As an important variety in the futures market, soda ash futures have attracted much attention for its characteristics and market prospects. Soda soda, whose chemical name is sodium carbonate, is widely used in glass manufacturing, detergent production, pulp and paper making and other industries. Therefore, the fluctuation of soda ash futures not only affects the cost control of related enterprises, but also has a far-reaching impact on the stability of the entire industrial chain.

First of all, the characteristics of soda ash futures are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. The relationship between supply and demand is complex: The production and consumption of soda ash are distributed in many countries and regions around the world, and the relationship between supply and demand is affected by many factors, including the price of raw materials, production technology and environmental protection policies. These factors make the price fluctuation of soda ash futures more frequent and larger.

2. The seasonal characteristics are obvious: The demand for soda ash shows obvious differences in different seasons. For example, due to the increase in detergent demand in summer, the consumption of soda ash will increase; In winter, the consumption of soda ash may decrease due to the decrease of demand in the construction industry. This seasonal feature makes the price trend of soda ash futures predictable.

3. The industrial chain has a wide influence: As a basic chemical raw material, the price fluctuation of soda ash will directly affect the cost of downstream products. For example, the glass manufacturing industry has a large demand for soda ash, and the rising price of soda ash will directly increase the cost of glass production, and then affect the market price of glass products.

Next, let’s look at the market prospect of soda ash futures:

1. The market demand continues to grow: With the development of global economy, especially the rise of emerging markets, the demand for soda ash will continue to grow. Especially in the context of increasingly strict environmental protection policies, the demand for soda ash as an environmentally friendly raw material will further increase.

2. Technological innovation promotes market development: With the continuous progress of production technology, the production efficiency and product quality of soda ash will be improved, which will help reduce production costs and improve market competitiveness. At the same time, the application of new technology will also promote the innovation and development of soda ash futures market.

3. The policy environment has a far-reaching impact: The adjustment of environmental protection and energy policies by governments of various countries will directly affect the production and consumption of soda ash. For example, the tightening of environmental protection policy may lead to the withdrawal of some highly polluting and inefficient soda production enterprises from the market, thus affecting the balance between supply and demand in the market.

In order to show the market prospect of soda ash futures more intuitively, the following is a simple table, which compares the influence of different factors on soda ash futures prices:

To sum up, the characteristics and market prospects of soda ash futures are influenced by many factors. When investors participate in soda ash futures trading, they need to pay close attention to market dynamics, rationally analyze the relationship between supply and demand, technological progress and changes in policy environment, so as to make wise investment decisions.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Biden announces a package of nominations for core positions. (Source: Associated Press)

　　Overseas network December 1 ST　Biden, the "elected president" of the United States, has announced a series of nominations and appointments for core positions of the new government in recent days. On November 30th, CNN published an article saying that Biden’s personnel appointment basically realized the earlier expectations of relevant candidates and "diversity" commitment, and the article further exposed several "firsts in history" in Biden’s new team.

　　First female finance minister candidate

　　Former Federal Reserve Chairman janet yellen was formally nominated as Treasury Secretary by Biden. If this nomination is approved by the Senate, Yellen will become the first woman in the United States to serve as Treasury Secretary.

　　Yellen, 74, is a Jewish economist with a doctorate in economics from Yale University. She served as the chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers under former President Bill Clinton. Yellen has worked in the Federal Reserve for many years, successively serving as President of federal reserve bank of san francisco and Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve. In 2014, Yellen, who was nominated by then President Obama, became the first female chairman in the history of the Federal Reserve.

　　The first African-American deputy finance minister candidate

　　Wally Adeyemo, a macroeconomist and national security adviser, was nominated as the US Deputy Treasury Secretary and is expected to become the first African-American Deputy Treasury Secretary. Ardeyeh Mo was born in Ardeyeh in 1981. He served as a senior adviser on international economy during Obama’s tenure and is currently the chairman of the Obama Foundation.

　　First Hispanic-American White House Social Secretary

　　Carlos Elizondo, the social secretary of the Biden couple, was appointed as the White House social secretary, and he is expected to become the first Hispanic White House social secretary in American history. During the Clinton administration, Elizondo served in the White House and the Office of the Director of Protocol.

　　The first female national intelligence director candidate

　　Avril Haines was nominated as the Director of National Intelligence. If the nomination is confirmed, she will become the first woman to be the director of national intelligence in the United States. Haines is currently the chairman of the National Security Council, which is responsible for formulating the government’s national security and foreign policy. She served as assistant to the president and chief deputy national security adviser during the Obama administration.

　　First Latino-American Secretary of Homeland Security

　　If approved by the Senate, Alejandro Mayorkas will become the first Latino immigrant to serve as Secretary of Homeland Security. During the Obama administration, he served as Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security and Director of the US Citizenship and Immigration Service of the Department of Homeland Security. During his tenure, he supervised the implementation of the "Deferred Repatriation Plan for Children", which is an administrative measure of the Obama administration to protect young undocumented immigrants who went to the United States as children from being deported.

　　First Chairperson of African-American Women’s Economic Advisory Committee

　　Cecilia Rouse, a labor economist, has been nominated as the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, and is expected to become the first African-American woman to lead this department that provides economic policy advice to the President in American history. She is currently the Dean of the School of Public and International Affairs of Princeton University, and is an economist specializing in education and equality. Ross was a member of the White House Council of Economic Advisers during Obama’s tenure and also served on the National Economic Council of the Clinton administration.

　　The first South Asian American director of the Office of Administration and Budget.

　　Neera Tanden was nominated as the director of the United States Office of Management and Budget, and is expected to become the first colored woman and South Asian American director in the history of this department. Tenton served in the Obama administration and the Clinton administration. He was a senior adviser on health care reform in the US Department of Health and Human Services, and also served as the domestic policy director of the Obama campaign. (Overseas network Yao Kaihong)

[car home Weifang Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, a new round of preferential activities was launched in Weifang, with the highest discount reaching 5,000 yuan and the lowest starting price dropping to 103,700 yuan. If you are considering buying Xingrui, you may wish to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

The design of Geely Xingrui adopts bold and dynamic lines, the front face adopts Geely family-style design language, and the air intake grille is blackened with LED daytime running lights, which makes the whole front face look sharper. The body lines are smooth, the tail shape is simple, and the overall style is full of modernity and fashion atmosphere, which highlights the high-end positioning of Geely Xingrui.

The body size of Xingrui is 4785*1869*1469 mm and the wheelbase is 2800 mm, creating a spacious and comfortable interior space. The lines on the side of the car are smooth and dynamic, with 17-inch wheels, and the tyre size is 215/55 R17, showing an elegant and fashionable style.

Xingrui interior adopts a fashionable and simple design style, equipped with a 14.6-inch large-size central control screen, which provides rich multimedia and navigation functions. The steering wheel is wrapped in leather, which feels comfortable and supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth to meet the needs of different drivers. The seat is made of imitation leather. The main driver’s seat can be adjusted back and forth, and the height can be adjusted (2-way). The co-pilot seat also has the functions of adjusting back and forth, while the rear seat supports proportional reclining, which increases the flexibility and practicability of the space. In addition, the car is also equipped with a USB interface, which is convenient for charging devices such as mobile phones.

Xingrui is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 133kW and a maximum torque of 290 N m. It is equipped with a 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, which brings strong power performance and efficient shifting experience to drivers.

He spoke highly of the appearance of Xingrui. He mentioned: "The appearance is atmospheric, the body is streamlined, the waist line is smart and full of movement." This fully embodies the unique charm of Xingrui in design, so that every driver can feel its extraordinary temperament.

Special feature of 1905 film network There is no doubt that Alita released this week is the most watched new film.

This film has been taken out from a very early age, and the Cameron effect is tightly tied. "It’s time to shoot", such a news has been delayed for ten years, and this one has been delayed for 14 years.

In 2005, there was news that Ka Shen was going to adapt Japanese cartoons. As a result, the procrastination card god naturally did not carry out the project quickly. Later, after a series of events such as changing directors and changing schedules, the film finally met with you.

Even though the director used Hollywood B-film director robert rodriguez, Ka Shen was still not idle, and all the publicity was done by himself. He repeatedly stressed that although he abdicated as a director, he still participated in it as a screenwriter and producer, not just in name only.

Cameron and robert rodriguez.

Even, the propaganda put Alita together to create the "A-word universe" of the card god, and can’t wait to announce to the audience that "the card god’s products must be fine."

What is this "card god work" like?

Rotten tomatoes in North America are divided, and the freshness of professionals is 59%, which is in sharp contrast with the audience’s preference of 94%. Although it has been loved by many audiences, compared with the previous "works of card gods", this film is much weaker in word of mouth.

