capacity.

&emsp; &emsp; In terms of nuclear power operation, the installed capacity of commercial nuclear power units continues to grow, and its operating performance is leading the world. According to the statistics of performance indicators in 2022 released by the World Association of Nuclear Power Operators, among the 51 nuclear power plants in China that meet the calculation conditions of the comprehensive index of the association, 37 units have reached a full score of 100, accounting for 50% of the world’s full score units (74 units). The full score ratio and average value of the comprehensive index are higher than those of major nuclear power countries such as the United States, Russia, France and South Korea, and are better than the average level of global units.

&emsp; &emsp; In terms of nuclear power decommissioning, China has the ability to provide complete decommissioning technical solutions. With the help of decommissioning experience of large-scale nuclear facilities, the decommissioning technology of nuclear facilities can be basically mastered, which can provide an overall solution from source investigation, decontamination, demolition, treatment, preparation, transportation and final disposal, and can lay a foundation for the implementation of nuclear power decommissioning in the future.

&emsp; &emsp; In the management of spent fuel and nuclear waste, the capacity of the management system has been further strengthened. A spent fuel transportation system including rail, sea and highway intermodal transportation was built, and it was officially put into operation, completing two batches of spent fuel transportation tasks. Dry-wet intermediate storage capacity of spent fuel was formed, and dry storage facilities of spent fuel in Daya Bay, Qinshan and Tianwan nuclear power stations were officially put into operation. The construction of special post-treatment scientific research projects and demonstration projects has been steadily advanced. The first phase of Longhe National Centralized Disposal Site has been completed and put into operation. The construction of Guangdong Yangjiang Low-level Solid Waste Disposal Site and the preliminary work of Guangxi Fangchenggang, Liaoning Xudabao and Shandong Haiyang Disposal Site have been promoted in an orderly manner. The pattern of combining radioactive waste concentration with regional disposal is taking shape.

&emsp; &emsp; On the whole, the continuous expansion of the scale of the nuclear power industry will continue to drive the upstream and downstream industries to achieve high-quality development, and the level of independent control of the industrial chain will be further improved. It is estimated that before 2030, the installed capacity of nuclear power in operation in China is expected to become the first in the world and occupy a more important position in the world nuclear power industry structure.

&emsp; &emsp;Multi-application scenarios provide low-carbon and high-efficiency energy

&emsp; &emsp; Besides power generation, what other application scenarios are there for nuclear power plants in China?

&emsp; &emsp; Liu Shichang (Associate Professor, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University): China’s nuclear power plants are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. The main purpose of nuclear power plants is to generate electricity, generate heat energy through nuclear reactors, drive turbine generators to generate electricity, and provide electricity for surrounding areas. While providing clean electricity, nuclear power plants have other application scenarios to provide low-carbon and efficient energy security for production and life.

&emsp; &emsp; One is industrial heating and steam supply. Industry accounts for about 70% of China’s total energy consumption, and it is a key industry of carbon emission. The industrial heating efficiency of nuclear power plant is high, and it will not produce a lot of waste gas and pollutants, which can provide stable heating and steam supply services for surrounding industrial zones and improve the economic benefits of enterprises. China mainly provides industrial steam through pressurized water reactors. For example, the nuclear energy industrial heating project jointly built by Qinshan Nuclear Power of China National Nuclear Corporation and Haiyan County of Zhejiang Province was officially completed and put into use in December 2022, which is the first nuclear energy industrial heating project in China. Tianwan Nuclear Power of CNNC also started the nuclear steam supply project. High temperature gas-cooled reactor has the advantage of high core outlet temperature, and it is also the main path for industrial steam supply, especially high quality steam supply in the future. In 2021, the demonstration project of Shidaowan high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant was connected to the grid for the first time, which became an important carrier for China to explore high-temperature reactors to provide industrial steam and carry out hydrogen production. Modular small reactors, such as Hemei No.1 of China Power Investment Corporation, NHR200-II low-temperature heating reactor jointly developed by China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group and Tsinghua University, and Yanlong swimming pool low-temperature heating reactor of China National Nuclear Power Group, can also provide clean steam and provide decarbonization schemes for high energy-consuming industries.

&emsp; &emsp; The second is clean heating. About one third of our country needs winter heating, and the heating period lasts for four to six months. Hundreds of large and medium-sized cities in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China need hundreds of thousands of megawatts of heating power every year, and consume billions of tons of coal every year, accounting for more than 15% of total energy consumption. Nuclear reaction in nuclear power plants will generate a lot of heat energy, which can be converted into steam or hot water and transported to the urban heating system through pipelines. This way is cleaner, more efficient and more reliable than traditional heating methods such as thermal power plants and coal-fired boilers. Both large and small pile heating technologies have broad application prospects in the field of low-carbon heating.