The domestic reputation is OK, with Douban score of 7.6, Cat’s Eye score of 9.0 and Taobao Film score of 8.9.

Judging from the evaluation of various audiences, whether they like it or not, everyone talked about the special effects of this film. Indeed, the CG special effects of the whole work are the top in this industry, and there is no fault at all. If the audience who reject CG, they can choose to wash their eyes with this movie.

However, why did this movie make a group of people dislike it so much?

Perhaps the script of Alita has to carry a big pot. In the long 122 minutes, the script took more than an hour to lay out and show the world view of the whole story, and then it took 40 minutes to develop, but in the end it only took 10 minutes to end quickly.

The performance of special effects is emphasized too much, but the core story is weakened, which leads to the film being as cold as the robot in the film and losing its proper temperature.

But in fact, before talking about this film in detail, let’s talk about the original gunnm, and what magic it has made Cameron forget about it.

What’s so fascinating about the setting of the original gunnm?

Gunnm is a typical cartoon with eschatological theme, which tells the story of the wasteland world where robots and people combine, and it is also a work full of Cyberpunk style.

Before this, another cartoon with a similar theme has been published, which began to discuss the impact on future social morality and order after the rapid development of science and technology in modern times.

Ghost in the shell.

Back to reality, it was also the fastest period of Japan’s economic development, but it was also the early stage of the bubble economy about to burst. In those years, although Japan’s per capita GDP surpassed that of the United States, and even many people began to buy industries in the United States crazily, in fact, after signing the Plaza Accord, the yen depreciated for five years, which made many people full of fear.

As a result, a number of similar works emerged in Japan during that period, and gunnm was one of them.

Gunnm has a total of 9 episodes, with the theme of describing human nature. Compared with The Crushing of the Shell, which has already discussed the issues of soul and body in a deeper level, gunnm shows readers the world view from the beginning — —

In the 26th century, the world was a mixture of light and darkness, including the unequal relationship between the city of Salem in the sky and the town of scrap iron in the world.

Compared with previous films such as ghost in the shell, everyone is drawing a lot of pen and ink to speculate on the boundary between human and robot. But in gunnm, directness doesn’t exist.

As long as you have a human brain, it belongs to "people".

Of course, for any works with eschatological themes, the most difficult thing is to set the world outlook.

It didn’t take long for comics to be directly presented to two worlds that are not connected with each other. In fact, they directly presented classes to everyone.

In addition, there is a corresponding class in the scrap metal town. Makhakhe, Alita’s arch-rival, was born like the "Penguin character" in the movie, and had nothing to do with the excitement on the ground. In the cartoon, Alita finally asks Makhakhe,"Our bodies are all made by people. Why do you become a strange bug?"

Gunnm’s worldview inevitably reminds people of George Orwell’s 1984.

The binary opposition between the ruling class and the ruled class, which is the most typical in 1984, is perfectly presented in gunnm, even darker than the former. In "gunnm", the dystopian setting is even more cruel, and the residents of the scrap iron town are managed by an absolute high-pressure policy. In fact, this absolutely opposite description of the world has also influenced many subsequent works, such as space-opposing science fiction movies.

The original Yukio Kimura himself said, "In the period of creating sci-fi comics, it was George Orwell’s 1984, ridley scott’s blade runner and george miller’s Mad Max that influenced me."

In the setting, Alita is pregnant with "Mecha", which is also an ancient martial art of Mars. In fact, this Mecha technique originated from the martial arts on the earth, and the original author, Yukio Mucheng, specially incorporated many elements of China boxing. Because the Japanese had misunderstood China’s boxing at that time, the original work specially collected all kinds of fighting materials to show them better in the comics.

From comics to movies, where did you move?

In fact, the main story line of Alita is placed in the first four works of gunnm. However, Hollywood has never been so quiet about the reform, and other series of "gunnm" are mixed in the story, including the subsequent "last order".

However, in the movie, many different adaptations have been made.

The original cartoonist Yukio Kimura himself said, "The heroine of "gunnm" is Gary, and the movie uses the name Alita in the American version. In the original, Gary is a relatively introverted character, and Alita in the movie has a strong personality and often laughs."

The film shifted all kinds of perspectives to Alita, and even became more personal, so that Alita became a "guide" and took the audience to appreciate the world view of the world. After this adjustment, the director finally turned a dystopian story into a Hollywood-style personal heroism story.

The heroine Alita is relatively special. She was dropped from "Shalem". She has amnesia, but deep in her memory, she has her own fighting skills to kill the enemy. The story also slowly became "Alita’s search for herself".

In the movie, the relationship between the characters around Alita is subtracted.

First of all, it makes the relationship between Alita and medical ethics more concrete, giving up all the foreshadowing in the original work.

In the original work, medical ethics did not have a female assistant and wife, and even the name for Alita was actually the name of his dead cat. This change may be to increase the emotional expression of medical ethics regarding Alita as a daughter. But in the original book, medical ethics only treated Alita as a pet at first. Such changes have also made this branch line more direct, and there is no need to spend too much ink on it.

However, for the setting of her boyfriend Hugo, the film adaptation seems to be less convincing.

In the original book, there are actually two rules in the scrap iron city. Apart from the movie "People are not allowed to hold any guns", there is also a "Scrap iron city is not allowed to fly". This setting is the key to Hugo’s obsession with Salem — — His brother was shot dead for making a hot air balloon and trying to go to Salem.

In addition, the film still retains many comic details.

For example, at the beginning of the movie, when Alita woke up, the doctor handed her an orange, and she didn’t know what it was and took a bite. The details and emotions of these original works are displayed on the big screen, which not only has the "soul" of comics, but also has the uniqueness of movies.

Of course, the film still left a foreshadowing — — Dr Nova plays a very important role in gunnm. At the end of the film, it seems that he is set as the supreme leader of Salem. But in fact, he is another outstanding manifestation of rebellious spirit in the original work.

Cameron has left a big hole here. I don’t know how to reverse it in the future, but will there really be a chance to fill it? Even he himself said, "Look at the audience in China".

　　Beijing Morning News (Reporter Liu Jia) Tomorrow, millions of primary and middle school students in this city will usher in a new semester. Some schools beat us to it by holding the opening ceremony today. In the new semester, the city’s education pattern has been quietly fine-tuned, and "new schools" in some districts have emerged again.

　　The new semester is approaching, and several "like mushrooms after rain" have sprung up on the education map of this city. The Beijing Morning Post reporter learned from the five districts of Dongcheng, Haidian, Shijingshan, Chaoyang and Shunyi that on September 1, there were six "new schools" respectively, including newly built schools or newly listed schools.

　　In April, the "1+3" pilot project was added to the New Deal of China Merchants in this city, that is, from this year on, the students enrolled in the nearby public junior high schools in the sixth district of the city will receive the quantitative quota allocated for them by high-quality senior high schools after the end of the second school year, and continue to study for four years from grade three to grade three. The schools participating in the pilot include Tsinghua High School Attached to Tsinghua University, Peking University High School Attached to Beijing Normal University and other municipal-level co-ordination schools; It also includes ordinary middle schools in six districts of 16 cities, including Beijing No.57 Middle School and Beijing Experimental School, which have certain school-running characteristics and good school-running foundation. Students who enter this experiment will go straight to high school without taking the senior high school entrance examination.

　　In September, the first batch of "1+3" experimental project freshmen will welcome their opening ceremony. The reporter learned from the jiang tai Campus of the Middle School affiliated to Tsinghua University that this year, the school plans to enroll 400 students, including 300 boarding students and 100 day students, but the final enrollment is 240.

　　New appearance of five districts and six schools

　　Xinjian school

　　Haidian District

　　School: No.11 School, Longyue Campus

　　Features: located in Xiaoying Qiantun Road.

　　Chaoyang District

　　School: jiang tai Campus of Middle School Affiliated to Tsinghua University.

　　Features: The school covers an area of 25,000 square meters, providing students with convenient conditions for accommodation and day study. It is worth noting that the campus will fully serve the students of the "1+3" experimental project, and the students of the "1+3" experimental project of Huixin East Street Campus, a middle school affiliated to Peking University, will also borrow the campus within one year.

　　Shunyi district

　　School: Shunyi Experimental Primary School affiliated to Capital Normal University.

　　Features: Located in the 10th block of shunyi new town, covering an area of 12,350 square meters, the design will accommodate 24 classes.

　　Shijingshan District

　　School: a newly-built public kindergarten

　　Features: Located near Yuquan Road, the project is currently under approval.

　　Listing school

　　Dongcheng District

　　School: The former Beijing No.125 Middle School was added and listed as "Beijing Huiwen Experimental Middle School".