&emsp; &emsp; In terms of piles, Zhejiang Haiyan Nuclear Energy Industrial Heating Demonstration Project, the first nuclear energy heating project in southern China, was officially put into operation in December, 2021. Using the surplus thermal power of Qinshan nuclear power base units in winter, large-scale safe, zero-carbon and economical nuclear energy heating was provided to public facilities, residential quarters and industrial parks in Haiyan County without affecting the original power generation and safety performance of the units, which truly achieved a win-win situation for local residents, local governments, nuclear power enterprises and ecological protection. It is estimated that after the completion of the project, the burning of standard coal will be reduced by 24,600 tons per year, and the emission reduction will be 1,817 tons of sulfur dioxide, 908 tons of nitrogen oxides and 59,000 tons of carbon dioxide.

&emsp; &emsp; As for small reactors, the Yanlong swimming pool type low-temperature heating reactor independently developed by CNNC is a reactor model specially used for heating residents in winter in northern China. It has the advantages of high inherent safety, good adaptability of heating network, flexible site selection, etc. A 400,000-kilowatt swimming pool reactor can heat more than 300,000 people, replace 320,000 tons of coal or 160 million cubic meters of gas every year, and reduce the emission of smoke and dust by 5,000 tons, ash by 50,000 tons and carbon dioxide by 640%.

&emsp; &emsp; The third is desalination. Desalination refers to the removal of salt from seawater, making it into fresh water that can be drunk or used for irrigation, providing fresh water resources for surrounding areas and solving the problem of water shortage, especially suitable for coastal areas. At present, there are three commonly used seawater desalination technologies, namely, multi-stage flash distillation, low-temperature multi-effect distillation and reverse osmosis. Because nuclear power plants can provide both electric energy and steam, the above three technologies can be coupled with nuclear power plants. On the one hand, by using the existing nuclear power plants in operation, supporting the construction of seawater desalination facilities to operate in cogeneration mode. For example, Shandong Haiyang Nuclear Power put into operation the scientific and technological demonstration project of "simultaneous production and delivery of water and heat", which directly turned seawater into high-temperature and high-quality fresh water at 95 degrees Celsius; Tianwan Nuclear Power of CNNC provides electricity and industrial steam, and at the same time, it is also promoting seawater desalination project. Liaoning Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant has realized seawater desalination by using the waste heat of nuclear power plant to provide cooling water for nuclear power units, with a capacity of 10,080 cubic meters per day. On the other hand, multi-purpose advanced nuclear energy systems suitable for seawater desalination and other fields can be developed and built. Advanced nuclear energy system has a broad prospect in the field of seawater desalination because of its comprehensive advantages such as small size, strong flexibility, large power ratio, good adaptability and wide application fields. China has been following the world’s leading edge in developing multi-purpose advanced nuclear energy systems. At present, it has successfully developed "Yanlong" and "Linglong No.1", which are suitable for seawater desalination, heating and other fields.

&emsp; &emsp; The fourth is hydrogen production by nuclear energy. Nuclear energy can be used to produce hydrogen on a large scale, and it has the advantages of no greenhouse gas, high efficiency and large scale with water as raw material, and is an important solution for large-scale hydrogen supply in the future. High-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is the fourth generation advanced nuclear energy technology with independent intellectual property rights in China, which has the advantages of good safety and high core outlet temperature. Its characteristics of high temperature and high pressure match the thermochemical cycle hydrogen production technology suitable for large-scale hydrogen production, and it is considered to be the most suitable reactor type and the most promising nuclear hydrogen production technology route in the future. In December 2021, the world’s first pebble bed modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant was connected to the grid for power generation. After the demonstration project is put into operation, it will further March from a single "electricity" to five sub-target markets of "hydrogen, steam, water, heat and electricity", and its temperature parameters also cover most of the heat source requirements in the fields of ethanol purification, salt chemical industry, petrochemical industry, coal chemical industry and hydrogen production, which will be the "double carbon" target.

&emsp; &emsp;Ensure safety is that premise of nuclear power development.

&emsp; &emsp; Nuclear safety is the lifeline of nuclear power development. What should China pay attention to in the safe and orderly development of nuclear power in the future?

&emsp; &emsp; Zhao Chengkun (Executive Deputy Director of Expert Committee of China Nuclear Energy Industry Association and former Director of National Nuclear Safety Administration): By the end of 2022, there were 422 units in operation worldwide, with a total installed capacity of over 378 million kilowatts, distributed in 32 countries or regions around the world. There are 57 nuclear power units under construction in the world, distributed in 18 countries and regions, with a total installed capacity of 59.58 million kilowatts.

&emsp; &emsp; Among the major nuclear power countries in the world, the United States has 92 operational reactors with a total installed capacity of 94.718 million kilowatts, and nuclear power generation accounts for about 20%. There are 56 operational nuclear reactors in France, which are distributed along the coast and inland, and nuclear power generation accounts for about 70%. There are 37 operational reactors in Russia, most of which are located in the western region, and nuclear power generation accounts for about 20%. After the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, Japan shut down all reactors. In recent years, due to the shortage of energy supply and other factors, more than 10 reactors have been restarted with the approval of the regulatory authorities, and many other reactors are being restarted for approval.