　　Features: Joined peking academy Education Group, and Chen Weijia of Huiwen Middle School runs two schools. This year, the new junior high school and senior high school jointly enrolled students with Huiwen Middle School, and unified education, teaching and management in Huiwen Middle School. Teachers are taught by teachers from both schools. In the future, the two schools will increase their efforts in the training and construction of teachers and the sharing of educational resources.

　　Haidian District

　　School: The former Beijing Taiping Road Middle School will be renamed Beijing Eleventh Experimental Middle School.

　　Features: Cui Jingyang, a famous president of Qilu from Shandong, will be the executive president of the school. The new first-year students will all realize the "class selection and shift". In the future, the school will adopt small class teaching and refined management. It is estimated that the size of each class will not exceed 24 at most.

　　■ Related news

　　Primary and secondary school playgrounds are open.

　　The timetable can be found online

　　Beijing Morning News (Reporter Zhang Lu) In the future, citizens will no longer have to worry about having no place to exercise. Yesterday, the 16th district of this city announced the date and time for the sports facilities of primary and secondary schools to go to open directory project, so citizens can choose the school sports venues near their homes to exercise. The window of the capital opened the column "Inquiries about the opening of school sports facilities to the outside world" yesterday. The Beijing Morning Post reporter noted that some school venues receive activities organized by community organizations, and some suburban schools are open to the public free of charge during some winter and summer vacations.

　　In order to give full play to the function of school sports venues and provide exercise venues for the surrounding residents, 16 districts announced the opening time, methods, projects and school addresses of school sports facilities in each district yesterday. The opening time and mode of each school are different. Take Dongcheng District as an example. Among the more than 50 primary and secondary schools open to the outside world, some only receive activities organized by community neighborhood committees, some only open in winter and summer vacations, and some only receive students from our school on weekends, but there are still a large number of school venues open to the public after 17 o’clock from Monday to Friday. The venues of most schools in Shijingshan are open on weekends and holidays, but you need to make an appointment in advance.

　　In terms of open sports, most schools take track and field, basketball, table tennis, badminton, football, volleyball and fitness, and some also include roller skating, swimming and diabolo. In terms of opening prices, most districts are not clear about whether they are open for free.

　　At the same time, some schools in the outer suburbs are clear and open for free in some time periods. For example, the stadium of Guangguang Central Primary School in Pinggu District takes the form of registration, self-provided equipment and free opening on weekends and holidays. In addition, venues such as Beiluyuan School and Zhoukoudian Middle School Stadium in Fangshan District are also free to open during the winter and summer vacations.

　　Coping with the most blocked September

　　■ means of transportation

　　Six roads for motor vehicles were completed and opened to traffic in September.

　　Tomorrow will enter the most congested September. Zhou Tian, deputy director of the Traffic Commission’s Slow Congestion Work Office, said that September is the month with the greatest traffic pressure in the whole year. Combined with the traffic data over the years, it is predicted that there will be eight key days this year, namely September 1, 8, 9, 13, 14, 18, 29 and 30, and the traffic congestion index during peak hours will reach more than 8.

　　Zhou Tian revealed that in view of the most blocked September, in addition to the increase of bus and subway capacity, six road projects are expected to be completed and opened to traffic in September this year, including Xixinglong Street, the western section of New Culture Street, Langxinzhuang Road, the west extension of Tianxiu Road, No.3 Road in Huaifang New Village and No.1 Road in Gucheng South.

　　8,000 public rental cars have been added to bike zone 5.

　　In addition, Zhou Tian revealed that in September, it will continue to increase the system construction of public bicycles. It is estimated that 8,000 public bicycles will be added in Haidian District, Fengtai District, Shijingshan District, Tongzhou District and Daxing District. At the same time, the equipment inspection of the site will be strengthened, the response speed of maintenance personnel will be improved, and faults will be repaired in time. "We will build car blocking piles on 300 roads in the city to provide a good traffic environment for pedestrians." Zhou Tian said.

　　Subway Line 6 runs at 2: 30 in the morning and evening rush hours.

　　Yesterday, the reporter learned from Beijing Metro that starting from September 1st, Metro Line 6 will use the newly compiled weekday train operation map to shorten the morning and evening peak departure interval, and passengers can wait for a train at the earliest of 2: 30. Beijing Metro said that after the implementation of the new operation map, two groups of trains were added to the morning rush hour of Line 6, reaching 49 groups, and the train interval was reduced from 3 minutes to 2 minutes and 53 seconds, increasing the capacity by 4.05%; There will be 53 trains in the evening rush hour, and the minimum departure interval will be reduced from 2 minutes and 45 seconds to 2 minutes and 30 seconds, increasing the capacity by 10%.

　　According to the introduction of Beijing Metro, the subway passenger traffic has been running at a high level since this year. While improving the line capacity, the contradiction of some line capacity still exists. Take Line 6 as an example. During the morning rush hour, the passenger flow pressure in the eastern section of the line is relatively high. There are 9 stations from North Canal West Station, Materials College Station to Jintai Road, all of which are normal current-limiting stations, and the maximum full load rate reaches 119%. After the adjustment of the minimum train interval and traffic organization mode, it is expected that the maximum full load rate will be reduced to 115%. In the evening rush hour, the maximum full load rate of Line 6 will be reduced from 101% to about 91%, effectively alleviating the transfer pressure in hujialou station.

　　Beijing Morning News reporter Cao Jingrui

　　■ Traffic order

　　Set up order maintenance posts in front of the school.

　　Beijing Morning News (Reporter Huang Xiaoyu) The reporter learned from the Municipal Traffic Management Bureau yesterday that in view of the heavy traffic pressure in the city in September, the traffic control department took a number of measures to ease congestion and strengthen the maintenance and management of road traffic order around key areas in combination with holiday arrangements and the travel needs of citizens.

　　The traffic control department has launched a high-level attendance plan, and the whole police are on the road and go all out to prepare for various responses. During the morning and evening rush hours, the patrol posts on the main roads of the Second, Third and Fourth Ring Roads and within the Fourth Ring Road will be arranged with two-wheeled motorcycles to the maximum extent to ensure that the police with sudden warning on the road will arrive at the scene quickly.

　　It is understood that the traffic control department has deployed police forces to set up order maintenance posts in front of the campus to maintain order and guide parking after the school starts on September 1 and during the peak hours of going to and from school. In the near future, the traffic control department will also step up efforts to rectify illegal activities such as illegal parking of motor vehicles, illegal soliciting of passengers by disabled people, and disturbance of road vendors. The traffic control department reminded that parents who pick up and drop off students by car should stop and leave around the campus, and do not park illegally to avoid affecting the normal traffic of other vehicles and pedestrians.

On December 18, this model was officially launched, with a price range of 186,900 yuan to 309,900 yuan, and a total of 4 power 10 models were launched. Among them, the GTE plug-in hybrid version was introduced into the Chinese market for the first time, undoubtedly providing consumers with more choices.

As a mid-term replacement, the power configuration of the new Maiteng is relatively stable. The fuel version 280TSI and 330TSI maintain the original performance, with a maximum horsepower of 150Ps and 186Ps respectively. The 380TSI is equipped with a 220Ps engine with a torque of up to 350Nm.

It is worth mentioning that the GTE plug-in hybrid model is equipped with a combination of a 1.4T engine and a motor, with a combined maximum horsepower of 211Ps and a torque of 400Nm.

It only takes 7.7 seconds to accelerate 100 kilometers, with a pure electric battery life of 56 kilometers, and a comprehensive fuel consumption of as low as 1.8L/km, demonstrating excellent performance and environmental advantages.

In terms of appearance design, the new Maiteng adopts a new design language, the front line is more dynamic, and the middle net and lower grille of the front part of the car integrate novel elements, making the overall shape much younger. Despite this, the professor said that some people may feel "face blind".

The tail markings and light sets have also been upgraded to enhance recognition.

In terms of interior, the Maiteng GTE model inherits the luxury of Volkswagen, equipped with a full LCD instrument panel and touch-sensitive audio control panel, which is full of technology. At the same time, the driving experience has also been improved, including a new steering wheel and a number of intelligent configurations, which enhance the practicality of the vehicle.

In comparison with the rival Honda Accord, the new Maiteng has shown a different competitive advantage from the Accord with its rigorous design and tradition, as well as its personalized positioning for different market needs.

Although Accord once led the market with the outstanding performance of the 1.5T engine, Maiteng has adopted mid-term modifications and the introduction of new energy models.

Further strengthening its market position, especially in cities with restricted purchases, Maiteng GTE will make up for its shortcomings in the new energy sector and enhance its competitiveness.

Overall, the new Maiteng has shown strong product strength with its innovative appearance, technological interior and targeted upgrades, which will make the competition between German and Japanese B-class cars even more intense. This model will undoubtedly bring consumers a new driving experience and value choices.

In recent decades, a large number of pottery stoves have been unearthed nationwide, mainly in Guanzhong, Luoyang, Jianghan, Shaanxi and Linyi areas. Since the end of 1990s, a large number of Han tombs have been found in Yan ‘an area of Shaanxi Province, and many pottery stoves have been unearthed, which can be divided into glazed argillaceous red pottery stoves and painted argillaceous gray pottery stoves according to their materials (Figure 1). These pottery stoves are unique in shape, exquisitely made and have regional characteristics. The author selects some representative unpublished pottery stoves from local museums to introduce them, and discusses their types, ages, crafts and symbolic meanings contained in their patterns.

As an appliance for people to make a fire and cook food, the stove appeared as early as the early Neolithic Age and was widely used in Yangshao culture period. In the Warring States period, stoves also evolved from primitive fire pits and movable pottery stoves into fixed pots and pans, which became an indispensable daily living facility for the ancients. As a funerary model, the pottery stove first appeared in the Qin tombs in the late Warring States period in Guanzhong area. In the Han Dynasty, when the concept of "death is like life" prevailed, the pottery stove was further made into a utensil, and it was buried with the pottery barn in a complete set, which became the core of the buried pottery in the tombs of the Han Dynasty and an important carrier of people’s ideas and spiritual world in the Han Dynasty.

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the distribution of pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an area.

Glazed argillaceous red pottery stove

1. Carve the yellow glazed green painted pottery stove with double cranes.

Unearthed in Linzhen, Baota District, Yan ‘an City in 2005. Three-eyed horseshoe. Length 23, width 22.5 and height 22 cm. The fire holes on the stove surface are distributed in the shape of "pin", and a small kettle is placed on it, and the stove kettle is separated. Put a green glazed deep-bellied retort on the right kettle, and put a small pot of red glaze and green color on the other two kettles, with a small spoon of green glaze crank in the pot, and put a small pot of red glaze and green color between two fire holes in the front row. The tail of the stove is a green glaze bottle-shaped hollow chimney. The kitchen utensils and appliances on the kitchen surface can be moved. A rectangular floor-standing fire door is opened just below the front wall of the stove. Two rows of diamond-shaped palisades are carved above the fire door with sharp tools, and a crane standing opposite each other is carved on each side. The knife method is simple and sharp. The stove is covered with yellow glaze, and the diamond pattern and crane pattern are covered with green glaze, which is very decorative (Figure 2).

Fig. 2 depicts the yellow glazed green painted pottery stove with double cranes.

2. Carve the yellow glazed green painted pottery stove with double crane sauce

Unearthed in Nanniwan Town, Baota District, Yan ‘an City in 2007. The shape is the same as the double crane stove mentioned above. Length 25, width 23.5 and height 20 cm. Kettle, basin, spoon and other utensils and hollow bottle-shaped chimney are placed on the stove surface. A diamond-shaped palindrome is carved above the stove door, and a crane standing back to back, holding its head high and looking carefree is carved on each side. The stove is covered with yellow glaze, and the diamond pattern and crane pattern are filled with green glaze (Figure 3).

Fig. 3 depicts the yellow glazed green painted pottery stove with double crane sauce.

3. Carve the pottery stove with double crane lines, yellow brown glaze and green dragon heads.

In 2006, it was unearthed in feng village, Liqu Town, Baota District, Yan ‘an City. The shape is the same as that of the upper two stoves. Length 21, width 22.5 and height 21 cm. Small kettles are placed on the fire holes of the kitchen surface, a yellow glazed deep-bellied retort is placed on the right kettle, and a yellow glazed ear cup is placed in the center of the kitchen surface. A molded dragon-headed chimney is inserted at the end of the stove, which makes the mouth scream, and the details of the dragon’s five senses and neck scales are clear. Two rows of triangular stripes are carved on the front edge of the stove and the upper edge of the front wall, and diamond stripes, triangular stripes and water ripple stripes are carved on the upper part and both sides of the fire door. On both sides of the front wall of the stove, a pair of cranes are carved, which lead their necks to sing and flap their wings to fly. The carving method is concise, skillful and infectious. Yellow-brown glaze is applied all over the stove body, and white glaze is filled with diamond, triangle, water ripple and crane pattern (Figure 4).

Figure 4 depicts the pottery stove and part of the dragon head with yellow, brown, glazed and green dragon heads with double cranes.

4. Carve the pottery stove with double-que red glaze and green dragon head.

In 2008, it was unearthed in Qingquangou Village, Daozhen Town, Ganquan County, Yan ‘an City. Muddy red pottery. Three-eyed horseshoe. Length 21, width 19 and height 20 cm. A cauldron is placed on the fire eye, with a small red glazed crank spoon in the cauldron, and a large red glazed retort is placed on the right side of the cauldron, with strings on the upper abdomen for several weeks. Place red glazed pots, red glazed green colored vials, small jars and inverted red glazed ear cups on the kitchen surface. A diamond-shaped stripe is carved on the front edge of the stove, and a molded red glazed green colored dragon chimney is inserted in the round hole at the tail of the stove. The dragon head is raised, its eyes are wide open, its mouth screams, and its shape is fierce. A rectangular hollow fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall of the stove. A pair of triangular pyramidal roof towers are carved on both sides of the fire door, and triangular patterns and grid patterns are carved on the upper part. The stove is covered with red glaze, and the pavilion and triangular pattern are outlined with green glaze, and the glaze water is bright and full. It is worth mentioning that a layer of black glaze is added to the red bottom glaze on the small kettle on the left side of the front of the stove, which is more special (Figure 5).

Fig. 5 depicts the red glazed green painted pottery stove with double que pattern and the dragon head.

5. Painted double-que sauce, red glaze and green painted pottery stove

In 2007, it was unearthed in Nanyigou Village, Daozhen Town, Ganquan County, Yan ‘an City. The shape is the same as that of the stove. Length 20, width 19 and height 16 cm. Kettle, basin, retort, jar, ladle, ear cup and bottle-shaped chimney are placed on the stove surface, and the net pattern is carved above the fire door. Red glaze is applied to the whole body of the stove, green glaze is applied to both sides of the fire door to draw simplified double-gap patterns, and green glaze is applied to the retort, jar, basin, ear cup and chimney mouth (Figure 6).

Fig. 6 Red glazed stove with green color and double que sauce.

6. Tri-color glazed pottery stove with geometric patterns

In 2004, it was unearthed in Yangquan Town, Fu County, Yan ‘an City. Muddy red pottery, horseshoe-shaped with double fire eyes. Length 17, width 19 and height 13 cm. A small kettle is placed on the fire hole of the stove surface, and two small pots are placed at the back of the stove surface. A crank spoon and a straight handle ladle are placed in the pots, and a small ear cup is inverted at the front. The kettle, pots, spoons and scoops are all painted with yellow glaze. A bottle-shaped chimney is erected at the end of the stove, with yellow glaze applied at the lower part and green glaze applied at the upper part. A rectangular hollow fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall of the stove, and grid lines are carved on both sides of the fire door and the upper part of the front wall, and diamond-shaped back lines are carved between the grid lines. The stove is glazed in three colors, red glaze is applied to the whole stove body, black glaze is applied to the grid pattern on the front wall, and green glaze is applied to the diamond pattern. Glazed pottery with double glaze color in Han dynasty is rare, and it is rare to apply red, green and black glaze colors to this stove (Figure 7).

Fig. 7 Tri-color glazed pottery stove with geometric patterns.

Two-colored argillaceous gray pottery stove

1. Moire painted pottery stove

In 2010, it was unearthed in Frontier Village, Laoshan Township, Ganquan County, Yan ‘an City. Three fire eyes rounded rectangle. Length 22.5, width 20 and height 19 cm. The fire holes on the kitchen surface are distributed in the shape of "pin", and the kitchen bottom is closed. The stove is a combination of stove and kettle. The kettle is higher than the stove surface, and the mouth edge is painted red and white for two weeks. A pot and a retort are placed on the kettle, and the mouth edge and abdomen of the pot and retort are painted in red and white. The tubular chimney is plastic at the end of the stove, which is slightly disabled. Around the kitchen surface, the flaming eye is edged with white and red colors, and a circle of moire is drawn, in which plum patterns are dotted. A hollow rectangular fire door is opened in the middle of the front wall of the stove, and the wall is decorated with red and white dots. White, blue, red and yellow moire are painted on both sides and back wall of the stove. This stove is well preserved, with complicated patterns and bright colors (Figure 8).