&emsp; &emsp; After more than 70 years of development, the United States has established perfect laws and regulations in the field of nuclear energy, formed a complete nuclear industry system and a strong nuclear science and technology research and development capability. However, after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, a large number of uranium mines in the United States were closed, the production capacity was gradually shrinking, and the uranium conversion and nuclear power construction capacity were significantly reduced. In recent years, the United States has resumed its emphasis on the development of nuclear energy. The report "Rebuilding the Competitive Advantage of Nuclear Energy in the United States" lists promoting the development of the front-end industries of the nuclear fuel cycle as the primary task, implementing domestic uranium reserves, expanding the supply of nuclear fuel, attaching importance to the research and development of micro-reactors, and promoting the accelerated development of comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy.

&emsp; &emsp; In 2022, France issued the "2030 Investment Plan", which includes the demonstration of small modular reactor technology and the large-scale hydrogen production plan of nuclear power by 2030. Russia has sound laws and regulations in the nuclear field and clear development policies. The Russian nuclear industry system, represented by the Russian Atomic Energy Corporation, provides nuclear power life-cycle services from uranium resource development to nuclear waste disposal. In recent years, it has launched several overseas market projects in Eastern Europe, East Asia and Middle East countries, and promoted the development of nuclear reactors in different application scenarios. In 2021, the Japanese Atomic Energy Agency resumed the operation of the small high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, and in 2022, it announced with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries that a demonstration hydrogen production project would be established on this basis. At the same time, Japan attaches great importance to the development of small modular reactors. Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi Fast Reactor Systems are cooperating with American Tara Energy Company to develop sodium-cooled fast reactors.

&emsp; &emsp; From the perspective of international nuclear power development, the occurrence of nuclear accidents has made countries more deeply aware of the importance of nuclear safety. Nowadays, the world’s major nuclear power countries are actively developing the fourth generation nuclear power technology to further improve the safety and economy of nuclear power. At present, the layout of nuclear power in China is unbalanced, all the nuclear power units in operation and under construction are distributed in coastal areas, and the site of nuclear power is scarce, and the proportion of nuclear power generation in the total power generation is lower than the current world average of 10%, which is still far from the developed countries.

&emsp; &emsp; Under the goal of "double carbon", with the development of nuclear power scale, the demand for natural uranium and the production of spent fuel and radioactive waste will continue to increase. According to the forecast that the scale of PWR in operation will reach 150 million kilowatts in 2035, the annual demand for natural uranium will reach 30,000 tons, and the annual output of spent fuel will be about 3,000 tons. In addition, a million-kilowatt PWR needs about 10,000 tons of natural uranium for 60 years, and about 1.5 million tons of natural uranium for the whole life cycle of 150 million nuclear power installations. Therefore, it is the key to realize the sustainable development of nuclear power to further improve the support capacity of natural uranium in China.

&emsp; &emsp; China has a relatively complete nuclear industry system, and its basic research capability has been continuously strengthened, and has independently developed three generations of nuclear power technologies, namely, Hualong No.1 and Guohe No.1.. Limited by the overall industrial level and related professional basic ability, there are still some shortcomings and weaknesses in some key equipment and materials of nuclear power in China. In addition, as a key link in the technical development route of "thermal reactor-fast reactor-fusion reactor", fast reactor can greatly improve the utilization rate of uranium resources and reduce high-level radioactive waste, which is of great significance to improve the economy and safety of nuclear power. The world’s nuclear power countries have invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the development of fast reactors, from basic research, facility development to demonstration projects, increasing research and development, and striving to control the commanding heights of technology. China has carried out the demonstration project of sodium-cooled fast reactor, and is studying a more advanced integrated fast reactor nuclear energy system, but there is still a big gap from the commercial scale application. It is necessary to increase research and development in reactor core design, dry reprocessing technology and metal fuel element manufacturing. In addition to sodium-cooled fast reactors, many domestic units have carried out research on lead (bismuth) cold fast reactors, and relevant departments should strengthen guidance to form a joint force to improve research and development efficiency.

&emsp; &emsp; Due to the long development cycle of nuclear energy projects, there are some problems such as the increased protection cost of some nuclear power sites and the difficulty in coordinating the development of sites across administrative regions. The site selection and development and utilization of related supporting nuclear facilities have prominent neighborhood effect, and some projects have been forced to stop construction due to insufficient communication and improper handling. Through effective communication and popular science propaganda, the concerns of stakeholders should be handled well to improve the public’s acceptance of nuclear energy.

&emsp; &emsp; Ensuring safety is the premise of active, orderly and efficient development of nuclear power. China has promulgated the law on the prevention and control of radioactive pollution and the law on nuclear safety, but the laws and regulations related to the nuclear field such as radioactive waste management, nuclear accident compensation and nuclear power management need to be improved as soon as possible. It is necessary to pay attention to various possible risk challenges and implement the principle of "safety first, prevention first, clear responsibility, strict management, defense in depth, independent supervision and safety guarantee". Nuclear power business units should always attach importance to the construction of nuclear safety culture, and regard it as a long-term, systematic and overall important work, and implement the concept and values of nuclear safety culture in all aspects of planning, scientific research, design and operation to ensure the safe and sustainable development of nuclear power in China.