Fig. 8 moire painted pottery stove

2. Group crane painted pottery stoves

Unearthed in Zichang County, Yan ‘an City in 2008. Horseshoe-shaped stove with three fire eyes. Length 21, width 21 and height 22 cm. The fire eyes on the kitchen surface are distributed in the shape of "pin" The kettle and stove are separated, wherein a crank spoon is built in each kettle, and the kettle and spoon are cut by hand. The rectangular hollow fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall of the pottery stove, and the fire door and the front wall are painted with diamond, dot and stripe colors in red, white and Huang San colors respectively. The most distinctive feature of this cooker lies in the painted patterns on its side and back wall: in the cloud patterns painted with yellow, 12 cranes with different shapes and white feathers are playing with each other, either holding their heads high, standing still and looking back, or bending their necks and pecking their tails, or competing for food. The old cranes are flying with colors, and the young cranes are weak and lovely. The expression of the whole picture is rich and exaggerated, giving people infinite reverie, which can be called a masterpiece of fine arts in the Han Dynasty (Figure 9).

Fig. 9 Group of crane-painted stoves

3. Wolong-shaped painted pottery stove

In 2006, it was unearthed in Hongtugou Village, Donggou Township, Ganquan County, Yan ‘an City. The stove body was shaped into the image of a prostrate and head-held round carved Wolong, with a dragon as the stove body, a chimney with a dragon neck and a dragon head, a mouth-opening hissing shape and a broken dragon horn. The limbs are located on both sides of the stove body in a prone position, and the dragon claws are molded. Length 36, width 22.5 and height 23 cm. The three fire holes on the kitchen surface open in the back of the dragon, which are distributed in a zigzag pattern, and the kettle is integrated with the kitchen. The kettle is taller than the kitchen surface, the tail kettle is taller, and the front kettle is short. The square floor-standing fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall. The whole body of the stove is painted in white, and the "S"-shaped scales are painted in red and black. The dragon mouth, eyes and ears are painted in red, and the wings are painted in red and black on both sides of the dragon body. The stove door is bordered with red and black colors. This dragon-shaped stove is exquisitely made and ornately decorated. At present, this kind of pottery stove which shapes the stove body into the image of a carved animal has not been reported in China (Figure 10).

Figure 10 Wolong-shaped painted stove

4. Bird-patterned rectangular painted pottery stoves with feet

In 2009, it was unearthed in Guanzhuang Township, Baota District, Yan ‘an City. Three fire holes are rectangular, with a back cover and four flat square feet at the bottom. Length 28, width 24.5 and height 23 cm. The fire holes on the stove surface are distributed in the shape of "pin", and the kettle and stove are integrated, and the kettle height is higher than the stove surface. A thin cylindrical chimney is molded at the end of the stove. The rectangular fire door opens in the center of the front wall. The stove body is painted with yellow color, and the four sides of the stove surface and sides are painted with white color strips, and the geometric patterns of the strips and the fire door are painted with red. On the left side of the kitchen wall, two waterfowl are painted, both of which bend their necks and bow their heads, opening their mouths and sticking out their tongues. The former one is decorated with white and the latter with red, and the image is simple and interesting (Figure 11).

Figure 11 Rectangular painted stove with bird pattern

5. Painted pottery stoves with crane figures

Unearthed in yongningzhen, Zhidan County, Yan ‘an City in 2009. Three-eyed horseshoe. Length 22, width 19.5 and height 11 cm. Fire holes are distributed in the shape of "pin", and the kettle and stove are integrated. The kettle height is higher than the stove surface, and the left kettle is smaller. On the right side of the stove surface, the pattern of hook and ladle is printed, and a small smoke hole is opened at the tail. The floor-standing fire door is opened in the middle and lower part of the front wall of the stove. The stove body is painted with white color, the kettle mouth is painted with green color, the kettle body is painted with black color, and the edge of the stove surface is painted with black grid for a week. On both sides of the fire door on the front wall of the stove, people are painted in green robes and stand hand in hand. A tree is painted in ink in the middle of the back of the kitchen wall, and three cranes walking in the same direction are painted in black on both sides of the tree. The brushwork is concise and vivid, which is full of interest (Figure 12).

Figure 12. Painted stoves with crane figures.

6. Painted pottery stoves with figure patterns

Unearthed in Zhaoan Township, Ansai County, Yan ‘an City in 2011. The shape is similar to that of the upper focus. Length 22, width 20 and height 12.5 cm. A row of diamond-shaped palisades is embossed above the floor-standing fire door, and a que building pattern is embossed on both sides of the fire door. The stove is covered with white color, and a person is painted on the right side of the fire door, dressed in a light green robe and holding a rod. The pattern on the left side of the fire door is blurred. Draw a chalk line figure at each end of the side wall of the stove, and on the left is a man, dressed in a robe, sitting quietly. On the right is a woman sitting with a hand on her hand, and the rest of her body draws a set of cloud patterns with ink lines (Figure 13).

Figure 1. Three-character painted stoves

7. Cloudy painted pottery stoves

Unearthed in Gao Qiao Township, Ansai County, Yan ‘an City in 2010. Muddy gray pottery, the shape is the same as above. Length 23, width 20 and height 10 cm. The whole body of the stove is painted with white color, and the upper part of the four walls is marked with red and black colors, and the bottom is painted with lotus petals for a week. In the middle, six groups of cloud patterns are painted with red and green colors, with bright colors (Figure 14).

Fig. 14 Moire pattern painting stove

Regional characteristics and age of ceramic stoves in San ‘an.

From the above introduction and the information currently available, it can be seen that the pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an area of northern Shaanxi mainly include glazed pottery and gray pottery, among which glazed pottery stoves account for a certain proportion, with red and yellow warm glazes as the main glaze colors, and green glazes are rare, and the rich multicolor glazes are a major feature, and even three-color glazes appear, which is rare in other areas. These glazed pottery stoves are relatively simple in shape, with horseshoe-shaped stoves as the bulk, and the three fire holes on the stove surface are mostly in the shape of "pin", and a few are side by side. There are two kinds of fire doors: floor type and hollow type, with hollow type as the main one. The stove and kettle are multi-split. All kinds of kitchenware models on the kitchen surface are rich in variety and complete in configuration, including retort, basin, plate, jar, bottle, ladle, spoon and ear cup, and most of them can be moved, which is a true portrayal of real life, which is rarely seen in other regions and presents distinctive local characteristics.

There are a large number of gray pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an. Except for a few square stoves and irregular stoves, like glazed pottery stoves, their shapes are mainly horseshoe-shaped, but most of them are connected with stoves and kettles. Fire doors are mainly floor-mounted Developed painting is a remarkable feature of Yan ‘an Han Dynasty gray pottery stove, with bright colors and complicated patterns, especially the painting of animals and figures on the pottery stove, which has its own characteristics, while the practice of molding the pottery stove into a whole round carving animal is only seen in China.

The distinctive regional characteristics of the above pottery stoves should be related to the special geographical location of Yan’ an. Yan ‘an is located in the south of northern Shaanxi, bordering Hetao in the north and Guanzhong in the south. Since ancient times, it has been a place where the northern grassland culture and the farming culture of the Central Plains are integrated. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, Yan ‘an was a county jurisdiction and became a transitional zone connecting the northern frontier and the imperial ruling center. The combination of advanced production technology and ideas in the mainland with the original local cultural traditions has formed a unique cultural phenomenon here. These Han Dynasty pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an area are unique in shape, novel in decoration and distinctive in regional characteristics, which should be the concrete embodiment of this cultural phenomenon.

Because this batch of pottery stoves were handed in or collected after being unearthed in people’s production activities, most of the tomb information is missing, so their age is mainly judged according to the shape, decorative characteristics and some of the same artifacts. Judging from the shape of the pottery stoves in Yan’ an area, horseshoe-shaped stoves are the main ones, and three fire holes are distributed in the shape of "pin" on the stove surface. This shape of pottery stoves was mainly popular in the early and middle Western Han Dynasty in Guanzhong area. In particular, the colorful painted pottery stoves with group crane patterns introduced above have the same length and width and a small aspect ratio, which are even consistent with those of the Qin Dynasty pottery stoves in Guanzhong area. The age may be as early as the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, and may enter the early Western Han Dynasty due to the lag of cultural communication. From the point of view of decoration, the proportion of glazed pottery in Yan ‘an area is high, while the popularity of glazed pottery in Guanzhong area is earlier than that in the middle of Western Han Dynasty, and because of the lag of cultural communication, the popularity of glazed pottery in Yan ‘an area has at least entered the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. In addition, various kitchenware models are popular on Yan ‘an glazed pottery stoves, and similar practices are mainly popular in Guanzhong area from the late Western Han Dynasty to the Xinmang period. The difference is that Guanzhong pottery stoves directly print kitchenware on the stoves instead of placing model kitchenware. This difference is caused by different regions, and their ages should be similar. From the perspective of the same artifacts, in Yan ‘an area, there are mainly artifacts with the basic combination of ding, pot-like bronze wares, warehouse and stove models, cans, bottles, lamps, fuming stoves and other daily necessities, but there are no common artifacts after the Eastern Han Dynasty, such as wells, toilets, buildings, figurines, pigsty and millstones. The main popular age of this combination should be from the middle and late Western Han Dynasty to the Xinmang period. As can be seen from the above analysis,Tao Zao in Yan ‘an area appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty, and was popular in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. It may disappear around Xinmang at the latest.

Production, decoration technology and artistic features

(a) the production process

According to the author’s observation, Yan ‘an Han dynasty pottery stoves were made by using block molding, bonding, kneading, wheel making, knife cutting and other technologies. For this horseshoe-shaped, rectangular hollow three-dimensional stove and the Wolong-shaped pottery stove described above, because of its complex structure, it is impossible to form it at one time. Instead, it is necessary to use a special mold to make mud blanks of various parts of the pottery stove in blocks, and then combine and bond them. Some kitchen accessories are also molded, such as dragon-shaped chimneys, ear cups and small scoops. The kneading technique is applied to some small kitchen utensils on the stove, such as small plates, pots and crank spoons on glazed pottery stoves. And those larger pots, retort, cans and chimneys have obvious marks of wheel system, which should be made of wheel system. Knife-cutting technology is a major feature of the production of pottery figurines in the Han Dynasty in northern Shaanxi, and it is also reflected in the production of pottery stoves in this area. For example, the production of the kettle and crank spoon in the painted pottery stoves with crane patterns described above is a combination of kneading and knife-cutting techniques. First, the rough shape is kneaded, and then the shape is trimmed and shaped by knife cutting.

(2) Decoration technology

Yan ‘an Han Dynasty pottery stoves are rich in decorative techniques, including glazing, painting, carving, sculpture, stamping and so on. Especially in the decoration of glazed pottery stoves, advanced decoration techniques such as monochrome glaze, multi-color glaze, carved glaze filling and overlapping glaze painting are used, which are rich in color and strong in contrast, and the decoration effect is refreshing, making them a masterpiece of glazed pottery products in Han Dynasty. The glaze application technology of multi-color glaze is the biggest feature of glazed pottery production in Yan ‘an area, that is, two or more glaze colors are applied to a pottery at the same time, which represents the highest level of glaze application technology of glazed pottery in Han Dynasty. This decorative technique has also been fully used in the production of glazed pottery stoves. There are not only two-color glazes, but also three glaze colors of red, green and black applied to an object at the same time, which has become a veritable "three colors of Chinese". Carving and filling glaze refers to carving patterns first, and then filling them with glaze, which has a strong contrast and prominent theme, such as the crane pattern and geometric pattern decoration in the double crane pattern stove introduced above, which may be inspired by the bronze mosaic technology. Overlapping glaze painting refers to the decorative method of drawing various patterns and ornamentation on warm bottom glaze with green decorative glaze, such as red glaze and green double-que pattern stove, and double-que and grid pattern drawn with green glaze on sauce red bottom glaze, which has great color contrast and good decorative effect. Painting is the main decorative technique of Yan’ an Han dynasty gray pottery stoves. On the one hand, these paintings are exquisite in decoration and rich in content, including cloud patterns, animal patterns, geometric patterns and figure patterns. On the other hand, it is colorful and varied, including red, white, black, yellow, green and blue. Some directly paint patterns on the clay tires, such as the above-mentioned pottery stoves 1 and 2. Others apply white color all over the body first,Then paint on the white color, such as gray pottery stove 3, stove 5 to stove 7, whose exquisite richness is rare in other areas.

(3) Artistic features

The combination of realism and virtuality is one of the artistic features of Yan ‘an Han Dynasty pottery stoves. Most of the glazed pottery stoves here are equipped with a complete set of kitchen utensils, such as kettle, retort, basin, jar, spoon and ear cup, which can reach as many as ten pieces at most, and the richness is beyond imagination. These utensils, regardless of their size, are accurate in shape and exquisite in manufacture. They are completely true imitations of cookers and kitchenware in real life, allowing us to see the configuration and combination of Han kitchenware, and the application of multicolor glaze decoration makes them a rare ancient miniature art. While being realistic, depicting the images of cranes and Quelou on both sides of the stove door should not be a simple description of the real world, but it has special ideological significance as the virtual practice of shaping the pottery stove chimney into a dragon’s head.

The coexistence of roughness and delicacy is another artistic feature of Yan ‘an Han Dynasty pottery stove. Using a knife instead of a pen, the grid pattern, diamond pattern, triangle pattern and crane pattern are carved on the wall of the glazed pottery stove. The knife method is vigorous and sharp, and the carved cranes have different shapes, or they are screaming or flapping their wings, and the picture is concise and powerful, which is extremely infectious. On the other hand, the clouds, figures and cranes on the painted pottery stove have smooth lines, delicate descriptions and vivid images.

Imagination and exaggeration are another artistic feature of Yan ‘an Han Dynasty pottery stoves. For example, the painted group of crane-patterned pottery stoves painted 12 cranes with different shapes and sizes on the narrow kitchen wall are full of interest and imagination. The description of the shape of the crane is bold and exaggerated, focusing on the slender and curved neck of the crane, which provides important information for us to study the painting level and skills of the Han Dynasty. The Wolong-shaped painted pottery stove introduced in the above article is even more imaginative in shaping a daily appliance into a round carved beast and applying exquisite painting, which is amazing.

The Meaning of Double Que Pattern and Crane Pattern on Five Pottery Stove

A pair of que Lou patterns are often carved, painted or embossed on both sides of the fire doors of glazed pottery stoves and gray pottery stoves unearthed in Yan ‘an, which is very rare in other areas. Quelou is a high-rise building located on both sides of the gate of an important building in ancient China. It is a sign of the gate. It should imply some special symbolic significance to depict it on both sides of the fire gate of the pottery stove. The Han Dynasty portrait bricks unearthed in Henan and the portrait sarcophagus found in Sichuan and Chongqing often show the double que pattern, and most of them coexist with the auspicious animals such as cranes, phoenixes and four gods, the sun, the moon, Fuxi, Nuwa and the Queen Mother of the West, and their images are similar to the double que on Yan ‘an pottery stoves. Some scholars believe that these double-que patterns are the "Tianmen" symbols leading to the fairy palace and the only way for the tomb owner to ascend to heaven and become immortal. The double-que pattern on the right wall of No.3 sarcophagus unearthed from Hanya Tomb in Guitou, Shandong Province, Jianyang County, Sichuan Province provides an important basis for this speculation. A single-eave double-que door is carved on the sarcophagus, and there is a person standing under the door. The word "Tianmen" is listed above the lintel, and the door with double-que is clearly called Tianmen. In the same way, the double que and rectangular fire gate on both sides of the fire gate of the pottery stove in Yan ‘an Han Dynasty and the geometric patterns above them together constitute the image of "Tianmen", which becomes the entrance for the tomb owner to ascend to heaven and become immortal. The soul of the tomb owner enters through the fire gate depicting the que building and turns into curled smoke rising from the chimney with the dragon head and flying to the fairy palace.

Crane pattern is also a more common image on Yan ‘an pottery stove, which is located in the same position as Shuangque pattern or on the side wall of the stove. In China’s Taoist thought, cranes are sacred objects in the celestial world, and immortals travel in the sky with cranes. Legend of the Immortals says, "Wang Ziqiao, Prince Jin Ye of Zhou Lingwang, a good blowing sheng, worked as Fengming, and traveled between Ilo, where Taoist Fuqiu was connected to Songshan. More than ten years later, I came to the mountain and told Huan Liang: Tell my family, and wait for the solution of Gou’s hill on July 7. If you take a white crane to the top of the mountain, you can’t see it. When you raise your hand, you will leave. " This record shows that the image of a crane as a fairy riding a sacred object appeared in the Han Dynasty. In the picture of immortalization in the Han Dynasty, tomb owners often use supernatural objects to ascend. In addition to the common dragon carts, fish carts and deer carts, cranes are also important carriers of immortalization. Found in the M1 mural of the mural tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty near Yangqiao, Jingbian County, northern Shaanxi Province, there is an image of immortals soaring by cranes (Figure 15); In addition, the mural tomb M1 of Han Dynasty in Haotan, Dingbian County, northern Shaanxi Province is also painted with an image of a pair of immortals driving cranes to escort the tomb owner to Tianmen. It is the dream of the Han people to fly to immortality after death. The contents of the murals in the above two Han tombs are the same. The method of depicting the crane pattern on the pottery stove reflects the tomb owner’s desire to fly the crane to immortality from another aspect.

Fig.15 A painting by a fairy in Hebi, M1 of the Eastern Han Tomb beside Yangqiao, Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province.

The practice of decorating que Lou, crane and dragon-headed chimney on pottery stoves in Yan ‘an area reflects the good wish of Han people to ascend to heaven after death, and is the embodiment of Taoist immortal thought in local funeral customs. In addition, Quelou, crane design and dragon-headed chimney, three decorative themes closely related to the idea of immortalization, appeared on the pottery stove at the same time, but rarely appeared on other types of funerary objects such as pottery warehouses and bottles. This difference reflects the particularity of the pottery stove in the system of funerary objects in this area, and it is likely to be an important carrier of the idea of immortalization, which is not seen in other areas.

(This article was originally published in the Journal of the National Museum of China, No.4, 2019, by the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwest University)

A few days ago, in July 2022, a brief report on the analysis of road traffic operation in Nanhai District was released.What is the speed of the morning rush hour and evening rush hour in Nanhai District? Which roads are the most congested? Which bus lines are the hottest?Let’s take a look!

Road traffic operation

Overall operation of the whole region

In July 2022, the traffic in Nanhai District was running smoothly. The average traffic operation index in the morning and evening peak hours on weekdays is 5.02, down 15.2% from the previous month, and the road operation is improving. Among them, the morning peak operation index was 4.45, down 14.3% month-on-month, which was at the low value of "mild congestion", and the evening peak operation index was 5.58, down 16.1% month-on-month, and dropped to the "mild congestion" range.

Curve of peak traffic operation index value in the morning and evening of July 2022 in Nanhai District.

On the working day in July, 2022, the average peak speed in Nanhai District was 33.3km/h, up 1.8% from the previous month. The average speed increased slightly during the peak period. The average speed of the morning peak is 34.8km/h and the average speed of the evening peak is 31.8km/h this month.

Running speed of peak roads in the morning and evening of July 2022 in Nanhai District (unit km/h).

Top ten congested roads

At the peak of the weekday evening in July 2022, the east-west running speed of Ji Hua East Road was only 10.3km/h, and the road congestion index reached 10.0. The rest of the congested roads are shown in the table below:

Top Ten Congestion Roads in Nanhai District in the evening of July, 2022.

Regular bus operation

Overall passenger traffic

Changes of passenger volume of conventional public transport in Nanhai District in July 2022 (unit: 10,000 passengers/day).

In July 2022, the total number of bus passengers in the whole region was 278,000 passengers/day. Among them, the average daily passenger traffic of the red bus line (regional bus) is 164,000 passengers, and the average daily passenger traffic of the yellow-green bus (cross-regional bus) is 86,000 passengers.

Line passenger traffic TOP20

The average daily passenger traffic of Nanhai District in July 2022 was TOP20.

In July, 2022, the highest passenger traffic in Nanhai District was Li 07 Road, with an average daily passenger traffic of 12,451 passengers, much higher than other routes in Nanhai District.

TOP20 of the number of passengers on the site

In July, 2022, the average daily passenger load of conventional bus stops in Nanhai District was Top20.

In July 2022, the top three bus stops in Nanhai District were Xunfenggang Bus Station, Foshan West Station Bus Station and Xintiandi Square Bus Station.

Work of "Smooth Traffic Project" in Nanhai District

In order to solve the urban traffic congestion problem strongly reflected by the people and create a first-class business environment, the Nanhai District Party Committee and the district government actively responded to the implementation of the urban "unblocked project", and all departments kept a close eye on the task objectives and solidly promoted the implementation of various tasks. As of July 31, the transportation departments in Nanhai District have continued to promote the management of traffic congestion points and get through the work of "broken roads", and made progress in stages, as follows:

Traffic congestion point management

In 2022, the total task of blocking point control in Nanhai District was 25, and at present, 8 have been completed, with an overall completion rate of 32%.On the basis of promoting the implementation of the above 25 blocking points, the transportation department of Nanhai District also cooperated with the traffic police, Zhenjie and other relevant units to carry out eight comprehensive traffic management projects around Denghu Middle School, Vanke Jinyu Central and Songtang Village, and carried out comprehensive traffic management by means of channelization of intersections, optimization of bus operation services, and improvement of slow-moving systems, so as to continuously improve and upgrade the traffic operation environment in Nanhai District.

Completion of blocking point control task of "unblocked project" in Nanhai district.

Get through the "dead end"

In 2022, Nanhai District plans to complete four "broken roads" opening projects, and currently three projects have been opened:Jade South Street (Wudou Road-Dayi West Road) was completed and opened to traffic, and the integration level of production and city in the area was significantly improved; The Guangfo Jiangzhu expressway tunnel project of Guangfo Shinkansen was successfully connected, which promoted the intercommunication between Guangfo and Shuangcheng. Huacheng Road (Yihai Road to Ji Hua East Road) municipal engineering has completed the opening of the main bridge;The tunnel project of Huandao South Road (Ji Hua Laboratory) is 90% completed..

Get through the completion of the "broken road" task.

Construction of bicycle and electric bicycle lanes

In 2022, the construction and upgrading task of Nanhai District will be 240 kilometers. As of July 25th, 39 projects with a mileage of 109 kilometers have been completed in the whole region..

Completion of the task of building bicycle and electric bicycle lanes.

Traffic Operation Analysis of Foshan First Ring Road-Haiba Road Node

Foshan 1st Ring Road-Haiba Road node is located in the core area of Qiandeng Lake area in Guicheng, the gateway of bridgehead in Guangzhou-Foshan city, where high-speed and expressway intersect. The three-layer interchange structure and the intersection of ground auxiliary roads undertake the function of peripheral traffic distribution and conversion services. The space under the bridge is complex and the road traffic infrastructure conditions are tight. During the peak period, there is a great traffic demand in all directions, and the traffic congestion in the east, south and north directions is serious. The queue at the south entrance is over 1km, and the node congestion lasts for 6-7 hours all day. Node congestion causes contiguous congestion in surrounding areas, and long-term congestion has caused strong public reaction.

Traffic congestion status map of Foshan 1st Ring Road-Haiba Road node.

In view of the above problems, Nanhai District Transportation Bureau hosted a plan coordination meeting, at which it was unanimously agreed to comprehensively improve the intersection from four aspects: "regional road network traffic diversion, bottleneck traffic organization optimization, node time and space integration tapping potential, and slow service improvement".

The meeting made it clear that Guicheng Street should optimize and adjust the design scheme of space utilization at the bottom of the bridge in combination with the traffic improvement scheme at the intersection of Foshan First Ring Road and Haiba Road Bridge.The access road area and the bridge bottom area should give priority to ensuring the traffic space demand., the remaining space can be used for the space utilization project under the bridge, and Guicheng Street furtherOptimize the design scheme of the parking lot under the bridgeTo ensure that the vehicles entering and leaving do not interfere with the normal operation order of the intersection.

The meeting made it clear that Guicheng Street closely integrated the traffic improvement project at the intersection of Foshan First Ring Road and Haiba Road Bridge with the space utilization project at the bridge bottom.Improve intersection capacity and bridge bottom landscape..

Forward it quickly and tell the friends who drive!

Source: Zhujiang Times, Nanhai District Transportation Bureau

Introduction:2019In, natural disasters in China were mainly floods, typhoons, droughts, earthquakes and geological disasters, and disasters such as forest and grassland fires, wind and hail, low-temperature freezing and snow disasters also occurred to varying degrees. The emergency management department, together with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Health and Wellness Commission, the Bureau of Statistics, the Meteorological Bureau, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Grain and Reserve Bureau, the Joint Staff of the Central Military Commission and the Political Work Department.1.3Hundreds of millions of people were affected,909People are dead and missing,12.6Ten thousand houses collapsed and crops were affected.19256.9Thousand hectares, direct economic loss3270.9100 million yuan. The top ten natural disasters in the whole year are as follows:

one、1909Super typhoon "Lichima"

1909No.1 super typhoon "Lichima" in2019yeareightmoonfoursunnineWhen it was formed on the east side of the Philippines,fivesun18When it strengthened to a strong tropical storm level,sixsun21When it is strengthened to typhoon level,sevensunnineWhen it was strengthened to a strong typhoon level,sevensun15It was strengthened to a super typhoon level. exist24Within an hour, it quickly strengthened from a strong tropical storm level to a super typhoon level.eightmoon10sunonetime45At 8: 00, "Lichima" landed on the coast of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province. When landing, the maximum wind force near the center was16Level (fifty-tworice/Seconds), the lowest air pressure in the center is930Baipa. Since then11suntwentytime50Landing twice along the coast of Qingdao, Shandong Province, the maximum wind force near the center when landing isnineLevel (23rice/Seconds), the lowest air pressure in the center is980Hectopascals,13sun00time00Sub-weakened into tropical depression, the Central Meteorological Observatory13sunsixStop numbering it when. According to statistics, the super typhoon "Lichima" is1949Since, it has landed in mainland China with the fifth strongest typhoon, causing Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Liaoning, Shanghai, Fujian, Hebei and Jilin.nineProvince (city)64city403Counties (cities, districts)1402.4Ten thousand people were affected and died.66People, missingfourPeople, emergency transfer and resettlement209.7Ten thousand people;1.5Ten thousand houses collapsed,13.3Ten thousand rooms are damaged to varying degrees; Affected area of crops1137Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.93.5Thousand hectares; direct economic loss515.3100 million yuan.

2、sixIn the middle of last month, Guangxi, Guangdong and Jiangxi etc.sixFlood disaster in provinces (regions)

2019yearsixmoonsixSolstice13On April 29, there was a continuous heavy rainfall process in Jiangnan and northern South China. Among them, the cumulative rainfall in central and southern Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Zhejiang, Fujian, northwestern Guangxi, and central and eastern Guangdong exceeded100Mm, Guilin and Liuzhou in Guangxi, Ji ‘an in Jiangxi, Ganzhou, Fuzhou and Shangrao in Zhejiang, Quzhou in Fujian, Nanping, Sanming and Longyan in Fujian, Guangzhou, Heyuan and Shaoguan in Guangdong.250－four hundredMm, of which Guilin, Guangxi has the largest rainfall.832Millimeter, Ji ‘an, Jiangxi758Millimeter. The heavy rainfall caused floods, hailstorms, landslides, mudslides and other disasters in Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan and other places, resulting in the above.sixProvince (region)45City (autonomous prefecture)249County (city, district)577.8Ten thousand people were affected,91People die,sevenPeople are missing,42.1Ten thousand people were urgently transferred and resettled,18.2Ten thousand people need emergency life assistance;1.9Ten thousand houses collapsed,8.3Ten thousand rooms are damaged to varying degrees; Affected area of crops419.4Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.60.2Thousand hectares; direct economic loss231.8100 million yuan.

three, Guizhou Shuicheng "seven•23"Extraordinary landslide disaster

2019yearsevenmoon23sun21timetwentyA catastrophic landslide occurred in Chagou Formation, Pingdi Village, Jichang Town, Shuicheng County, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, with a landslide volume of about.200Yu Wanfang, causing nearly1600People are affected,43People die,ninePeople are missing,seven hundredThe rest of the people were urgently transferred and resettled,600Others need emergency life assistance;100More than two houses collapsed,2300The rest is damaged to varying degrees; direct economic loss1.9100 million yuan.

four, Sichuan "eight•twenty"Heavy rainfall, catastrophic mountain torrents and mudslides.

2019yeareightmoon19Solstice22Cumulative rainfall in the west of Sichuan basin on April 20, 2008.50－200Mm, Chengdu, Ya ‘an and Aba Prefecture, Leshan, Mianyang and other parts of the country.250－four hundredMm, Dayi County, Chengdu, Qionglai City and Lushan County, Ya ‘an.418－567Millimeter. The rainfall lasted for a long time and the rainfall was concentrated, which led to the outbreak of mountain torrents and mudslides in some areas. Disasters caused Aba, Ya ‘an and Leshan, etc.nineCity (autonomous prefecture)35Counties (cities, districts)44.6Ten thousand people were affected,26People die,19People are missing,7.3Ten thousand people were urgently transferred and resettled,4.7Ten thousand people need emergency life assistance;1000More than two houses collapsed,1.5Ten thousand rooms are damaged to varying degrees; Affected area of crops14.8Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.2.2Thousand hectares; Some infrastructure such as roads, water conservancy and electric power in the disaster area were seriously damaged, resulting in direct economic losses.158.9100 million yuan.

five、sevenFloods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the first half of last month

2019yearsevenmoonthreeSolstice17Japan, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River suffered continuously.2Heavy rains hit, among them,sevenmoonthreeSolstice10The strongest rainfall process occurred in the south after the flood season, Pingxiang, Jiangxi (497.3Mm), Xiajiang (461.4Mm), Leiyang, Hunan (396Millimeter), Hengdong (348.4Millimeter)fourThe continuous precipitation at the station broke through the historical extreme value. Over-alert water level floods occurred in Jiujiang-Datong reach of the main stream of the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake and several tributaries, among which Xiangjiang River exceeded.50A once-in-a-year catastrophic flood. The disaster caused Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan.fourprovince31City (autonomous prefecture)196County (city, district)1031.9Ten thousand people were affected,37People die,threePeople are missing,114.9Ten thousand emergency transfer and resettlement;2.1Ten thousand houses collapsed,2.2Ten thousand rooms were seriously damaged,7.4Ten thousand rooms are generally damaged; Affected area of crops776.9Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.171Thousand hectares; direct economic loss324.3100 million yuan.

sixDrought in summer, autumn and winter in southern China

2019yearfiveSince June, affected by the continuous high temperature and little rain, soil moisture loss is serious, and drought has occurred in some areas of Jianghan Jiangnan, especially in summer, autumn and winter.sevenSince the end of last month, the average precipitation in Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui has been less than 60% compared with the historical period, and the cumulative rainfall in Hunan has been less than the historical period.fiveInto the above. According to statistics, drought disasters have caused Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan.sixprovince67Cities (autonomous prefectures)387Counties (cities, districts)3263.5Ten thousand people were affected,677.6Ten thousand people need life assistance because of drought, among which295.3Ten thousand people need help because of the difficulty of drinking dry water; Affected area of crops3310.1Thousands of hectares, of which no harvest.475.1Thousand hectares; Large livestock with difficulty in drinking water11.2Ten thousand heads (only); direct economic loss189.9100 million yuan.

sevenChangning, Sichuan6.0Magnitude earthquake

2019yearsixmoon17sun22time55Points, Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province (north latitude28.34Degree, east longitude104.9Degree)6.0M _ s earthquake, focal depth16Kilometers Since then, it has happened one after another.fourtimefiveAftershocks of magnitude above. Earthquake disasters caused Yibin and Leshan in Sichuan Province2city16Counties (cities, districts)35.9Ten thousand people were affected,13People die,9.5Ten thousand people were urgently transferred and resettled,3500More than two houses collapsed,22.3Ten thousand rooms are damaged to varying degrees, resulting in direct economic losses.56.2100 million yuan.

eight, Sichuan Muli "three•thirty"Forest fire

2019yearthreemoonthirtysun18time26A forest fire broke out in Muli County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province.threemoon31On the afternoon of, the officers and men of Liangshan Prefecture detachment of Sichuan Forest Fire Brigade and local fire fighters were together.689People are at altitude4000More than meters of virgin forest began to fight. During the fire fighting operation, due to the sudden change of wind direction, the combustible gas in the forest suddenly explodes, resulting in27A forest fire commander andfourA local cadre and the masses sacrificed.

nineShanxi Xiangning "three•15"Landslide disaster

2019yearthreemoon15sun18time10A landslide occurred on the north side of Zaoling Township Health Center in Xiangning County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, causing a family building in the health center (sixHousehold), a family building of the credit union (eightHouseholds) and a small bath center collapsed, causing100Others were affected,twentyPeople die,100The rest of the emergency transfer and resettlement, near100Between houses collapsed, direct economic losses.2100More than ten thousand yuan.

10Snowstorms in Yushu, Qinghai

2019At the beginning of the year, Yushu Prefecture in Qinghai Province appeared continuously.twelveDuring the second obvious snowfall, the snowfall and the number of days of heavy snowfall reached the highest in the same period of local history, and the number of snowfall days was the longest in history, resulting in persistent snow, with the maximum snow depth reaching.22Cm, resulting in a large number of livestock deaths, Yushu, Guoluo part of the township roads interrupted. Snowstorm caused Yushu, Guoluo and Haixi.threeautonomous prefecture13Counties20.7Ten thousand people are affected by disasters and need emergency life assistance.5.3Ten thousand head (only) livestock died, resulting in direct economic losses.2.1100 million yuan.